Luleå

Place in Norrbotten, Sweden


title: "Luleå" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["luleå", "county-seats-in-sweden", "populated-places-in-luleå-municipality", "norrbotten", "coastal-cities-and-towns-in-sweden", "municipal-seats-of-norrbotten-county", "swedish-municipal-seats", "cities-in-sweden"] description: "Place in Norrbotten, Sweden" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luleå" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Place in Norrbotten, Sweden ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
official_nameLuleå
native_nameLuleju
Luulaja
settlement_typeCity
image_skylineLulea-city-festival-water.jpg
image_captionLuleå, 2014
pushpin_mapSweden Norrbotten#Sweden
pushpin_label_positionleft
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameSweden
subdivision_type1Province
subdivision_type2County
subdivision_type3Municipality
subdivision_name1Norrbotten
subdivision_name2Norrbotten County
subdivision_name3Luleå Municipality
established_title3Charter
established_date317th century
area_footnotes
area_total_km229.09
elevation_m6
population_as_of31 December 2018
population_footnotes
population_density_km2auto
population_metro77832
postal_code_typePostal code
postal_code971 00 – 978 20
area_code(+46) 920
website
timezoneCET
utc_offset+1
timezone_DSTCEST
utc_offset_DST+2
::

| official_name = Luleå | native_name = Luleju Luulaja | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Lulea-city-festival-water.jpg | image_caption = Luleå, 2014 | image_shield = | pushpin_map = Sweden Norrbotten#Sweden | pushpin_label_position = left | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Sweden | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_type3 = Municipality | subdivision_name1 = Norrbotten | subdivision_name2 = Norrbotten County | subdivision_name3 = Luleå Municipality | established_title3 = Charter | established_date3 = 17th century | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 29.09 | elevation_m = 6 | population_as_of = 31 December 2018 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 77832 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 971 00 – 978 20 | area_code = (+46) 920 | website = | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2

Luleå ( , , locally ; ; Finnish and Meänkieli: Luulaja) is a city on the coast of northern Sweden, and the capital of Norrbotten County, the northernmost county in Sweden. Luleå has 48,728 inhabitants in its urban core as of 2018 and is the seat of Luleå Municipality with a total population of about 80,000 as of 2025. Luleå is Sweden's 25th largest city and Norrbotten County's largest city. Luleå is considered as the world's largest brackish water archipelago with 1,312 islands, several rivers and vast forestland.

Luleå has the seventh biggest harbour in Sweden for shipping goods. It has a large steel industry and is a centre for extensive research. It is also home to the Swedish Air Force Wing Norrbotten Wing (F 21) based in Luleå Airport. Luleå University of Technology is one of Sweden's three technology universities with around 15,000 students and is the northernmost university in Sweden.

History

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Suecia_2-073_;_Luleå_Civitas_Nova.jpg" caption="An engraving of Luleå New Town from ''[[Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna]]''. The most prominent buildings are the church and the town hall."] ::

The town's Royal charter was granted in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. The original town was situated where Gammelstad (Old Town) is situated today. The town had to be moved in 1649 to the current site, due to the post-glacial rebound that had made the bay too shallow for ships to enter.[[File:Nederluleå kyrka 2.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Gammelstad church]]

In 1805, Luleå only had 947 inhabitants, but in 1865 Luleå succeeded Piteå as the county town in Norrbotten county and now had around 1400 residents. In the 1860s the industries also started taking root in the city.

The town was plagued by fires in 1653, 1657 and 1887, and the fire in 1887 was a devastating fire that destroyed most of the town, sparing only a few buildings. The Neo-Gothic Cathedral (originally the Oscar Fredrik church), dedicated in 1893, standing at 67 meters (220 ft), is the tallest building in town.

Geography

Residential areas

[[Urban areas in Sweden|Localities]]

  • Bergnäset
  • Gammelstaden
  • Karlsvik ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Luleå_stadsbild,_2019.jpg" caption="Luleå centrum, "Varvet""] ::

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Lulea_industry.jpg" caption="Industrial district of Luleå"] ::

Luleå's commerce and industry are a mix of industry, research, education, trade, and services.

Major employers in the city are the SSAB steelworks and Luleå University of Technology. A Swedish Air Force wing, F 21 (or Norrbotten Air Force Wing), is stationed near Luleå at the neighbouring Luleå Airport. Other major employers include Ferruform (a subsidiary of Scania AB) and Gestamp HardTech (acquired from SSAB 2005-01-01).

IT industry

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Lulea_Facebook_datacenter_building.jpg" caption="A Facebook datacenter building in Luleå"] ::

The information technology industry in Luleå has about 2000 employees (2008).

Luleå is the home of several major innovations and technological milestones.

  • Broadcast radio: RDS, DAB, DARC (1992–1997)
  • The Luleå algorithm for routing (1997)
  • Living Labs: leading European service testbed with 6000 users (2001–)
  • Marratech: pioneers in Internet-based E-meetings (1998–) – acquired by Google, releasing in November 2008 video-chat support in Gmail
  • Arena project, IT in Sports: sensors, handheld wireless video (1999–2002)
  • Estreet project: First large-scale mobile marketing experiment (2000)
  • On 27 October 2011, Facebook announced it would locate its first data center outside of the United States in Luleå. The whole facility is made up by a set of three 28,000 m2 buildings. The first building was to be operational in 2012. The establishment will help turn the Luleå region into a major node for European data traffic. The town's northern location and that it will become a hub for data traffic in Europe has generated a new epithet for the Luleå region – The Node Pole. The Node Pole region provides stable, low-cost electricity that is 100-percent derived from renewable sources. In addition, they cite the benefits of low cooling expenses, given that the region is one of the coolest in Sweden. Sweden's long political stability is cited as another long-term benefit of the Node Pole's location.

Climate

Luleå has a subarctic climate (Dfc) with short, mild to warm summers and long, cold, snowy winters.

Luleå's climate is influenced both by the North Atlantic and the proximity to the Gulf of Bothnia and it has a milder climate than most cities on the same latitude and even some that are further south in Canada, Alaska, Northeast China and Siberia. During the summer in June and July the temperature in Luleå can some days rise to around 30 C. Summers are very bright, with marginal twilight being the only exception during the summer solstice.

From September to March, northern lights can be seen if the sky is clear.

|location = Luleå, 1991–2020 averages; extremes since 1944; sunshine hours and snow depth 2002-2020 |collapsed = |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 10.3 |Feb record high C = 9.8 |Mar record high C = 13.4 |Apr record high C = 18.1 |May record high C = 28.4 |Jun record high C = 32.2 |Jul record high C = 32.1 |Aug record high C = 29.2 |Sep record high C = 22.5 |Oct record high C = 16.9 |Nov record high C = 13.0 |Dec record high C = 8.5 |year record high C = 32.2 |Jan high C = -4.6 |Feb high C = -4.8 |Mar high C = 0.0 |Apr high C = 5.1 |May high C = 11.8 |Jun high C = 17.2 |Jul high C = 20.5 |Aug high C = 18.4 |Sep high C = 13.1 |Oct high C = 5.8 |Nov high C = 0.2 |Dec high C = -2.8 |year high C = |Jan mean C = -8.7 |Feb mean C = -9.1 |Mar mean C = -4.4 |Apr mean C = 1.0 |May mean C = 7.3 |Jun mean C = 13.0 |Jul mean C = 16.5 |Aug mean C = 14.6 |Sep mean C = 9.5 |Oct mean C = 2.7 |Nov mean C = -2.9 |Dec mean C = -6.5 |year mean C = 2.8 |Jan low C = -12.8 |Feb low C = -13.4 |Mar low C = -8.8 |Apr low C = -3.1 |May low C = 2.7 |Jun low C = 8.8 |Jul low C = 12.4 |Aug low C = 10.9 |Sep low C = 5.9 |Oct low C = -0.3 |Nov low C = -5.9 |Dec low C = -10.2 |year low C = -1.1 |Jan record low C = -42.3 |Feb record low C = -38.2 |Mar record low C = -32.3 |Apr record low C = -20.4 |May record low C = -8.8 |Jun record low C = -1.2 |Jul record low C = 3.2 |Aug record low C = -0.2 |Sep record low C = -8.4 |Oct record low C = -20.7 |Nov record low C = -30.3 |Dec record low C = -33.7 |year record low C = -42.3 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 49.8 |Feb precipitation mm = 34.6 |Mar precipitation mm = 31.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 30.6 |May precipitation mm = 41.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 61.6 |Jul precipitation mm = 68.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 66.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 59.6 |Oct precipitation mm = 55.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 53.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 49.0 |year precipitation mm = | unit precipitation days = 1 mm | Jan precipitation days =10 | Feb precipitation days =8.6 | Mar precipitation days =7.5 | Apr precipitation days =6.5 | May precipitation days =6.9 | Jun precipitation days =8.5 | Jul precipitation days =9.1 | Aug precipitation days =8.8 | Sep precipitation days =8.2 | Oct precipitation days =9.2 | Nov precipitation days =10.1 | Dec precipitation days =10.5 | year precipitation days = |snow colour = green |Jan snow depth cm = 55 |Feb snow depth cm = 72 |Mar snow depth cm = 75 |Apr snow depth cm = 64 |May snow depth cm = 0 |Jun snow depth cm = 0 |Jul snow depth cm = 0 |Aug snow depth cm = 0 |Sep snow depth cm = 0 |Oct snow depth cm = 5 |Nov snow depth cm = 16 |Dec snow depth cm = 30 |year snow depth cm = 79 |Jan sun = 21 |Feb sun = 78 |Mar sun = 172 |Apr sun = 225 |May sun = 289 |Jun sun = 305 |Jul sun = 310 |Aug sun = 245 |Sep sun = 154 |Oct sun = 92 |Nov sun = 38 |Dec sun = 3 |year sun = | Jan light = 5 | Feb light = 8.4 | Mar light = 11.8 | Apr light = 15.4 | May light = 19.2 | Jun light = 22.5 | Jul light = 20.5 | Aug light = 16.6 | Sep light = 13.1 | Oct light = 9.6 | Nov light = 6 | Dec light = 3.5 | year light= | Jan uv =1 | Feb uv =1 | Mar uv =1 | Apr uv =2 | May uv =3 | Jun uv =4 | Jul uv =5 | Aug uv =4 | Sep uv =3 | Oct uv =2 | Nov uv =1 | Dec uv =1 | year uv =

|source 1 = SMHI{{cite web |url = https://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer/#param=precipitationMonthlySum,stations=all,stationid=162860 |title = SMHI Open Data for Luleå |language = sv |access-date = 31 May 2021 |publisher = Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute |archive-date = 11 April 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190411092753/https://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer#param=precipitationMonthlySum,stations=all,stationid=162860 |url-status = dead |source 2 = Climates to travel{{cite web |url = https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/sweden/lulea |title = Climates to travel |language = en |access-date = 19 May 2024 ::data[format=table]

Average sea temperatures and daily daylight hours in LuleåMonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYearAverage sea temperature °C (°F)Source: Weather Atlas
-0.3
-0.7
-0.2
0.4
3.1
10.8
16.3
15.7
11.8
7.6
5.0
2.8
5.9
::

|location = Luleå Airport, 2002–2020 averages; extremes since 1944 |collapsed = Yes |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 10.3 |Feb record high C = 9.8 |Mar record high C = 13.4 |Apr record high C = 18.1 |May record high C = 28.4 |Jun record high C = 32.2 |Jul record high C = 32.1 |Aug record high C = 29.2 |Sep record high C = 22.5 |Oct record high C = 16.9 |Nov record high C = 13.0 |Dec record high C = 8.5 |year record high C = 32.2 |Jan avg record high C = 4.0 |Feb avg record high C = 5.3 |Mar avg record high C = 8.7 |Apr avg record high C = 13.3 |May avg record high C = 21.4 |Jun avg record high C = 24.3 |Jul avg record high C = 26.7 |Aug avg record high C = 24.1 |Sep avg record high C = 18.8 |Oct avg record high C = 12.5 |Nov avg record high C = 7.2 |Dec avg record high C = 5.3 |year avg record high C = 27.8 |Jan high C = -5.2 |Feb high C = -4.5 |Mar high C = 0.2 |Apr high C = 5.6 |May high C = 12.3 |Jun high C = 17.4 |Jul high C = 20.5 |Aug high C = 18.7 |Sep high C = 13.4 |Oct high C = 5.9 |Nov high C = 0.6 |Dec high C = -2.0 |year high C = |Jan mean C = -9.1 |Feb mean C = -8.7 |Mar mean C = -4.2 |Apr mean C = 1.5 |May mean C = 7.7 |Jun mean C = 13.3 |Jul mean C = 16.6 |Aug mean C = 15.0 |Sep mean C = 9.9 |Oct mean C = 2.9 |Nov mean C = -2.4 |Dec mean C = -5.6 |year mean C = |Jan low C = -13.0 |Feb low C = -12.9 |Mar low C = -8.5 |Apr low C = -2.6 |May low C = 3.1 |Jun low C = 9.1 |Jul low C = 12.6 |Aug low C = 11.2 |Sep low C = 6.3 |Oct low C = -0.2 |Nov low C = -5.4 |Dec low C = -9.1 |year low C = |Jan avg record low C = -26.6 |Feb avg record low C = -25.7 |Mar avg record low C = -20.1 |Apr avg record low C = -10.2 |May avg record low C = -3.1 |Jun avg record low C = 3.5 |Jul avg record low C = 7.3 |Aug avg record low C = 4.3 |Sep avg record low C = -0.9 |Oct avg record low C = -9.7 |Nov avg record low C = -15.8 |Dec avg record low C = -21.2 |year avg record low C = -29.2 |Jan record low C = -42.3 |Feb record low C = -38.2 |Mar record low C = -32.3 |Apr record low C = -20.4 |May record low C = -8.8 |Jun record low C = -1.2 |Jul record low C = 3.2 |Aug record low C = -0.2 |Sep record low C = -8.4 |Oct record low C = -20.7 |Nov record low C = -30.3 |Dec record low C = -33.7 |year record low C = -42.3 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 57.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 36.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 30.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 31.3 |May precipitation mm = 45.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 65.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 67.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 69.5 |Sep precipitation mm = 66.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 52.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 52.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 56.3 |year precipitation mm = |snow colour = green |Jan snow depth cm = 55 |Feb snow depth cm = 72 |Mar snow depth cm = 75 |Apr snow depth cm = 64 |May snow depth cm = 0 |Jun snow depth cm = 0 |Jul snow depth cm = 0 |Aug snow depth cm = 0 |Sep snow depth cm = 0 |Oct snow depth cm = 5 |Nov snow depth cm = 16 |Dec snow depth cm = 30 |year snow depth cm = 79 |Jan sun = 21 |Feb sun = 78 |Mar sun = 172 |Apr sun = 225 |May sun = 289 |Jun sun = 305 |Jul sun = 310 |Aug sun = 245 |Sep sun = 154 |Oct sun = 92 |Nov sun = 38 |Dec sun = 3 |year sun = |source 1 = SMHI{{cite web |url = http://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/temperatur/2.1240 |title = Statistik från väder och vatten – Månads och årsstatistik |language = sv |access-date = 31 May 2021 |publisher = Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute |archive-date = 2 May 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190502092934/http://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/temperatur/2.1240 |url-status = dead |source 2 = SMHI{{cite web |url = https://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer/#param=precipitationMonthlySum,stations=all,stationid=162860 |title = SMHI Open Data for Luleå |language = sv |access-date = 31 May 2021 |publisher = Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute |archive-date = 11 April 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190411092753/https://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/ladda-ner-meteorologiska-observationer#param=precipitationMonthlySum,stations=all,stationid=162860 |url-status = dead

Media

Newspapers include:

Transportation

Luleå became a transport hub in the region for ore, steel and freight, with trans-shipping between road, ship and rail.

Public transport

Public transport in Luleå is operated by Luleå Lokaltrafik and consists of five main bus lines, an additional five bus lines, and direct connection bus traffic and night bus service. From Luleå Bus station, Länstrafiken i Norrbotten operates several regional bus lines within Norrbotten County.

Air

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Lulea_airport.jpg" caption="Luleå/Kallax Airport"] ::

Luleå/Kallax Airport (IATA: LLA, ICAO: ESPA), located 7 km (5 mi) south of the city centre, is the fifth largest airport in Sweden, with about 1.2 million yearly passengers. It is the largest airport in Norrland. The domestic route to Stockholm Arlanda Airport is the third busiest domestic route in Sweden with over 1 million passengers per year. There are about 15 daily flights to and from Stockholm. Luleå Lokaltrafik operates connections to and from Luleå/Kallax Airport via lines 4 and 104.

In total, there are seven scheduled destinations and about 15 additional charter destinations. The Stockholm Arlanda Airport route is operated by Scandinavian Airlines and Norwegian Air Shuttle and serves the vast majority of passengers at the airport with about 16 daily connections each way. Scandinavian Airlines also operates a direct connection to Göteborg Landvetter Airport.

Nextjet operates connections to and from Göteborg Landvetter Airport via Höga Kusten Airport, and their Tromsø AirportOulu Airport route lands at Luleå/Kallax Airport on some departures. Jonair offers connections to Pajala Airport.

Rail

Luleå has rail lines coming from both north and south. SJ operates night train services northbound for Kiruna and Narvik, and southbound for Stockholm. Norrtåg operates train services from Luleå to Umeå, Kiruna and Haparanda.

Sea

In terms of bulk shipments, the Port of Luleå is one of the country's biggest ports.

Shopping

The world's first indoor mall was opened in Luleå in 1955 (architect: Ralph Erskine) and was named Shopping. There are two other malls in Luleå: Strand and Smedjan. The main shopping streets in Luleå are Storgatan and Kungsgatan. A few kilometres outside Luleå there is a shopping centre called Storheden. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Shopping_Luleå.JPG" caption="Shopping, the world's first indoor mall"] ::

Culture

Luleå has a variety of cultural institutions, among them Norrbottensteatern; Norrbottens Museum; and , led by Tim Hagans. In January 2007 the Cultural House (Kulturens Hus) was opened. A library, concerts, and art exhibitions are all hosted here.

Luleå is also home to hardcore punk band Raised Fist, melodic death metal band The Duskfall, power metal band Machinae Supremacy and death 'n' roll band Helltrain. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Norr.jpg" caption="The Theatre of Norrbotten"] ::

One of the largest winter festivals in Luleå is the indoor Minus 30-festivalen, held at Kulturens hus (the House of Culture) annually on a Saturday in mid-March.

Luleå Hamnfestival (Luleå harbor festival) is a big summer event in the center of Luleå, mostly centered around the north harbor. The festival has been a recurring event each summer since 2013. Held in July, it is a free event not targeting a specific group. The festival is the new version of Luleåkalaset which was held each summer from 2002 to 2012, which itself replaced sjöslaget, the summer festival from 1988 to 2002.

Musikens makt (The power of music) is a smaller, free music festival that is held each summer in August at Gültzauudden since 2010.

Ice music is a new art form where professional musicians play on instruments made out of ice. The concerts are performed in a huge igloo and the instruments pulsate in all the colors of the rainbow.

Luleå is the base for the Norrbotten Band of the Home Guard Music which consists of voluntary musicians from Norrbotten County's Home Guard.

Sports

Luleå has many teams competing in a variety of sports.

Four teams in Luleå compete in the highest Swedish leagues: Luleå Basket (female basketball team, previously called Northland Basket); BC Luleå (male basketball team, previously named Plannja Basket and LF Basket Norrland); and Luleå Hockey/MSSK (Munksund-Skuthamns Sportklubb) (female ice hockey team) and Luleå Hockey (male ice hockey team). ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Luleå_HF_players_2013-01-17.jpg" caption="Players in Luleå Hockey"] ::

Luleå Basket has won two Swedish championships (2014 and 2015), while BC Luleå has won eight Swedish championships (1997, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2017). Luleå Hockey/MSSK female team won their first Swedish Championship in 2016 while the male Luleå Hockey team has won two Swedish Championships (1996 and 2025), the European Trophy in 2012 and the Champions Hockey League in 2015.

Football

Ice hockey

Basketball

Yukigassen

The Swedish Championship in Yukigassen is held in Luleå annually.

Notable people

; Acting & Art

; Writing

; Classical Music

; Modern Music

; Public Service

; Business

; Sport

;Other

Panorama

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Luleå_panorama.jpg" caption="Luleå panorama, summer of 2014" alt="panorama of Luleå"] ::

References

References

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  7. {{cite EB1911
  8. link. (15 July 2007)
  9. (13 November 2013). "Digital radio requires high data rate". Luleå tekniska universitet.
  10. (27 October 2011). "Facebook on Ice: New Data Center to Be Built Near Arctic Circle". Fox News.
  11. (January 2013). "Node Pole". Geographical Magazine.
  12. Janssen, Cory. "What is the Node Pole? – Definition from". Techopedia.com.
  13. "Luleå".
  14. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Luleå-Kallax Flygplats-02186". [[NOAA.
  15. "Luleå, Sweden – Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas.
  16. "Commercial and communications centre".
  17. "About the airport".
  18. "Commercial and communications centre".
  19. "Commercial and communications centre".
  20. "Commercial and communications centre".
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luleåcounty-seats-in-swedenpopulated-places-in-luleå-municipalitynorrbottencoastal-cities-and-towns-in-swedenmunicipal-seats-of-norrbotten-countyswedish-municipal-seatscities-in-sweden