Lihou

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Small tidal island, on the west coast of Guernsey, Channel Islands

title: "Lihou" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["geography-of-guernsey", "tidal-islands", "uninhabited-islands-of-the-bailiwick-of-guernsey", "former-populated-places-in-the-channel-islands", "ramsar-sites-in-guernsey", "wetlands-of-the-channel-islands", "tourist-attractions-in-guernsey"] description: "Small tidal island, on the west coast of Guernsey, Channel Islands" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihou" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Small tidal island, on the west coast of Guernsey, Channel Islands ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox islands"]

FieldValue
nameLihou
image_nameFile:L'Eree headland and Lihou island and causeway.jpg
image_captionLihou and the nearby L'Eree headland of Guernsey
map_imageGuernsey-Lihou.png
map_captionLihou is on the far left of the map
coordinates
archipelagoChannel Islands
waterbodyEnglish Channel
area_acre36
area_footnotes
countryBailiwick of Guernsey
population1 (Warden)
population_footnotes
website
module{{Designation list
embedyes
designation1Ramsar
designation1_offnameLihou Island and l'Erée Headland, Guernsey
designation1_date1 March 2006
designation1_number1608}}
::

| name = Lihou | image_name = File:L'Eree headland and Lihou island and causeway.jpg | image_caption = Lihou and the nearby L'Eree headland of Guernsey | image_alt = | map_image = Guernsey-Lihou.png | map_caption = Lihou is on the far left of the map | location = | coordinates = | archipelago = Channel Islands | waterbody = English Channel | area_acre = 36 | area_footnotes = | coastline_mi = | coastline_footnotes = | elevation_ft = | elevation_footnotes = | highest_mount = | country = Bailiwick of Guernsey | population = 1 (Warden) | population_footnotes = | website = | module = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Lihou Island and l'Erée Headland, Guernsey | designation1_date = 1 March 2006 | designation1_number = 1608}} ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Flag_of_Lihou.svg" caption="access-date=31 August 2024}}"] ::

Lihou () is a small tidal island just off the west coast of the island of Guernsey, in the English Channel, between Great Britain and France. Administratively, Lihou forms part of the Parish of St Peter's in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, and is now owned by the States of Guernsey, although there have been a number of owners in the past. Since 2006 the island has been jointly managed by the Guernsey Environment Department and the Lihou Charitable Trust. In the past the island was used by locals for the collection of seaweed for use as a fertiliser, but today Lihou is mainly used for tourism, including school trips. Lihou is also an important centre for conservation, forming part of a Ramsar wetland site for the preservation of rare birds and plants as well as historic ruins of a priory and a farmhouse.

Etymology

In common with several nearby islands, such as Jethou and Brecqhou, the name contains the Norman suffix -hou, which means a small hill or a mound. The name could have developed from the Breton words lydd or ligg, which means in or near water. Historically there have also been a number of alternative forms of the name, including Lihoumel, which was attested as early as the twelfth century,

Lihou is also a common surname on Guernsey, with records suggesting that the name has been in use in the Channel Islands since at least the eighteenth century, The name is also attested further afield, in a number of other countries, such as Australia, where for example Sergeant James Lihou, the son of a migrant from Guernsey, enlisted in the Australian forces in 1916 and was killed in action in 1918 in France. There are also numerous instances of people with the surname having migrated from the Channel Islands to the United States.

Geography and climate

Lihou is the furthest west of the Channel Islands and at low tide it is linked to the nearby L'Erée headland on Guernsey by a 400 m stone causeway. Apart from shingle beaches the island has a 20 m high ridge running approximately north–south. Lihou is mainly composed of weathered rock below which is granite and gneiss bedrock. Lihou shares the weather features of Guernsey, with winter temperatures falling to 4.4 C in February and summers with a high of 19.5 C in August.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Lihou_causeway_-geograph.ci-_137.jpg" caption="The Lihou causeway at low tide"] ::

Two small islets close to the island, Lissroy and Lihoumel, are breeding places for a number of endangered species of bird, including Eurasian oystercatchers and common ringed plovers. Numerous other species of bird and plant are found on Lihou such as peregrine falcons and sea storksbill. The Guernsey Environment Department does not allow visitors to go to the two islets and the shingle bank at certain times of the year in order to allow the birds to breed. Approximately 800 m north of the island is a submerged ledge called Grand Etacre, which was considered to be a hazard to navigation in the nineteenth century.

Lihou island was identified as a Site of Nature Conservation Importance in 1989 and as part of an Important Bird Area, which includes parts of the shoreline of Guernsey. This has created a marine reserve for the extensive variety of wildlife including more than 200 species of seaweed on the shores of Lihou, and more than 150 species of birds observed in the area.

The geology of Lihou Island is rather complex but closely associated with neighbouring Guernsey.

History

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Rambles_Among_the_Channel_Islands_by_a_Naturalist_Jean_Louis_Armand_de_Quatrefages_de_Bréau_hh.jpg" caption="19th-century drawing of the priory ruins"] ::

The history of Lihou is closely linked to the history of Guernsey in particular and the Channel Islands in general. The earliest evidence of habitation is Mesolithic objects recovered from archaeological digs of the 1990s, along with Neolithic era tombs on the nearby mainland. The recorded history of Lihou began in 933 AD when the Channel Islands were seized from Brittany by the ruler of Normandy. Lihou and the nearby Neolithic tombs were traditionally believed to have been meeting places for local witches and fairies. especially when a priory was established on Lihou dedicated to St Mary (known locally as Our Lady of Lihou). A number of dates have been suggested for the establishment of the priory, with estimates ranging from as early as 1114 Ownership of the island was granted to the abbey by Robert I, Duke of Normandy in the early part of the eleventh century. The priory is thought to have been constructed with contributions from the Guernseymen, who appear to have been fairly affluent at the time.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Remains_of_St_Mary's_Priory,_Lihou_Island.jpg" caption="The ruins of St Mary's Priory"] ::

In the early fourteenth century, Lihou may have become the origin of a local legend about a wealthy Bailiff of Guernsey who attempted to have an innocent peasant executed on false charges of theft of silver cups. or 1304, a priory servant called Thomas le Roer was alleged to have murdered one of the monks. The Bailiff and several assistants attempted to apprehend Le Roer, but he did not surrender, and was subsequently killed by Ranulph Gautier, one of the Bailiff's assistants. Gautier tried to find sanctuary in a nearby church and eventually fled to England, before returning to Guernsey when the king pardoned him. However, some years later, Gautier was tortured to death in Castle Cornet, but it is not known why.

The priory was seized in 1414 by King Henry V of England, along with a number of alien priories. In the first three centuries, several Priors were appointed, sometimes with short tenures, but in 1500 Ralph Leonard was installed as Prior for life. However, within decades the Priory was abandoned, with evidence of Thomas de Baugy being the final Prior around 1560. There is also evidence that the priory was allocated in 1566 to John After, who had also been appointed as the Dean of Guernsey.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Remains_of_wall,Lihou-geograph.ci-_138.jpg" caption="The remains of walls on Lihou"] ::

In 1759, the Governor of Guernsey, John West, had the priory destroyed to prevent French forces from capturing the island during the Seven Years' War. In the early nineteenth century a farmhouse was built on Lihou and the island was listed as being owned by Eleazar le Marchant, who held the post of lieutenant bailiff of Guernsey. In 1815 Eleazar made an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to suppress the seaweed industry based around Lihou. In a book published in the same year, William Berry noted the presence of an "iron hook of a gate hinge" on some rocks approximately three miles off the coast of Lihou, along with the remains of old roads, and surmised that Lihou may have been significantly larger in the past but that the sea had eroded a considerable portion. During the remainder of the nineteenth century and the start of the twentieth century, the island changed hands between a succession of owners, including James Priaulx in 1863, Arthur Clayfield in 1883 and Colonel Hubert de Lancey Walters in 1906.

During World War II, the Channel Islands were occupied by the Germans from 1940 to 1945, and Lihou was used for target practice by the German artillery, In 1961 Lieutenant-Colonel Patrick Wootton purchased Lihou. Wootton had plans to develop the island, beginning in the following year by clearing the area of the old farmhouse in preparation for the building of a new farmhouse, with construction work continuing into 1963. The ruins of the priory are possibly the most extensive religious relic in Guernsey. and in 1998, when several twelfth-fourteenth century graves were unearthed.

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Lihou_farmhouse.jpg" caption="The Lihou farmhouse"] ::

Historically, Lihou was an important location for a commercially significant industry based around the harvesting of seaweed (or vraic in the local language, Guernésiais). Records suggest considerable activity as early as the beginning of the nineteenth century.

The economic mainstay of the island is now ecological tourism, based around the farmhouse, which is operated by the Lihou Charitable Trust, although overall responsibility for the island remains with the Environment Department of the States of Guernsey. Lihou and several other small Channel Islands such as Herm and Sark issued their own stamps until 1969, when the States of Guernsey assumed responsibility for postal services in the Bailiwick, which had previously been provided by the UK Government.

Protection

The whole of the building known as the Priory of St Mary, Lihou and surrounding area was listed as a Protected Monument on 26 March 1938, reference PM236. From 1 March 2006, Lihou and the L'Erée headland were designated a part of Guernsey's first Ramsar wetland site.

References

References

  1. (2006). "Guernsey Facts and Figures". States of Guernsey.
  2. (2011). "Whitaker's Concise Almanack 2012". Bloomsbury Publishing.
  3. "Lihou Island and l'Erée Headland, Guernsey".
  4. Yves Le Marquand. (19 August 2019). "Lihou can fly own flag". Guernsey Press.
  5. (3 April 2008). "History of Little Lihou". BBC.
  6. Guernsey Society of Natural Science and Local Research. (1900). "Report and Transactions". Guernsey Star and Gazette Company.
  7. Samuel Lewis. (1833). "A Topographical Dictionary of England". S. Lewis and Co..
  8. Darryl Mark Ogier. (1996). "Reformation and Society in Guernsey". Boydell Press.
  9. "Lihou – 1841 Channel Islands Census". Ancestry.co.uk.
  10. John Marshall. (1835). "Royal Naval Biography". Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman.
  11. R. C. H. Courtney. (1986). "Lihou, James Victor (1895–1918)". Australian National University.
  12. "Matching passenger records". Statue of Liberty- Ellis Island Foundation, Inc..
  13. "Lihou Island". States of Guernsey.
  14. Joint Nature Conservation Committee. (2006). "Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands". UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (defunct).
  15. "Climate of the Channel Islands". Meteorological Observatory, Guernsey Airport.
  16. "Guernsey". World Meteorological Organization.
  17. "FAQs". Lihou Charitable Trust.
  18. Martin White. (1835). "Sailing Directions for the English Channel". Admiralty Hydrographic Office.
  19. (22 May 1896). "London Gazette".
  20. Paul Chambers. (2008). "Channel Island Marine Molluscs". Charonia Media.
  21. "The Annotated Ramsar List: United Kingdom". Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
  22. (2 February 2010). "Guernsey's L'Eree wetland is vital eco system". BBC.
  23. (19 July 2012). "Archaeology Collections in Detail". Guernsey Museums and Galleries.
  24. (7 January 2009). "Le Trépied". BBC.
  25. (8 December 2008). "Le Creux ès Faïes". BBC.
  26. Julia Sallabank. (2002). "Writing in an unwritten language: the case of Guernsey French". [[University of Reading]].
  27. "Lihou Island-Priory". States of Guernsey.
  28. Geoff Daniel. (2003). "Landscapes of Guernsey: With Alderney, Sark and Herm". Sunflower Books.
  29. Raoul Lemprière. (1979). "Portrait of the Channel Islands". Hale.
  30. William Berry. (1815). "The History of the Island of Guernsey". Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.
  31. John Jacob. (1830). "Annals of Some of the British Norman Isles Constituting the Bailiwick of Guernsey". J. Smith.
  32. (February 2004). "Gautier de la Salle: a "most notorious" henchman". BBC.
  33. (1988). "Channel Islands". APA Productions.
  34. (December 1752). "The London Gazette". The Stationery Office (part of the UK National Archives).
  35. Heather Sebire. (1999). "Archaeology Section report for 1999: Lihou Priory archaeological excavations, 1998 and 1999 seasons". Report and Transactions of la Société Guernesiaise.
  36. "Lihou House – in partnership with the island". Lihou Charitable Trust.
  37. "Guernsey and Alderney stamps". Philatelic Bureau, Guernsey Post.
  38. "PM236". States Of Guernsey.

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geography-of-guernseytidal-islandsuninhabited-islands-of-the-bailiwick-of-guernseyformer-populated-places-in-the-channel-islandsramsar-sites-in-guernseywetlands-of-the-channel-islandstourist-attractions-in-guernsey