Kingisepp

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Town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia

title: "Kingisepp" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cities-and-towns-in-leningrad-oblast", "kingiseppsky-district", "yamburgsky-uyezd"] description: "Town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingisepp" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox Russian inhabited locality"]

FieldValue
en_nameKingisepp
ru_nameКингисепп
image_skylineФотографии Кингисеппа 0002.jpg
image_captionViews of Kingisepp
coordinates
map_label_positionright
image_coaCoat of Arms of Kingisepp (Leningrad oblast).png
image_flagFlag of Kingisepp (Leningrad oblast).png
federal_subjectLeningrad Oblast
federal_subject_ref
adm_district_jurKingiseppsky District
adm_district_jur_ref
adm_selsoviet_jurKingiseppskoye Settlement Municipal Formation
adm_selsoviet_typeSettlement municipal formation
adm_selsoviet_jur_ref
adm_ctr_of1Kingiseppsky District
adm_ctr_of1_ref
adm_ctr_of2Kingiseppskoye Settlement Municipal Formation
adm_ctr_of2_ref
inhabloc_catTown
inhabloc_cat_ref
mun_district_jurKingiseppsky Municipal District
mun_district_jur_ref
urban_settlement_jurKingiseppskoye Urban Settlement
urban_settlement_jur_ref
mun_admctr_of1Kingiseppsky Municipal District
mun_admctr_of1_ref
mun_admctr_of2Kingiseppskoye Urban Settlement
mun_admctr_of2_ref
pop_2010census48488
pop_2010census_rank327th
pop_2010census_ref
established_date1384
established_titleFirst mentioned
established_date_ref
postal_codes188480, 188482, 188485, 188487, 188489, 188499
dialing_codes81375
websitehttp://www.kingisepp-mo.ru/
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::callout[type=note]

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Kingisepp ( or Кингисе́пп), formerly Yamburg (Я́мбург), Yam (Ям), and Yama (Я́ма; Votic: Jaama), is a town and the administrative center of Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located along the Luga River 138 km southwest of St. Petersburg, 20 km east of Narva, and 40 km south of the Gulf of Finland. Population:

History

14th century

The town was first documented in 1384, when the Novgorodians under Patrikas built there a fortress against the Swedes. It was called Yama or Yamsky Gorodok, after the Izhorian (ethnic Finnic group) name Jaama. The environs of the town are still cited as the main location of speakers of the nearly extinct Izhorian language. The citadel withstood sieges by the Swedes in 1395 and by the Teutonic Knights during the 1444–1448 war.

15-16th century

The town became the most important economic center of the of the Novgorod Republic. There were 201 homesteads in the 15th century in the town; its total population can only be evaluated roughly based on the estimates of three to five persons per homestead. At the end of the Livonian War, it was ceded to Sweden, only to be returned twelve years later, in 1595.

17th century

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Jaaman_linna.jpg" caption="Swedish ''Jama'' in the 17th century"] ::

Following the Treaty of Stolbovo, it again passed to the Swedes, who kept the name which in Swedish orthography became Jama or Jamo. The town was completely destroyed by Russian armies during the war of 1656–1658, after which only the citadel remained intact. The Swedes demolished the citadel in 1681. It is questionable whether the town, with its exclusively Russian population, ever recovered.

18th century

First held by the Russians for a month in late 1700, what was left of the citadel was finally taken by the Russians in the course of the Great Northern War in 1703. On May 14, 1703, Yam was renamed Yamburg (a German version of the name). Five years later, Peter the Great granted the town to Alexander Menshikov in his capacity of the Duke of Izhora. In the course of the administrative reform, Yamburg was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1780, Catherine the Great re-approved with some changes a previously existing coat of arms. Uyezd town status was granted to it in 1784.

20th century

Russian Civil War

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Bridge_near_Jambourg,on_the_river_Luga(1919)_(14150975787).jpg" caption="Yamburg Bridge, destroyed by the White Army, 1919"] ::

Vladimir Lenin reportedly stayed in Yamburg in January 1919, when he ordered the Bolshevik troops to retake the town of Narva from Estonian forces. In October 1919, the anti-Bolshevist commander, General Nikolai Yudenich captured Yamburg, which marked the beginning of the push by the Northwestern White Army towards Petrograd. However, the Bolsheviks subsequently re-captured Yamburg on November 14, 1919. On November 16, 1919, the forces of General Yudenich were "crowded together in a small space near Yamburg" "in a serious state of disorganization", reported The New York Times.

The German form of the town name was retained until 1922, when the Bolsheviks renamed it in honor of the exiled Estonian Communist leader Viktor Kingissepp.

Kingisepp–Gdov Offensive

Main article: Kingisepp–Gdov Offensive

During World War II, Kingisepp was occupied by German troops from August 16, 1941 until February 1, 1944, when the 109th Rifle Corps captured the town, forcing the German 18th Army into new positions on the eastern bank of Narva.

Administrative changes

In the beginning of the 20th century, Yamburg was the seat of Yamburgsky Uyezd of St. Petersburg Governorate (later known as Petrograd and Leningrad Governorate). On May 17, 1922, Yamburgsky Uyezd was renamed Kingiseppsky, simultaneously with the town.

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Kingiseppsky District, with the administrative center in Kingisepp, was established. The governorates were also abolished, and the district became a part of Leningrad Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished as well and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Kingisepp was the administrative center of Kingisepp Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. After Kingisepp Okrug was abolished on September 19, 1940, Kingisepp became a town of oblast significance on December 17, 1940. In 2010, the administrative structure of Leningrad Oblast was harmonized with the municipal structure and Kingisepp became a town of district significance.

Geography

Climate

|location = Kingisepp |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |width = auto |collapsed = |Jan record high C = 8.6 |Feb record high C = 10.3 |Mar record high C = 17.6 |Apr record high C = 27.0 |May record high C = 33.2 |Jun record high C = 34.9 |Jul record high C = 33.6 |Aug record high C = 35.0 |Sep record high C = 29.9 |Oct record high C = 21.0 |Nov record high C = 13.0 |Dec record high C = 11.6 |Jan high C = -2.5 |Feb high C = -2.1 |Mar high C = 2.9 |Apr high C = 10.4 |May high C = 17.0 |Jun high C = 20.8 |Jul high C = 23.3 |Aug high C = 21.6 |Sep high C = 16.1 |Oct high C = 8.8 |Nov high C = 2.6 |Dec high C = -0.6 |Jan mean C = -4.9 |Feb mean C = -5.2 |Mar mean C = -1.1 |Apr mean C = 5.3 |May mean C = 11.3 |Jun mean C = 15.6 |Jul mean C = 18.2 |Aug mean C = 16.4 |Sep mean C = 11.5 |Oct mean C = 5.7 |Nov mean C = 0.6 |Dec mean C = -2.6 |Jan low C = -7.5 |Feb low C = -8.3 |Mar low C = -5.0 |Apr low C = 0.6 |May low C = 5.4 |Jun low C = 10.2 |Jul low C = 13.1 |Aug low C = 11.6 |Sep low C = 7.5 |Oct low C = 2.8 |Nov low C = -1.5 |Dec low C = -4.8 |Jan record low C = -38.1 |Feb record low C = -40.0 |Mar record low C = -32.8 |Apr record low C = -26.1 |May record low C = -6.1 |Jun record low C = -1.1 |Jul record low C = 2.8 |Aug record low C = 0.0 |Sep record low C = -6.1 |Oct record low C = -12.8 |Nov record low C = -22.8 |Dec record low C = -40.0 |Jan precipitation mm = 52 |Feb precipitation mm = 42 |Mar precipitation mm = 40 |Apr precipitation mm = 39 |May precipitation mm = 50 |Jun precipitation mm = 77 |Jul precipitation mm = 74 |Aug precipitation mm = 95 |Sep precipitation mm = 65 |Oct precipitation mm = 74 |Nov precipitation mm = 62 |Dec precipitation mm = 58 |source 1 = www.pogodaiklimat.ru | url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/26059.htm | title = Климат Кингисеппа - Погода и климат | access-date = 12 December 2021 | language = ru}}

Administrative and municipal divisions

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kingisepp serves as the administrative center of Kingiseppsky District. As an administrative division, it is, together with the village of Porkhovo, incorporated within Kingiseppsky District as Kingiseppskoye Settlement Municipal Formation. As a municipal division, Kingiseppskoye Settlement Municipal Formation is incorporated within Kingiseppsky Municipal District as Kingiseppskoye Urban Settlement.

Economy

Industry

The economy of Kingisepp is based on chemical, glass, and food industries. It is the location for the EuroChem Northwest ammonia plant which has the largest single-train production capacity in Europe, at 1 million tpy.

Transportation

The railway connecting St. Petersburg with Tallinn passes through Kingisepp and has a railway station in it. There is infrequent suburban service to the Baltiysky railway station in St. Petersburg and to Ivangorod.

The A180 Highway, connecting St. Petersburg and Ivangorod, passes Kingisepp as well. It coincides with the European route E20 connecting St. Petersburg via Tallinn. Kingisepp is also connected by road with Volosovo and Slantsy.

Culture

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Кингисепп,_Екатерининский_собор.JPG" caption="Antonio Rinaldi"] ::

Kingisepp contains thirteen cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally seventeen objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments include the Yam Fortress, the (by Antonio Rinaldi), and the complex of military barracks of the 19th century.

Kingisepp has a local history museum. It was open in 1960 and is located in the buildings of the St. Catherine Cathedral. In 1990, the cathedral was transferred to Russian Orthodox Church and the museum was closed until 1999, when it re-opened in the former building of the commercial school, an architecture monument. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Ямбург_0022.jpg" caption="Kingisepp local museum"] ::

Twin towns – sister cities

Kingisepp is twinned with:

Notable people

References

Notes

Sources

References

  1. {{ru-pop-ref. 2010Census
  2. Bernadsky, Viktor Nikolayevich. (1961). "Новгород и новгородская земля в XV веке (''Novgorod and the Novgorod Land in the 15th century'')". published by the [[USSR Academy of Sciences]].
  3. Agrafenin Anatoliy. (2016-07-24). "Неизвестная Ленобласть: В поисках древнего Ямбурга (The unknown Leningrad oblast: in search of the old Yamburg)".
  4. (2003). "Энциклопедия Города России". Большая Российская Энциклопедия.
  5. link. Официальный сайт Администрации
  6. (January 29, 1919). "Allies Repulse Reds' Attack at the Dvina". [[New York Tribune]].
  7. (October 14, 1919). "Push on Petrograd Marked by Taking of Russian Town". The Democratic Banner.
  8. (November 15, 1919). "Bolsheviki Grain Near Petrograd". New York Tribune.
  9. (November 23, 1919). "Yudenitch a Refuge? Bolshevist Commander Said to Have Arrived in Esthonian Capital.". [[The New York Times]].
  10. David M. Glantz. (2002). "The Battle for Leningrad: 1941-1944". University Press of Kansas.
  11. link. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
  12. link. Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга
  13. link. Система классификаторов исполнительных органов государственной власти Санкт-Петербурга
  14. link. Комитет по печати и связям с общественностью Ленинградской области
  15. Oblast Law #32-oz
  16. Law #81-oz
  17. (June 7, 2019). "EuroChem opens new US$1 billion ammonia plant in Kingisepp, Russia".
  18. (June 7, 2019). "EuroChem opens new $1bn ammonia plant in Kingisepp, Russia - EuroChem Group".
  19. link. Российская сеть культурного наследия
  20. "Международные контакты". Kingisepp.

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

cities-and-towns-in-leningrad-oblastkingiseppsky-districtyamburgsky-uyezd