Mark (designation)

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Method of designating a version of a product

title: "Mark (designation)" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["technical-terminology"] description: "Method of designating a version of a product" topic_path: "general/technical-terminology" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_(designation)" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Method of designating a version of a product ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/FordMondeoMk2Mk3.jpg" caption="Two [[Ford Mondeo]] sedans, a Mk II (grey, left) and a Mk III (blue, right)"] ::

The word mark, followed by number, is a method of designating a version of a product. It is often abbreviated as Mk or M. This use of the word possibly originates from the use of physical marks made to measure height or progress. Furthermore, by metonymy the word mark is used to note a defined level of development or a model number.

The kind of products that use this convention vary widely in complexity. The concept shares some similarities with the type designation (in hardware), also called software versioning: 1.0+ (1.1, 1.12, 2.0, 3.0, etc.), used to designate general software product releases, and other version control schemas. Thus designations like "Mark I", "Mark II", "Mark III", "Mark IV", etc. come to be used as proper names for persons and products.

Application

Mark refers to a mark on the modification plate of a system, component or machine. Modification plates are used to identify which modifications have already been applied to the device, either at the factory or by maintainers. The use of Mark as a method of versioning has entered common usage however, and may be applied to devices without a modification plate to physically mark.

United Kingdom

In British military practice, Mark ("Mk") designations were given in Roman numerals (replaced by Arabic numerals in 1944) to reflect variants of or production changes to service weaponry, either on their own or as part of numerical ("No.") designations; in the Lee-Enfield rifle series for example, the SMLE rifles were produced to Mk I, Mk III, and Mk V specification (with the latter two later gaining a numerical designation of "No. 1 Mk III/Mk V Rifle"), while the No .4 rifles were produced to No. 4 Mk I and No. 4 Mk 2 specification. Variations or production changes could be further denoted with an asterix as with the SMLE Mk III* (later "No. 1 Mk III*") and No. 4 Mk I*. The British Army switched to Land Service number designations ("LXA1/A2/A3/etc.") in 1954, but legacy items continued to be referred to by their Mk designations until their replacement by newer equipment. To this day, there are stores using an Mk designation that are still in service such as the No. 1 Mk 4 Protective Suit.

British railway coaching stock has been referred to using Arabic numeral marks following the introduction of the British Railways Mark 1 in 1951, with further designs being referred to as the Mark 2 (introduced in 1964), the Mark 3 (introduced in 1975), and the Mark 4 (introduced in 1989). The Mark 5 designation was initially intended for coaches belonging to the 1990 InterCity 250 project, but this was cancelled in 1992; the designation was later applied to CAF-built coaches used on the Caledonian Sleeper service since 2019, replacing earlier Mark 2 and Mark 3 coaches, while coaches built by the same manufacturer for TransPennine Express are referred to as the Mark 5A.

United States Navy

The United States Navy uses the terms "Mark" and "Mod" as a method to uniquely designate specific types and configurations of equipment that would otherwise lack military designations. The practice was adopted by the Naval Ordnance group in 1944, and was formalized in the MIL-STD-1661 MARK and MOD Nomenclature System{{cite web |last = MIL-STD-1661 |title= Mark and Mod Nomenclature System |date = 1978-08-01 |access-date = 2022-12-13 |url = http://quicksearch.dla.mil/qsDocDetails.aspx?ident_number=37053}} in 1978. As the system came from the Ordnance group, it is primarily used to describe naval guns, gun mounts, and other similar weapon systems.

Examples

Military

Vehicles

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/VW_Golf_Mk_III.jpg" caption="VW Golf Mk III"] ::

Musical and photo instruments

Firearms

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Mitch_Barrie_-flickr-_Three_rimfire_pistols.png" caption="Ruger Mk I at top; Ruger Mk II; Ruger Mk IV Hunter. demonstrates the use of the designation as the name, often referred to simply as "the Mk II", "a Mk III", etc."] ::

Electronics

Medical research

  • The term SARS‑CoV‑2 for the novel Coronavirus may be considered part of this designating method. The term COVID-19 has been misinterpreted in this way on several occasions; the number here, however, denotes the year of the first appearance of the virus, 2019.

Notes

References

References

  1. (1948). "Ordnance Went Up Front". Small-Arms Technical Publishing Company.
  2. (11 August 2022). "Ancient Weapons of Oman: Volume 2 - Firearms". [[Archaeopress.
  3. (2002). "Korean War Order of Battle: United States, United Nations, and Communist Ground, Naval, and Air Forces, 1950-1953". Greenwood Publishing Group.
  4. (7 August 2020). "A History of the Small Arms made by the Sterling Armament Company". Pen & Sword Military.
  5. [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)]]. (1982). "Army Code No. 71295, Cadet Training Manual (CCF Army Sections)".
  6. (21 November 1955). "WO Code No. 8948, Infantry Training Volume I, Pamphlet No. 4 The Sub-Machine Gun (All Arms) (Amended April 1957)". [[War Office]].
  7. (7 August 2020). "A History of the Small Arms made by the Sterling Armament Company". Pen & Sword Military.
  8. [[War Office]]. (1961). "WO Code No. 13217, User Handbook for the Rifle, 0.22in., No. 8, Mk. 1".
  9. [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)]]. (1970). "Army Code No. 13217, User Handbook for the Rifle, 0.22in, No 8, Mk 1 and Rifle, Aiming, 0.22in L2A1".
  10. (30 March 2000). "Armed Forces' Rifles".
  11. [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)]]. (2005). "Army Code No. 14233, The Army Cadet Force Manual".
  12. (March 1964). "WO Code No. 9941, Infantry Training Volume 1, Pamphlet No. 7 Grenades (All Arms)". [[War Office]].
  13. (March 1964). "WO Code No. 9941, Infantry Training Volume 1, Pamphlet No. 7 Grenades (All Arms)". [[War Office]].
  14. [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)]]. (May 1975). "Army Code No. 71001, Infantry Training Volume III, Pamphlet No. 13 Grenades".
  15. (October 1995). "Army Code No. 71001, Infantry Training Volume III, Pamphlet No. 13 Grenades and Associated Weapons". [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)]].
  16. ""Beehive" Charge Demolition No1 6in Inert Mk6".
  17. (26 July 1993). "Sennybridge Range".
  18. Mondial Defence Systems. "Beehive Charge Mk.6".
  19. (February 2016). "Charge Demolition No.1 6 inch Beehive".
  20. "Beehive Charge Demolition No 1 6in (sectioned)". [[Imperial War Museum]].
  21. (October 2016). "A Leading Provider of Energetic Materials".
  22. Mondial Defence Systems. "Charge Demolition No. 14 Mk 1".
  23. Mondial Defence Systems. "Charge Demolition Necklace L1A1".
  24. (January 2012). "Bullet Points". [[British Army]].
  25. (20 October 1986). "Encyclopaedia of the Modern British Army". Book Club Associates by arrangement with Patrick Stephens Limited.
  26. "Smock, Protective NBC Suit, No.1, Mk. IV: British Army".
  27. (1 August 1978). "MIL-STD-1661 (OS) 1 August 1978 MARK and MOD Nomenclature System".

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technical-terminology