Lévis

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title: "Lévis" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["lévis,-quebec", "cities-and-towns-in-quebec", "territories-equivalent-to-a-regional-county-municipality", "quebec-populated-places-on-the-saint-lawrence-river", "1861-establishments-in-canada-east"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lévis" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameLévis
official_nameVille de Lévis
settlement_typeCity
image_skylineLévis Montage 2019.jpg
image_captionFrom top, left to right: View of Lévis, Notre-Dame-de-la-Victoire Church, Lévis Forts National Historic Site, Ultramar's Jean-Gaulin Refinery, Chaudière Falls, home of Alphonse Desjardins
image_flagFlag of Levis.svg
image_shieldLevis-qc-coa.png
image_blank_emblemLogo of Lévis, Quebec.svg
blank_emblem_typeLogo
mottoToujours à l'Avant-Garde
image_mapLévis Quebec location diagram.png
map_captionLocation with surrounding municipalities.
pushpin_mapCanada Southern Quebec
pushpin_label_positionbottom
pushpin_map_captionLocation in southern Quebec.
coordinates
coordinates_footnotes
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameCanada
subdivision_type1Province
subdivision_name1Quebec
subdivision_type2Region
subdivision_name2Chaudière-Appalaches
subdivision_type3RCM
subdivision_name3None
established_title1Constituted
established_date1January 1, 2002
parts_typeBoroughs
parts_style
parts
p1Desjardins
p2Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière-Est
p3Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière-Ouest
government_footnotes
government_typeLévis City Council
leader_titleMayor
leader_nameSteven Blaney
leader_title1MPs
leader_name1Dominique Vien (C)
Jacques Gourde (C)
leader_title2MNAs
leader_name2François Paradis (CAQ)
Marc Picard (CAQ)
Stéphanie Lachance (CAQ)
area_footnotes
area_total_km2497.00
area_land_km2448.07
population_footnotes
population_total149,683 (33rd)
population_rank7th in Quebec
population_as_of2021
population_density_km2334.1
population_blank1_titleChange
2016-2021
population_blank14.4%
population_blank2_titleDwellings
population_blank268,205
timezoneEST
utc_offset−05:00
timezone_DSTEDT
utc_offset_DST−04:00
postal_code_typePostal code(s)
postal_codeG6C, G6J, G6K, G6V to G6Z, G7A
area_codes418 and 581
website
map_altFlag
flag_altFlag
flag_linkFlag of Lévis, Quebec
::

| name = Lévis | official_name = Ville de Lévis | native_name = | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Lévis Montage 2019.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = From top, left to right: View of Lévis, Notre-Dame-de-la-Victoire Church, Lévis Forts National Historic Site, Ultramar's Jean-Gaulin Refinery, Chaudière Falls, home of Alphonse Desjardins | image_flag = Flag of Levis.svg | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = Levis-qc-coa.png | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = Logo of Lévis, Quebec.svg | blank_emblem_type = Logo | blank_emblem_size = | nickname = | motto = Toujours à l'Avant-Garde | image_map = Lévis Quebec location diagram.png | mapsize = | map_caption = Location with surrounding municipalities. | pushpin_map = Canada Southern Quebec | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in southern Quebec. | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Canada | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Quebec | subdivision_type2 = Region | subdivision_name2 = Chaudière-Appalaches | subdivision_type3 = RCM | subdivision_name3 = None | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | established_title = | established_date = | established_title1 = Constituted | established_date1 = January 1, 2002 | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | parts_type = Boroughs | parts_style = Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-- | parts = | p1 = Desjardins | p2 = Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière-Est | p3 = Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière-Ouest | government_footnotes = | government_type = Lévis City Council | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Steven Blaney | leader_title1 = MPs | leader_name1 = Dominique Vien (C) Jacques Gourde (C) | leader_title2 = MNAs | leader_name2 = François Paradis (CAQ) Marc Picard (CAQ) Stéphanie Lachance (CAQ) | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 497.00 | area_land_km2 = 448.07 | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 149,683 (33rd) | population_rank = 7th in Quebec | population_as_of = 2021 | population_density_km2 = 334.1 | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_blank1_title = Change 2016-2021 | population_blank1 = 4.4% | population_blank2_title = Dwellings | population_blank2 = 68,205 | population_note = | timezone = EST | utc_offset = −05:00 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = −04:00 | postal_code_type = Postal code(s) | postal_code = G6C, G6J, G6K, G6V to G6Z, G7A | area_codes = 418 and 581 | website = | footnotes = | map_alt = Flag | flag_alt = Flag | flag_link = Flag of Lévis, Quebec

Lévis () is a city in eastern Quebec, Canada, located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, opposite Quebec City. A ferry links Old Quebec with Old Lévis, and two bridges, the Quebec Bridge and the Pierre-Laporte Bridge, connect western Lévis with Quebec City.

The population in 2021 was 149,683. Its current incarnation was founded on January 1, 2002, as the result of a merger among ten cities, including the older city of Lévis founded in 1861.

Lévis is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Lévis. Its geographical code is 25 as a census division, and 251 as an RCM-equivalent territory.

History

First Nations and prehistoric indigenous peoples settled in this area for thousands of years due to its ideal location at the confluence of the Chaudière and the St. Lawrence rivers. Many archeological sites reveal evidence of human occupation dating to 10,000 BP. Some historians theorize that Pointe-Lévy could have been one of the main centres of Native American population development in what became the province of Québec.

In 1636, approximately 28 years after the French founded Quebec City, the seignory of Lauzon was founded on the eastern part of this territory. In the following years, other seignories were founded near the St. Lawrence River. Pointe-Lévy was primarily developed as an agricultural domain, in which several land-owners ("Seigneurs") controlled their part of land in a medieval feudal system.

The land of the Lauzon seignory remained unoccupied until 1647, when Guillaume Couture became the first French settler installed by Quebec City. Couture was serving as the first Administrator, Chief Magistrate, Captain of the Militia, and member of the Sovereign Council; he was widely considered a hero among colonists in New France. Couture, however, was not the first 'Seigneur' of the Lauzon Seignory, as the land had been previously owned by Jean de Lauson (French Governor between 1651 and 1657).

During the Seven Years' War, in the summer of 1759, British General James Wolfe established a camp in the territory of Pointe-Lévy and laid siege to Quebec City. The siege succeeded. After being under bombardment for three months and fighting the English in the battle on the Plains of Abraham in front of the walls, Quebec fell to the British. During this time, Pointe-Lévy served as the main encampment of the British army in the Quebec area. The constant cannon firing between Quebec City and Pointe-Lévy discouraged both French and British ships from advancing further up the St. Lawrence, and reinforcements and supplies did not reach other major cities such as Montréal.

In 1763, after the English took over French territory east of the Mississippi River in North America, a jury convicted Marie-Josephte Corriveau, "la Corriveau", of murdering her husband with a pitch-fork and she was condemned to death. She was hanged in Quebec City, and the British displayed her body in a cage for several weeks in Saint-Joseph-de-la-Pointe-Lévy (old part of the former City of Lauzon). This was the first time they had used this practice in North America; it was reserved for persons found guilty of particularly heinous crimes. This punishment had been practised in England since the Middle Ages.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Église_Notre-Dame-de-la-Victoire,_Lévis-01.jpg" caption="Notre-Dame-de-la-Victoire de Lévis Church, built in 1851"] ::

From 1854, the railroad was constructed to Pointe-Lévy; it became a major transportation centre for commerce and immigration. As it was located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, Pointe-Levy could be connected by rail to Ontario and the Maritime Provinces, as well as to Maine and all the United States.

Between 1865 and 1872, the British constructed three forts in order to protect the City of Quebec and its surroundings, from the threat of an American invasion in the aftermath of its civil war. The British had maintained relations with the Confederacy during the war and at times helped its ships evade the Union blockade, so feared retaliation. Those garrisons never had to serve their intended purpose. One of them, Fort-Chambly, still stands to this day and is open to the public.

The City of Lévis, named after the successor to Montcalm, the Chevalier de Lévis, was developed beginning in 1861. Its founder was Monsignor Joseph-David Déziel (1806–1882). As more settlements developed, there were changes among the municipalities in the territory of present-day Lévis; many were merged between 1861 and 2002, reflecting changes in governance. The Village of Pointe-Levy (or Saint-Joseph-de-la-Pointe-Lévy) was renamed as the Village of Lauzon in 1867 and incorporated as the City of Lauzon in 1910.

In the late 19th and beginning of the 20th century, Alphonse Desjardins pioneered the credit union movement, establishing the first caisse populaire in Lévis. He began developing what later became the Desjardins Group by travelling throughout Quebec and helping people in other cities start their own credit unions.

Legacy

On June 28, 1985 Canada Post issued "Fort No.1, Point Levis, Que.", one of 20 stamps in the "Forts Across Canada Series" (1983 and 1985). The stamps are perforated x 13 mm and were printed by Ashton-Potter Limited, based on the designs by Rolf P. Harder.

Geography

Lévis covers an area of 444 km2: 10% urban, 48% farmlands, 36% forests and 6% wetlands. In addition to the Saint Lawrence River, the Etchemin and Chaudière rivers also run through the city before ending their journey into the Saint Lawrence. The Chaudière River also boasts a waterfall with a suspended bridge, which can be accessed from Autoroute 73.

Lévis County existed until January 1982 when it was divided into Desjardins Regional County Municipality and Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière Regional County Municipality.

On January 1, 2002, ten cities were merged by the Quebec provincial government to form the new city of Lévis. Previously, the former cities of Lauzon and Saint-David-de-l'Auberivière had been merged to Lévis in 1989. The regional county municipalities of which these cities were a part ceased to exist.

Boroughs

The new city was divided into three arrondissements or boroughs. Desjardins, Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière-Ouest and Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière-Est, which correspond to most of the territory of the former RCMs (however, Saint-Henri and Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon remained independent and did not amalgamate into Lévis).

The ten former municipalities are today districts (secteurs) within the city; each of the three boroughs is composed of either three or four districts.

Former municipalities (10)

The pre-2002 Lévis had already merged with Lauzon and Saint-David-de-l'Auberivière in 1989.

Demographics

| title= Historical Census Data - Lévis, Quebec | percentages = | shading = off | align = none | cols = |footnote = In 2002, nine surrounding municipalities merged with Lévis. |1991|39452 |1996|40407 |2001|40926 |2006|130006 |2011|138769 |2016|143414 |2021|149683 ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Lévis_Decembre_2010.jpg" caption="Lévis in winter"] ::

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Lévis had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of 448.07 km2, it had a population density of in 2021. |location = Lévis |2021_population=149,683 | 2021_pop_delta=+4.4 | 2021_land_area=448.07 | 2021_pop_density=334.1 |2021_median_age=44.0 | 2021_median_age_m=42.8 | 2021_median_age_f=44.8 |2021_total_pvt_dwell=68,205 |2021_occ_pvt_dwell=65,751 |2021_mean_hh_income=84,000 |2021_geocode=2021A00032425 | 2021_access_date=2023-10-19 |2016_population=143,414 |2016_pop_delta=+3.3 |2016_land_area=449.05 |2016_pop_density=319.4 |2016_median_age=42.3 |2016_median_age_m=41.3 |2016_median_age_f=43.3 |2016_total_pvt_dwell=62,585 |2016_mean_hh_income=65,055 |2016_access_date=2019-11-28 |2011_population=138,769 |2011_pop_delta=+6.7 |2011_land_area=449.31 |2011_pop_density=308.8 |2011_median_age=40.7 |2011_median_age_m=39.6 |2011_median_age_f=41.8 |2011_total_pvt_dwell=59,024 |2011_mean_hh_income=65,055 |2011_access_date=2014-04-17 |2006_population=130,006 | 2006_pop_delta=+6.6 | 2006_land_area=449.32 | 2006_pop_density=289.3 |2006_median_age=39.4 | 2006_median_age_m=38.2 | 2006_median_age_f=40.5 |2006_total_pvt_dwell=54,425 | 2006_mean_hh_income=57,550 | 2006_access_date=2014-04-17 |notes=

Ethnicity

The city is one of the most homogeneous in Canada: around 95% of the population is of European ancestry. ::data[format=table title="[[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] groups in the City of Lévis (2001−2021)"] | Panethnic group | 2021 | 2016 | 2011 | 2006 | 2001 | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Total responses | 146,235 | 140,245 | 135,835 | 128,370 | 40,205 | Total population | 149,683 | 143,414 | 138,769 | 130,006 | 40,926 | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | European | 138,465 | | 135,870 | | 133,155 | | 126,700 | | 39,905 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | African | 2,515 | | 1,035 | | 500 | | 310 | | 75 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Indigenous | 1,945 | | 1,255 | | 745 | | 390 | | 90 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Middle Eastern | 1,105 | | 610 | | 240 | | 145 | | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Latin American | 875 | | 615 | | 340 | | 265 | | 25 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | East Asian | 520 | | 445 | | 420 | | 235 | | 45 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Southeast Asian | 485 | | 250 | | 290 | | 195 | | 45 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | South Asian | 160 | | 80 | | 30 | | 80 | | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Other | 175 | | 95 | | 105 | | 30 | | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ::

  • Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.

Language

Over 95% of residents speak French as their mother tongue.{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A00052425213&HEADERlist=0&SearchText=L%E9vis |author=Statistics Canada |author-link=Statistics Canada |title=2021 Census: All tables |date=March 29, 2023 |access-date=July 10, 2023}}

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Maison_Alphonse_Desjardins.jpg" caption="First ''Caisse Populaire'' in Lévis"] ::

Although a relatively small city, Lévis is not a typical suburb. The presence of several large employers has allowed many citizens to both live and work in Lévis. It is home to Valero's Jean-Gaulin refinery, one of the largest in eastern Canada, Frito-Lay and Davie Shipbuilding are located in the borough of Lauzon (former city). The Desjardins Group, as well as its subsidiary Desjardins Financial Security, are headquartered in the city. The founder, Alphonse Desjardins, lived in Lévis and, with his wife, Dorimène Roy Desjardins, ran the first Caisse Populaire (similar to a credit union) from their home. The city is also a major agricultural business research and development centre. More high technology companies, such as Creaform (3D), have been established in Lévis.

Lévis is home to the enclosed regional shopping mall Les Galeries Chagnon which has 106 stores.

Many small business and entertainment developed in the city during the last decade and finalized the transformation from a Quebec City suburb into a small city.

Education

Commission scolaire des Navigateurs operates Francophone public schools.

There are many schools of different levels, including the Cégep de Lévis and a UQAR campus (Université du Québec à Rimouski).

Notable people

Notes

References

References

  1. {{Cite cgndb. EGZSK. Lévis
  2. (March 29, 2023). "Census Profile, 2021 Census: Lévis, Ville, [Census subdivision], Quebec". Statistics Canada.
  3. "Canada Post stamp".
  4. [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/levis Lévis] at [[The Canadian Encyclopedia]].
  5. City of Lévis. [http://www.ville.levis.qc.ca/Fr/Contenus/Gui_car.htm History] {{webarchive. link. (August 30, 2004 {{in lang). fr
  6. Statistics Canada: [[Canada 1996 Census. 1996]], [[Canada 2001 Census. 2001]], [[Canada 2006 Census. 2006]], [[Canada 2011 Census. 2011]] census
  7. (February 8, 2017). "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Lévis, Territoire équivalent [Census division], Quebec". Statistics Canada.
  8. (February 9, 2022). "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Quebec". [[Statistics Canada]].
  9. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population".
  10. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. (2021-10-27). "Census Profile, 2016 Census".
  11. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile".
  12. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. (2019-08-20). "2006 Community Profiles".
  13. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles".
  14. https://www.valero.com/about/locations/jean-gaulin-refinery
  15. {{mamrot. 25213
  16. {{toponymie. 35834

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lévis,-quebeccities-and-towns-in-quebecterritories-equivalent-to-a-regional-county-municipalityquebec-populated-places-on-the-saint-lawrence-river1861-establishments-in-canada-east