Mandibulata

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Clade of arthropods

title: "Mandibulata" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["arthropod-taxonomy"] description: "Clade of arthropods" topic_path: "general/arthropod-taxonomy" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibulata" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Clade of arthropods ::

| fossil_range = | image = Bullant head detail.jpg | image_caption = The mandibles of a bull ant | image2 = Odaraia.png | image2_caption = Life restoration of Odaraia, an early mandibulate belonging to Hymenocarina with mandibles present near the mouth | taxon = Mandibulata | authority = de Clairville, 1798 | subdivision_ranks = Subdivisions | subdivision = *Pancrustacea (including hexapods)

The clade Mandibulata constitutes one of the major subdivisions of the phylum Arthropoda, alongside Chelicerata. Mandibulates include the myriapods (centipedes and millipedes, among others), and the pancrustaceans (including all true insects). The name "Mandibulata" refers to the mandibles, a modified pair of limbs used in food processing, the presence of which are characteristic of most members of the group.

The mandibulates are divided between the extant groups Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes, among others) and Pancrustacea (including crustaceans and hexapods, the latter group containing insects). Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the living arthropods are related as shown in the cladogram below. Crustaceans do not form a monophyletic group as insects and other hexapods have evolved from within them.

A number of extinct groups have also been placed in Mandibulata, including Hymenocarina, Euthycarcinoidea, and Fuxianhuiida.

Cladogram after O’Flynn et al, 2023:{{clade|{{clade |1="Gilled lobopodians" (Pambdelurion, Kerygmachela)[[File:20191022_Kerygmachela_kierkegaardi_without_lobopods.png|100px]] |2={{clade |1=Opabinia [[File:20191108_Opabinia_regalis.png|100px]] |2={{clade |1=Radiodonta (e.g Anomalocaris) [[File:20191203_Anomalocaris_canadensis.png|100 px]] |label2=Deuteropoda |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Kylinxia [[File:20210310_Kylinxia_zhangi.png|100px]] |2=Fengzhengia [[File:Fengzhengia.png|100px]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Kiisortoqia [[File:Kiisortoqia.png|100px]] |2=Bushizheia [[File:Bushizheia.png|100px]] |label2=Total group Chelicerata |2={{clade |1=Megacheira [[File:20191020_Yohoia_tenuis.png|100 px]] |2={{clade |1=Habeliida [[File:Habelia reconstruction from Aria & Caron 2017 modified.png|100px]] |2={{clade |1=Mollisonia [[File:20191003_Mollisonia_plenovenatrix_side.png|100px]] |2=Chelicerata (horseshoe crabs, sea spiders, arachnids, etc) [[File:20200813_Lunataspis_aurora.png|100px]] |3={{clade |1={{clade |1="Great appendage bivalved forms" (Occacaris, Forfexicaris) |2=Isoxyida [[File:Artistic_reconstruction_of_Isoxys_curvirostratus.jpg|100 px]] |2={{clade |1=Artiopoda (including Trilobita) [[File:Estonian Museum of Natural History - trilobite - Hydrocephalus.png|100 px]] |label2=Mandibulata |2={{clade |1=Fuxianhuiida [[File:20211117_Alacaris_mirabilis.png|100 px]] |2={{clade |1=Myriapoda (millipedes, centipedes, etc) [[File:Scolopendra multidens 広西省産.jpg|100px]] |2={{clade |1=Hymenocarina [[File:20211025_Waptia_fieldensis.png|100px]] |2=Pancrustacea (crustaceans, insects, etc)

Taxonomic history

The name "Mandibulata" was originally used for a subgroup of insects by Joseph Philippe de Clairville in 1798. In the 1930s, Robert Evans Snodgrass used the name to encompass myriapods, hexapods and crustaceans, which he considered to be united by a number of morphological similarities, including but not limited to the presence of mandibles. This proposal was contested by some other 20th century scholars, who considered mandibles the result of convergent evolution, though the existence of Mandibulata is now widely accepted based on genetic evidence.

References

References

  1. Izquierdo-López, Alejandro. (August 2024). "The Cambrian Odaraia alata and the colonization of nektonic suspension-feeding niches by early mandibulates". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
  2. (2020). "Aquatic stem group myriapods close a gap between molecular divergence dates and terrestrial fossil record". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
  3. Aria, Cédric. (September 2021). "Fuxianhuiids are mandibulates and share affinities with total-group Myriapoda". Journal of the Geological Society.
  4. (August 2023). "The early Cambrian Kylinxia zhangi and evolution of the arthropod head". Current Biology.
  5. Schellenberg, Johann Rudolf. (1798). "Helvetische Entomologie, oder, Verzeichniss der schweizerischen Insekten nach einer neuen Methode geordnet : mit Beschreibungen und Abbildungen". Bei Orell, Füssli und Compagnie.
  6. SNODGRASS, R. E. 1938. Evolution of the Annelida, Onychophora, and Arthropoda. ''Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections'' '''97:''' 1–159.
  7. Edgecombe, G.D. ∙ Richter, S. ∙ Wilson, G.D.F. [https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/EJC84510 The mandibular gnathal edges: Homologous structures throughout Mandibulata?] ''Afr. Invertebr.'' 2003; '''44''':115-135
  8. Giribet, Gonzalo. (June 17, 2019). "The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods". Current Biology.
  9. (2010). "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". [[Nature (journal).
  10. (2011). "Pancrustacean phylogeny in the light of new phylogenomic data: support for Remipedia as the possible sister group of Hexapoda". [[Molecular Biology and Evolution]].
  11. (2011). "A congruent solution to arthropod phylogeny: phylogenomics, microRNAs and morphology support monophyletic Mandibulata". [[Proceedings of the Royal Society B]].

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arthropod-taxonomy