Lubawka

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Town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland

title: "Lubawka" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cities-and-towns-in-lower-silesian-voivodeship", "kamienna-góra-county", "cities-in-silesia", "holocaust-locations-in-poland"] description: "Town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubawka" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

Field	Value
name	Lubawka
image_flag	POL_Lubawka_flag.svg
image_shield	POL Lubawka COA.svg
image_skyline	Lubawka, widok z Kruczej Skały - panoramio (1).jpg
image_caption	View of Lubawka from Krucza Skała
subdivision_type	Country
subdivision_name
subdivision_type1	Voivodeship
subdivision_name1	Lower Silesian
subdivision_type2	County
subdivision_name2	Kamienna Góra
subdivision_type3	Gmina
subdivision_name3	Lubawka
established_title	First mentioned
established_date	1284
established_title2	Town rights
established_date2	ca. 1292
coordinates
pushpin_map	Poland
area_total_km2	22.44
population_density_km2	auto
timezone	CET
utc_offset	+1
timezone_DST	CEST
utc_offset_DST	+2
population_as_of	2019-06-30
population_total	6028
website	http://www.lubawka.net.pl
::

History

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Market_Square_in_Lubawka_2019_(1).jpg" caption="arcaded]] houses at the Market Square (''Rynek'')"] ::

In the 13th century a Polish defensive stronghold on the border with the Czech Kingdom was located in present-day Lubawka. The first written reference to Lubawka is from 1284 when it was written down as Lubavia. The name is of Polish origin, and it comes from the word lubić, which means "to like", or from the word łub, which means "bark". In 1292 Duke Bolko I the Strict granted Lubawka, which at that time already enjoyed town rights, to the Cistercian monastery in Krzeszów, to which it belonged until 1810. The town remained part of the Polish Duchy of Świdnica until 1392, when it passed to the Bohemian Crown.

The town was destroyed twice during the Hussite Wars in 1425 and 1431. From 1526 with the Bohemian Crown it was part of the Habsburg Empire. Another great war disaster hit Lubawka when the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War devastated the city which was abandoned by its inhabitants for more than six months. The city developed rapidly in the 18th century, particularly due to growth in the textile industry there and in surrounding villages. Unfortunately, several great fires damaged the city in those times. The largest one in 1734 destroyed the town hall, school, church, vicarage and almost all buildings.

In 1810 when the Cistercian monastery in Krzeszów (then Grüssau) was abolished, Lubawka (then under the Germanized name Liebau) in conjunction with nearby Chełmsko Śląskie began to develop on their own. The railway, a great incentive to faster development, arrived in Liebau from Sędzisław in 1867. Several years later it was extended to Královec and connected with Žacléř and Trutnov in the nearby Czech Kingdom. In those times coal mining reached prosperity.

From 1871 to 1945 the town was part of Germany. At the end of 19th century Lubawka and the surrounding villages became very well known as a destination for tourism. The German Olympic team used a facility built near Lubawka to prepare for the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936. In Nazi Germany the facility was used by Hitler-Jugend as a training and recreation center. In 1944, a branch of the German Gross-Rosen concentration camp was established in the city to house 500 Jewish women sent from Auschwitz.

On May 7, 1945, the town was occupied by the Soviet Red Army. In accordance to the Potsdam Agreement the town's German population was in totality expelled and the area was re-settled by Poles, transferred from the former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union, as well as from the war-devastated area of the city of Nowy Sącz in present southeastern Poland. The city was renamed as Lubawka, referring to its original Polish name. Lubawka became once again a Polish border town located on the Polish-Czech border.

Places of interest

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Lubawka,_pl._Wolności_Ratusz_DSC_0031-1.JPG" caption="Town Hall at the Market Square (''Rynek'')"] ::

Market Square (Rynek) filled with colourful historic townhouses
Town Hall (Ratusz) from 18th century
("Raven Rock"), with a ski jumping hill
Dolina Miłości ("Valley of Love")
Medieval Church of St. Mary
17th-century Church of St. Anne
Lubawka Calvary (**)
Baroque Saint Christopher's Church in the Ulanowice district

Pop music references

The town is mentioned in the version of the 1964 song Universal Soldier by Buffy Sainte-Marie released in 1965 by Scottish singer Donovan; the original used Dachau.

Notable people

Wolfgang Liebeneiner (1905–1987), actor
Otto Mueller (1874–1930), painter and lithographer
Johann-Georg Richert (1890–1946), Wehrmacht general
Edgar Röhricht (1892–1967), Wehrmacht general
Ryszard Zbrzyzny (*1955)

Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Lubawka.

References

(2019-10-15). "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". Statistics Poland.
''Nazwy miejscowe Polski: historia, pochodzenie, zmiany'', Volume 6, Kazimierz Rymut, Instytut Języka Polskiego [[Polish Academy of Sciences. Polska Akademia Nauk]], 2005, p. 186 (in Polish)
[http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=530835 http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=530835]

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