Mangshi

Quality 0.50 · 1 view · Updated 2 months ago

title: "Mangshi" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["mangshi", "county-level-divisions-of-dehong-prefecture", "cities-in-yunnan", "china–myanmar-border-crossings"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangshi" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

Field	Value
name	Mangshi
native_name
native_name_lang	zh
translit_lang1	Other
translit_lang1_type2	Pinyin
translit_lang1_info2	zh
translit_lang1_type3	Tai Nuea
translit_lang1_info3
translit_lang1_type4	Jingpho
translit_lang1_info4	Mangshi Myu
translit_lang1_type5	Burmese
translit_lang1_info5	မန်စီ
translit_lang1_type6	Thai
translit_lang1_info6	เมืองข้อน
settlement_type	County-level city
image_skyline	{{multiple image
border	infobox
total_width	280px
image_style	border:1;
perrow	1/2/2
image1	芒市天际线 - 2024-05-27 全景图.jpg
caption1	Urban skyline
image2	菩提寺 - 2023-07-30.jpg
caption2	Puti Temple
image3	勐焕大金塔01.jpg
caption3	Mëng Xón Pagoda
image4	芒市广场-中缅友谊馆.jpg
caption4	Mangshi Square
image5	芒市小礼堂 - 正立面 - 2025-05-14 01.jpg
caption5	Mangshi Little Hall
etymology	Evolved form the ethnic name "" (Mangshi)
nickname	city of dawn
image_map	芒市位置图.svg
map_caption	Location of Mangshi City in Dehong Prefecture within Yunnan province
pushpin_map	Yunnan#China
pushpin_map_caption	Location in Yunnan
pushpin_mapsize	250
coor_pinpoint	Mangshi government
coordinates
subdivision_type	Country
subdivision_name	China
subdivision_type1	Province
subdivision_name1	Yunnan
subdivision_type2	Autonomous Prefecture
subdivision_name2	Dehong
established_title	Founded
established_date	1996
seat_type	Municipal seat
seat	Menghuan Subdistrict
unit_pref	Metric
area_footnotes
area_total_km2	2,900.91
elevation_m	933
population_as_of	2020 census
population_footnotes
population_total	439931
population_density_km2	auto
timezone1	China Standard
utc_offset1	+8
postal_code_type	Postal code
postal_code	678400
area_code_type	Phone code
area_code	(0)692
website
::

| name = Mangshi | native_name = | native_name_lang = zh | translit_lang1 = Other | translit_lang1_type2 = Pinyin | translit_lang1_info2 = zh | translit_lang1_type3 = Tai Nuea | translit_lang1_info3 = | translit_lang1_type4 = Jingpho | translit_lang1_info4 = Mangshi Myu | translit_lang1_type5 = Burmese | translit_lang1_info5 = မန်စီ | translit_lang1_type6 = Thai | translit_lang1_info6 = เมืองข้อน | settlement_type = County-level city | image_skyline = {{multiple image |border = infobox |total_width = 280px |image_style = border:1; |perrow = 1/2/2 |image1 = 芒市天际线 - 2024-05-27 全景图.jpg |caption1 = Urban skyline |image2 = 菩提寺 - 2023-07-30.jpg |caption2 = Puti Temple |image3 = 勐焕大金塔01.jpg |caption3 = Mëng Xón Pagoda |image4 = 芒市广场-中缅友谊馆.jpg |caption4 = Mangshi Square |image5 = 芒市小礼堂 - 正立面 - 2025-05-14 01.jpg |caption5 = Mangshi Little Hall | etymology = Evolved form the ethnic name "" (Mangshi) | nickname = city of dawn | image_map = 芒市位置图.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location of Mangshi City in Dehong Prefecture within Yunnan province |pushpin_map = Yunnan#China |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Yunnan |pushpin_mapsize = 250 |coor_pinpoint = Mangshi government |coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = China | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Yunnan | subdivision_type2 = Autonomous Prefecture | subdivision_name2 = Dehong | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1996 | seat_type = Municipal seat | seat = Menghuan Subdistrict | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 2,900.91 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rural_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | elevation_m = 933 | population_as_of = 2020 census | population_footnotes = | population_total = 439931 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_demonym = | timezone1 = China Standard | utc_offset1 = +8 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 678400 | area_code_type = Phone code | area_code = (0)692 | iso_code = | website = | footnotes =

Mangshi (; ; Jingpho: Mangshi Myu), former name Luxi (), is a county-level city and the seat of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in western Yunnan province, China. Mangshi has an area of 2900.91 km2, with an urban area of 18.66 km2. Han Chinese, Dai people (Tai Nuea branch) and Jingpo people (Zaiwa branch) are the major ethnic groups. Luxi County was established in 1949, and became a county-level city in 1996.

Etymology

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/“芒市”城市门牌石.jpg" caption="A stone with "芒市" script on the north entry [[roundabout]] of the city"] ::

Mangshi was originally called Luxi (). The name "Luxi" originated in 1934 when the central government of Republic of China established the direct ruled government Luxi Administrative Bureau (潞西设治局). The name means "west of the Lu River," referring to "Lujiang" (潞江), another name for the Nujiang (Salween) River.

The name "Mangshi" evolved from the ancient tribal name Mangshi (茫施), which was used to refer to the ancestors of the De'ang people. The earliest known use of "Mangshi" as a place name appeared in 1443, in the tusi chiefdom title Mangshi Yuyi Zhangguansi (芒市御夷长官司).

Due to Mangshi's strategic importance as a stronghold in the China Burma India theater during World War II, and as the site where the Prime Ministers of China and Myanmar hosted the 1956 , the name "Mangshi" became far more widely recognized than "Luxi". Additionally, major local landmarks were commonly named using "Mangshi" rather than "Luxi", such as , Mangshi Airport, Mangshi Conference Hall, and Mangshi Square. As a result, many visiting merchants and travelers were familiar with "Mangshi" but not "Luxi". The limited recognition of the "Luxi" name hindered the city's development. In 2008, a public opinion survey in Luxi showed that among 4,751 respondents, 96.96% supported restoring the historical name "Mangshi". On July 12, 2010, the State Council of China approved the renaming of Luxi to Mangshi, and on December 29 of the same year, an official renaming ceremony was held at Mangshi Conference Hall.

Mangshi is the only county-level city in China with a two-character name where the second character (, shì, meaning "city") serves both as a proper noun and as a political division suffix.

In the Tai Nuea language, Mangshi is called Muang Khon (ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥩᥢᥴ, IPA: ), written in Chinese as "", meaning "City of Dawn."

The standard English transliteration of the city's name is "Mangshi" based on Hanyu Pinyin. Sometimes, the Wade-Giles romanization "Mangshih" is also used.

History

Prehistory–14th century

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/网格纹乳钉纹龙江型不对称铜钺_-_2025-05-13_02.jpg" caption="德宏州博物馆}}, which unearthed from [[Wuchalu Township]], Mangshi"] ::

In the late Neolithic period, human activity had already emerged within the Mangshi region. Archaeological sites from this period have been discovered in villages such as Mangbing (芒丙) and Huangjiazhai (黄家寨) in Zhongshan Township, which modern research identifies as part of the prehistoric culture of the ancestors of the De'ang people.

During the Bronze Age, the Mangshi area successively fell under the domains of the (滇越乘象国) and the . In 69 AD, Liu Mao (柳貌), the king of Ailao, led 77 tribal chieftains to pledge allegiance to the Han court. In response, the Han Dynasty established Yongchang Commandery in the former Ailao territory, with Mangshi falling under the jurisdiction of within the commandery. The Shu-Han regime maintained this administrative structure during the Three Kingdoms period. In 271 AD, it was reassigned to . In the Tang Dynasty, the Mangshi area was inhabited by the tribes, and the tribe name "Mangshi" (茫施) first appeared in historical records.

In the early 7th century, Mangshi was known as "Xieluo City" (些罗城) and was under the jurisdiction of Yongchang Jiedu (Military Command, 永昌节度) during the Nanzhao period. In the Dali Kingdom, it was called "Numou" (怒谋) and belonged to Yongchang Prefecture (永昌府). After the Yuan Dynasty conquered the Dali Kingdom, the was established in 1261, with Mangshi under its administration. In 1271, the Pacification Commission was divided into different Circuits, and Mangshi fell under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Circuit Appeasement Commission (东路安抚使), which renamed the Appeasement Commission (镇康路安抚使) in 1275. In 1276, it was separated from Zhenkang Circuit, and **** (茫施路) was established under the Pacification Commission's jurisdiction, marking the formal beginning of Mangshi's administrative status.

At the same time the Yuan Dynasty established Mangshi Circuit, it also set up in what is now Ruili City, which the Dai/Shan people refer the regime as Möng Mao. During the First Yuan-Burma War, Luchuan Circuit served as an important frontline base for the Yuan army, and the Yuan Dynasty exerted strong military control and political rule over Luchuan during the conflict. In 1302, after the Yuan Dynasty abandoned its campaign against Myanmar, the military and administrative officials withdrew to the inland, and thereafter, Luchuan's influence began to expand on a large scale. The Mangshi region was actually under the administration of the local power in Luchuan, and by the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it had effectively become independented from the central government. The battlefield of the Battle of Ngasaunggyan within First Yuan-Burma War may have been located along the banks of the Mangshi River in the Mangshi area.

14th century–1911

Ming dynasty

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/芒市土司衙门正门.jpg" caption="Headquarter of Mangshi Tusi Chiefdom, 1935"] ::

After the Ming Dynasty entered Yunnan, the administrative system announced in 1382 included **** (芒施府). However, it did not recognize Luchuan's expansion or its control over Mangshi, instead classifying Luchuan as just one of many prefectures and circuits in western Yunnan. This decision led to dissatisfaction in Luchuan, which soon went to war with the Ming central court before eventually surrendering. In 1399, after the death of , the Ming Dynasty initiated split Luchuan's territory, dismantling Luchuan's control and establishing multiple Tusi regimes. Mangshi, located near Luchuan's core region, remained under Luchuan's control during this time. Under Si Renfa’s rule, Luchuan once again expanded outward, prompting the Ming court to launch a military campaign against it, known in history as the "Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns".

In 1443, Si Jifa attacked Fangge (放革), a former Luchuan chief who had aligned with the Ming Dynasty and was the leader of Mangshi. Si Jifa was defeated by the Ming army, and in response, the Ming court established the Mangshi Yuyi Zhangguansi (, 芒市御夷长官司), placing it under the jurisdiction of the . Later, it was directly administered by the Yunnan Province.

Following the , the Ming court split the original Longchuan Tusi Chiefdom territory and established the (遮放副宣抚司) in 1584, headquartered in present-day Zhefang. In 1640, the Mangshi Yuyi Zhangguansi (upper-6th level) was upgraded to the Mangshi Appeasement Commission (lower-5th level, 芒市安抚司).

Qing dynasty

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/日军侵略中被战火毁坏的遮放土司署.png" caption="Headquarter of Zhefang Tusi Chiefdom destroyed by World War II"] ::

In 1656, the Yongli Emperor of the Southern Ming entered Yunnan and appealed to the Tusi chiefdoms to resist the Qing forces. Qing troops entered western Yunnan in 1658, and the Ganya Tusi of Yingjiang County led his forces to resist the Qing and assisted Emperor Yongli in fleeing to Burma, but his entire army was destroyed. In 1659, the Tusi chiefdoms of Dehong included Mangshi submitted to the Qing Dynasty, the new court retained their original positions, and were placed under the jurisdiction of .

After Hsinbyushin succeeded as the king of the Konbaung Dynasty, Burma, he launched several raids into Yunnan. The Qing–Burmese War broke out, and in 1764, the Viceroy of Yun-Gui set up military checkpoints at Santai Mountain (三台山) in Mangshi and at Mangkanqing (芒坎箐) in Zhefang, deploying troops for defense. In 1766, the Burmese army occupied Hsenwi State and Wanmaw State. The viceroy sent Wu-Er-Den (乌尔登) with 3,000 troops to Zhefang, while viceroy Mingrui personally led 10,000 troops to meet E'erdeng'e (额勒登额) in Hsenwi via Mangshi. By 1769, the conflict had ended, and Mangshi remained a key Qing military base, supplying over 30,000 Qing troops with a large amount of military provisions.

In 1770, was established, and both Mangshi and Zhefang were transferred under its administration from Yongchang Prefecture. In 1899, the Sino-British boundary demarcation of the Yunnan-Myanmar border resulted in the return of the Mengban region, which had been annexed by Hsenwi during the early Qing period. Due to its strategic importance, the was established to oversee the area.

1911–1949

In the Republic of China period, the Yunnan government appointed two "suppression commissars" (彈壓委員) to Mangban (芒板) and Zhemao (遮卯) within the Mangshi area in 1913. Mangban suppression commissar administered Mangshi Anfusi and Mengban Tuqianzong territories, and Zhemao suppression commissar administered Zhefang Xuanfusi and Mengmao Anfusi (勐卯安撫司, in Ruili) territories. The two suppression commissars were replaced by an administrative commissar (行政委員) in 1915, and a district named Mangzheban Administrative District (芒遮板行政區) was established. At the same time, Mengmao Anfusi was separated from the district, thus forming the boundaries of modern Mangshi. As a transition before formally establishing a county, Yunnan government set a Shezhiju (設治局, similar to a governing council) in Mangshi area named Mangzheban Shezhiju (芒遮板設治局) replacing Mangzheban District in 1929. The Administrative Bureau is a quasi-county level administrative division. Mengga is the seat of the bureau. It changed the name to Luxi Shezhiju (潞西設治局) in 1934. The Imperial Japanese Army occupied Luxi on 4May 1942 and retreated on 11 December 1944 when Counterattack of Western Yunnan started. In 1949, Luxi Administrative Bureau finally became Luxi County (潞西县), with the seat of county government at the town of Mangshi, and the first county magistrate was the acting Tusi Fang Kesheng (方克胜). The Tusi system and the central bureaucracy still coexisted.

1949–present

Fang Kesheng refused to join People's Republic of China, preferring to remain neutral. Eventually the People's Liberation Army advanced into Luxi in April 1950, and Fang Kesheng fled to Taiwan. His brother Fang Keguang succeeded be the acting tusi, and cooperated with the Chinese Communist Party. The three tusi were killed during the land reform movement in 1955. Luxi County became Luxi City (county-level city) in 1996, and changed the name to Mangshi City in 2010.

Geography

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/芒市河03.jpg" caption="[[Mangshi River"] ::

Mangshi has an area of 2900.91 km2. There are two main plains in Mangshi named Mangshi Ba (芒市坝) and Zhefang Ba (遮放坝). The city of Mangshi is situated at the east of Mangshi Ba. Mountains are the primary landforms of Mangshi, making up approximately 84.48% of the territory. Mount Qingkou (箐口山) is the city's highest point, with an altitude of 2,889.1 meters. Manxin River's (曼辛河) estuary (at Salween River) is the lowest point, with an altitude of 528 metres in Zhongshan Township. The mountains are branches of western Gaoligong Mountains.

Mangshi River is the "mother river" of Mangshi, and has a drainage basin of 1881 km2, about 61.3% of area of Mangshi. Longchuan River (龙川江) is the border river between Mangshi and Lianghe County and Longchuan County on the north and west. Salween River on the southeast tip of Mangshi marks the international border between Mangshi and Myanmar's Shan State.

Climate

Administrative divisions

Mangshi currently comprises 12 administrative township-level subdivisions including one subdistrict, five towns and six townships.{{cite web |url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/ |title = 国家统计局 |publisher = National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China |language = zh |access-date = 2021-12-07}}

::data[format=table] | Name | Name in Chinese | Code | Founded | Area (km2) | Population 2010 Census | Density | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Menghuan Subdistrict | 勐焕街道 | 533103001 | 2008 | 23.15 | 99,970 | 4318.36 | | Mangshi Town | 芒市镇 | 533103101 | 1936 | 349.5 | 46,353 | 132.63 | | Zhefang Town | 遮放镇 | 533103102 | 1936 | 422 | 51,477 | 121.98 | | Mengga Town | 勐戛镇 | 533103103 | 1936 | 389 | 24,344 | 62.58 | | Manghai Town | 芒海镇 | 533103104 | 1988 | 105 | 5,641 | 53.72 | | Fengping Town | 风平镇 | 533103105 | 1998 | 381 | 69,586 | 182.64 | | Xuangang Township | 轩岗乡 | 533103201 | 1936 | 163.7 | 21,501 | 131.34 | | Jiangdong Township | 江东乡 | 533103202 | 1988 | 220.8 | 25,240 | 114.31 | | Xishan Township | 西山乡 | 533103203 | 1988 | 257 | 12,296 | 47.84 | | Zhongshan Township | 中山乡 | 533103204 | 1988 | 278 | 10,170 | 36.58 | | Santaishan Palaung Ethnic Township | 三台山德昂族乡 | 533103205 | 1988 | 158 | 7,068 | 44.73 | | Wuchalu Township | 五岔路乡 | 533103206 | 1988 | 202 | 16,245 | 80.42 | ::

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/中国建设银行德宏州分行.jpg" caption="[[China Construction Bank]] Dehong branch company in north of city"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/芒海镇-农田06.jpg" caption="Paddy field close town of [[Manghai"] ::

As of 2016, Mangshi's nominal GDP was CN¥ 9.628 billion, about 0.65% of the province's GDP, ranking 44th among county-level administrative units in Yunnan; its nominal GDP per capita was CN¥ 23,307, 66th in the province, lower than Yunnan average (CN¥ 30,949).

In 1958, Yunnan government regulated trade in border areas, and the town of Mangshi was excluded from the zone of border trade. In 1980, province government opened Manghai (芒海), Mangbing (芒丙) and Xiaogai (小街) as border trade markets. After Hu Yaobang, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party inspected Dehong prefecture in 1985, Mangshi abolished all border checkpoints, and made the whole territory a border trade zone. The border trade and other tertiary sectors was prosperous in the 1990s. The proportion of three industrial sectors in 1978 was 65.6 : 16.3 : 18.1, and in 2016, 23.2 : 20.5 : 56.3.

Asian rice, sugarcane, tea, coffee, macadamia nut and fruits (banana, pineapple, mango, jackfruit etc.) are the main agricultural products of Mangshi, especially coffee. Mangshi has 19,056 ha. of paddy field, 9,165 ha. of sugarcane field, 7,504 ha. of macadamia forest, 5,870 ha. of coffee field and 5,469 ha. of fruit field in 2018. Asian Coffee Association was established at Mangshi in 2017. 13 countries are members of the association. Hogood Coffee is the largest domestic instant coffee producer in China, and the 10th largest civilian-run enterprise of Yunnan.

Population

|type=China |percentages = pagr |1919|49,105 |1932|39,618 |1947|50,832 |1953|109,718 |1964|152,763 |1982|244,411 |1990|292,183 |2000|337,406 |2010|389,891 |footnote = Source: Annals of Luxi County etc. |}}

In 2016, Mangshi had a total population of 415,700 over the whole county-level city, of which 171.2 thousand resided in the city core, the subdistrict of Menghuan.

According to the 2010 census, Mangshi has 204,083 Han citizens, 52.34% of total population. Other main ethnicities are Dai and Jingpo, which has a population with 132,421 and 29,208. Mangshi has the largest number of Palaung people in any county-level subdivision of China, with a population of 9,986, which mainly live in Santaishan Palaung Ethnic Township.Other major area of Palaung people in China: Zhenkang County (2,374), Ruili City (1,783), Longchuan County (1,454), Gengma County (1,158), Longyang District (1,075)

Historically, Dai people lived in the plains. Jingpo people immigrated to the mountains from the Tibetan Plateau in the 16th century. Han Chinese became the majority because of the Ming conquest of Yunnan and several Sino-Burmese wars, and the subsequent stationing of Chinese army in the area.

Culture

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/五云寺_-正殿-_2023-07-30.jpg" caption="460}}"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/弄丘村目脑纵歌场01.jpg" caption="Zhefang]]."] ::

Dai people in Mangshi speak Tai Nuea language, while Jingpo people speak Zaiwa and Jingpho. Zaiwa is the most populous branch of Jingpo in Mangshi.

Almost all the Dai and Palaung people follows Theravada Buddhism. Many villages have their own Buddhist temple, called "Zhuangfang" () or "Miansi" (). They are the center for religion activities and education, and also the entertainment venues for villagers. Expenditure of the temple and the monk life costs are paid by the villagers. An average Dai farmer spends one-fifth of his annual income for religion-related activities in 1988. In Jingpo folk religion, various gods as well as ancestral spirits are worshipped.

Water-Sprinkling Festival (in Thailand called "Songkran") and Manau are the grandest festivals of the Dai and Jingpo. They are both statutory holidays in Dehong Prefecture. The 15,000-capacity Dehong Stadium, a football stadium, is also used for cultural events.

Transport

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/G320国道芒市段01.jpg" caption="G320 Highway]] in Mangshi"] ::

Tusi Fang Keming (方克明) of Mangshi and Duo Jianxun (多建勋) of Zhefang built a road linking Mangshi and Wanding in 1926. An Indian engineer was invited to design the route. The road was completed in 1931, and became a part of the Burma Road in 1937. In modern China National Highways network, this road is part of G320 Highway. Longling-Ruili Expressway opened on 31 December 2015, and is the first expressway of Mangshi. It forms part of G56 Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway and AH14. A provincial highway, Mangshi-Lianghe Expressway is currently under construction. Another provincial expressway, Ruili-Menglian Expressway, is planned.

Although Mangshi has a 68.23 km-long borderline with Myanmar, it has no national port of entry. There are three border crossing without customs control into Myanmar serving the locals. They are Manghai (芒海), Zhongshan (中山) and Bangda (邦达). Manghai links Mong Ko in Myanmar, also known as Monekoe.

Dali–Ruili railway is under construction, with two stations in Mangshi: Mangshi and Mangshi West.

Dehong Mangshi International Airport is the only airport in Dehong Prefecture. It saw 1,652,533 passengers and 13,982 flights in 2017.

Society

|image1=德宏州体育运动中心-体育场01.jpg|caption1=Dehong Sports Center |image2=德宏师范高等专科学校-晨曦广场.jpg|caption2=Square and the library of Dehong Teachers' College

Dehong Sports Center is located on the west of Mangshi, with a 21,000-capacity stadium, a 3,200-capacity basketball gym, a 2,150-capacity aquatics center, a 6-courts tennis gym and other outdoor sports fields. The sports center was built in 2008, and has a building area of 36,813.49m2.

Dehong People's Hospital is a Tertiary B-level hospital established in 1954 in southeast of Mangshi. It has 1,200 beds and the service area covered up Dehong, Longling, Tengchong and part of Myanmar.

Dehong Teachers' College (德宏师范高等专科学校) is the main higher education college of Dehong, established in 2006. It is a technical college but under the working for upgrade to an undergraduate education university. Many Burmese students are studying abroad in the college.

Dehong's media is multilingual, reflecting its diverse ethnic makeup. Dehong TV Station was established in 1991, with programs in Chinese, Tai Nuea, Jingpho and Zaiwa. Dehong TV Station is the only TV station that uses four languages in China. Dehong Unity News (德宏团结报) is the official newspaper of Dehong Prefecture Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. The newspaper using five languages: Chinese, Tai Nuea, Jingpho, Zaiwa and Lisu. It is the only newspaper that uses five languages in China. Pauk-Phaw, the first Burmese newspaper of China, was founded in Mangshi in 2015 and is published by Dehong Unity Newspaper office. It serves the 50,000 Burmese who live in China.

Tourism

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/芒市树包塔_-整体-_2025-05-14_02.jpg" caption="Tiecheng Stupa"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/勐巴娜西珍奇园-正门.jpg" caption="Mengbanaxi Exotics Garden"] ::

3.3 million tourists visited Mangshi in 2015, and generated a tourism income of CN¥ 5.09 billion for the city. Puti Temple, Wuyun Temple and Foguang Temple are well known Buddhist temples in Mangshi. Tiecheng Stupa, Fengping Stupa and Menghuan Pagoda are well known Buddhist pagodas. Tiecheng Pagoda, also known as "Shubao Pagoda" (), was built in Qianlong era, Qing dynasty. A seed fell in the crack of the pagoda about 200 years ago, and now, the pagoda is wrapped by the bodhi tree. Mengbanaxi Exotics Garden, a garden for valuable ancient trees and tree fossils, is the only AAAA state-level tourist destination of Mangshi.

Friendly cities

Mangshi currently maintains friendship agreements with the following foreign

ROK Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea

Notes

References

Bibliography

References

Li Cheng (李赪). (2012). China Statistics Press
(August 2025). "德宏州第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报". Government of Dehong Prefecture.
link. Yunnan Xinhua. (2010-07-23)
link. (2016-06-29). Mangshi government
(2010-07-24). "中缅边境名城云南潞西市将更名为"芒市"". 中国新闻网.
项陆才. (2010-07-23). "云南潞西更名为芒市原名认可度小制约发展". 春城晚报.
罗旭. (2010-09-29). "有"孔雀之乡"之称的云南潞西市更名为芒市". 人民网.
魏银霞. (2010-09-28). "云南省德宏州州府潞西市正式更名为"芒市"". 孔雀之乡网.
"About Dehong - Administrative divisions". China Daily.
{{Harvnb. Syatauw. 1961
(2019-02-07). "'FLOWER DRUM SONG' AUTHOR C.Y. LEE DIES AT 102". www.rafu.com.
云南省潞西县志编纂委员会. (1993). Yunnan Education Publishing House
德宏州政协文史和学习委. (1997). Dehong Nationalities Publishing House
Ministry of Civil Affairs. (2016). China Social Publisher
(1986)
(2013-09-24). "Mangshi River". Dehong.Gov.
China Water&Power Press. (2010)
德宏傣族景颇族自治州志编纂委员会. (1994). Dehong Nationalities Publishing House
link. [[China Meteorological Administration]]
link. [[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]
China Statistics Press. (2012)
德宏史志编纂委员会. Dehong Nationalities Publishing House. (1997)
《德宏改革开放30年》编委会. Dehong Nationalities Publishing House. (2008)
link. Liu Xiangyuan (刘祥元). (2018-03-29)
(2017-12-04). "The Asian Coffee Association established in Mangshi". Dehong Government.
(2017-11-28). "Vietnam joins management board of Asian Coffee Association". THE VOICE OF VIETNAM ONLINE.
"Case Study".
link. Zhao Gang (赵岗). (2018-08-02)
link. [[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]
Luo Jinzhong (罗进忠). (2012). China Statistics Press
link. (2018-03-26). Mangshi government
Zhang Fangyuan (张方元). Yunnan People's Publishing House. (2000)
link. (2018-03-17)
德宏傣族景颇族自治州交通局. Yunnan National Publisher. (1999)
link. (2016-01-01). Yunnan Daily Newspaper
link. Cui Wen (崔汶). (2017-03-30). [[China News Service]]
link. Wang Lei (王磊). (2017-12-05)
Yang Hong. [[Yunnan University]] Press. (2015)
link. (2018-03-19). Dehong Prefecture People's Government
link. (2018-01-31). [[Civil Aviation Administration of China]]
link. (2018-04-18). Sports Dehong
link. Dehong People's Hospital
link. (2018-03-12). Dehong People's PCC
link. (2018-04-27). Dehong Prefecture People's Government
link. Yao Bing (姚兵). (2015-12-06). [[Xinhua News Agency]]
Zi Yan. (2012). "Famous Temples in China". Huangshan Publishing House.
《德宏傣族景颇族自治州概况》编写组. [[Publishing House of Minority Nationalities]]. (2008)
"Mengbanaxi Exotic Garden Travel Guide". Discover China Tours.
link. (2014-10-19). 芒市人大常委会

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::