Labeo

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Genus of fishes

title: "Labeo" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["labeo", "cyprinidae-genera", "taxa-named-by-georges-cuvier"] description: "Genus of fishes" topic_path: "general/labeo" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labeo" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of fishes ::

::callout[type=note] the fish genus ::

| image = LabeoCalbasuDay.jpg | image_caption = orangefin labeo (Labeo calbasu) | taxon = Labeo | authority = Cuvier, 1816 | type_species = Cyprinus niloticus | type_species_authority = Forsskål, 1775 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms = {{species list |Abrostomus |Smith, 1841 |Chrysophekadion |Bleeker, 1860 |Morulius |Hamilton, 1822 |Rohita |Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842 |Rohitichthys |Bleeker, 1860}} | synonyms_ref =

Labeo is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the family of carps and barbs. They are found in freshwater habitats in the tropics and subtropics of Africa and Asia. It contains the typical labeos in the subfamily Labeoninae (alternatively, the tribe Labeonini or subtribe Labeoina, if subsumed into Cyprininae).

Description

The labeos appear fairly similar to the "freshwater sharks" of the genus Epalzeorhynchos, which is also part of the same clade though not very closely related; labeos are larger, and have a more spindle-shaped body, as they are mostly free-swimming rather than the benthic Epalzeorhynchos. Their mouths are distinct as well; labeos have a pronounced rostral cap, which covers the upper lip except when feeding. their lips are expanded into thick, sausage-shaped pads which have keratinized edges. Thus, their mouth parts are moderately apomorphic; not as little-developed as in barbs or in Epalzeorhynchos, but neither as extensive as in, for example, Garra or Ptychidio.

Labeos have a pair of barbels on the rostrum or snout and another pair at the rear edges of the lower maxilla, which has been lost in some of their relatives; this feature is common among the Cyprinidae. They have a well-developed vomeropalatine organ. In the Weberian apparatus, the posterior supraneural bone is elongated and contacts the skull at the forward end.

Taxonomy

Species

These are the currently recognized species in this genus:

Phylogeny

The type species of Labeo, Labeo niloticus (=Labeo vulgaris), were grouped together with L. horie, L. senegalensis, L. weeksii, L. mesops, L. lineatus, L. rosae, L. altivelis, and L. ruddi, but more recently was found to clade with L. ruddi, L. capensis, L. umbratus, and a number of undescribed species.

The following maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree is based on a dataset of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, from Yang et al. 2012, with updated binomial names:

|label1=Labeoina |1={{clade |1=Gymnostomus ariza |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Incisilabeo behri |2=Bangana sensu stricto}} |2={{clade |1=Cirrhinus cirrhosus |2={{clade |1=Cirrhinus microlepis |2={{clade hidden|mode=left|expand-text=Labeo sensu stricto |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Labeo angra |2=Labeo sp. Salween }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Labeo calbasu |2=Labeo chrysophekadion }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Labeo dussumieri |2={{clade |1=Labeo rajasthanicus |2=Labeo gonius }} }} |2={{clade |1=Labeo fimbriatus |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Labeo rohita |2=Labeo stolizkae }} |2=Labeo catla |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Labeo dyocheilus |2={{clade |1=Labeo pierrei |2=Labeo yunnanensis }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Labeo batesii |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Labeo cyclorhynchus |2={{clade |1=Labeo coubie |2=Labeo longipinnis }} }} |2={{clade |1=Labeo cf. barbatus |2={{clade |1=Labeo lineatus |2={{clade |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Labeo senegalensis |2=Labeo horie }} |2={{clade |1=Labeo weeksii |2=Labeo altivelis }} |2={{clade |1=Labeo vulgaris |2={{clade |1=Labeo lukulae |2={{clade |1=Labeo sorex |2={{clade |1=Labeo forskalii |2=Labeo parvus "Labeoina" is the most basal clade within Labeonini sensu Yang et al. 2012 (=Labeoninae sensu EcOF/WoRMS).

References

References

  1. Bailly, Nicolas. (2014). "''Labeo'' Cuvier, 1816".
  2. (7 September 2023). "Family CYPRINIDAE: Subfamily LABEONINAE Bleeker 1859 (Labeos)". Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara.
  3. Stiassny, M. L. and A. Getahun. (2007). [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00281.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus ''Garra'' Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of ''Garra'' from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species.] ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 150(1), 41–83.
  4. {{Cof genus
  5. Reid, G.M. (1985). A revision of the African species of Labeo (Pisces: Cyprinidae) and a re-definition of the genus. Theses Zoologicae. 6: 1–322.
  6. (January 2019). "NEW INSIGHT INTO THE PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE CYPRINID FISHES LABEO (CYPRINIDAE; CYPRINIFORMES) IN AFRICA WITH EVIDENCE FOR CRYPTIC DIVERSITY IN ETHIOPIA". Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences.
  7. (December 2025). "Phylogenomics of African Labeo (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) emphasizing central African species". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
  8. (21 June 2012). "Molecular phylogeny of the cyprinid tribe Labeonini (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.

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labeocyprinidae-generataxa-named-by-georges-cuvier