Khmelnytskyi

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City and administrative center of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine

title: "Khmelnytskyi" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["khmelnytskyi,-ukraine", "cities-in-khmelnytskyi-oblast", "cities-of-regional-significance-in-ukraine", "holocaust-locations-in-ukraine", "oblast-centers-in-ukraine", "populated-places-on-the-southern-bug", "15th-century-establishments-in-ukraine"] description: "City and administrative center of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmelnytskyi" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary City and administrative center of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
official_nameKhmelnytskyi
native_nameХмельницький
native_name_languk
settlement_typeCity
image_skyline{{Photomontage
photo1aБудинок ХОХМ 03.jpg
photo2a002 Аптека.jpg
photo2bПроскурівька15.jpg
photo3aХмель Будинок офіцерів.jpg
photo3bХрам Георгія Побідоносця. 2017р.jpg
photo4aМіська рада. Ніч.jpg
size270
spacing2
color#FFFFFF
border0
image_caption
image_flagFlag of Khmelnytskyi.svg
image_shieldCoat of Arms of Khmelnitsky.svg
pushpin_mapUkraine Khmelnytskyi Oblast#Ukraine
pushpin_label_position
pushpin_map_captionLocation of Khmelnytskyi in Ukraine
mapsize225px
map_captionLocation in Ukraine
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameUkraine
subdivision_type1Oblast
subdivision_name1Khmelnytskyi Oblast
subdivision_type2Raion
subdivision_name2Khmelnytskyi Raion
established_titleFirst mentioned
established_date1431
established_title1City rights
established_date122 September 1937
leader_titleMayor
leader_name
leader_partySvoboda
area_total_km290
population_as_of2022
population_total274452
population_density_km22822
postal_code_typePostal code
postal_code29000
area_code+380 382
website
subdivision_type3Hromada
subdivision_name3Khmelnytskyi urban hromada
::

| official_name = Khmelnytskyi | native_name = Хмельницький | native_name_lang = uk | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Будинок ХОХМ 03.jpg | photo2a = 002 Аптека.jpg | photo2b = Проскурівька15.jpg | photo3a = Хмель Будинок офіцерів.jpg | photo3b = Храм Георгія Побідоносця. 2017р.jpg | photo4a = Міська рада. Ніч.jpg | size = 270 | spacing = 2 | color = #FFFFFF | border = 0 | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Khmelnytskyi.svg | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Khmelnitsky.svg | nickname = | motto = | pushpin_map = Ukraine Khmelnytskyi Oblast#Ukraine | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Khmelnytskyi in Ukraine | mapsize = 225px | map_caption = Location in Ukraine | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Ukraine | subdivision_type1 = Oblast | subdivision_name1 = Khmelnytskyi Oblast | subdivision_type2 = Raion | subdivision_name2 = Khmelnytskyi Raion | established_title = First mentioned | established_date = 1431 | established_title1 = City rights | established_date1 = 22 September 1937 | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = | leader_party = Svoboda | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 90 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | population_as_of = 2022 | population_note = | population_total = 274452 | population_footnotes = | population_metro = | population_density_km2 = 2822 | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 29000 | area_code = +380 382 | website = | footnotes = | subdivision_type3 = Hromada | subdivision_name3 = Khmelnytskyi urban hromada Khmelnytskyi (, ) is a city in western Ukraine. Located on the Southern Bug, it serves as the administrative centre of Khmelnytskyi Oblast as well as Khmelnytskyi Raion within the oblast. With a population of Khmelnytskyi is the second-largest city in the historical region of Podolia, after Vinnytsia.

The city was first mentioned in 1431 as a Polish military post, where it was known as Płoskirów under Polish rule. It was seized by Cossacks during the Khmelnytsky Uprising and later ruled by the Ottomans until 1699. It was passed to Russia in 1793, as a result of the Second Partition of Poland, and became part of the newly-formed Podolia Governorate, where it became known as Proskuriv or Proskurov. From 1917 to 1920, it was controlled by the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic before becoming part of Soviet Ukraine. The city's Jewish population fell from 42 per cent in 1939 to 10 per cent in 1959 as a result of the Holocaust in Ukraine. In 1954, it was renamed Khmelnytskyi in honor of the Cossack leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky.

Khmelnytskyi is the location of a rail junction and an important industrial centre, as well as a centre for higher education such as the Khmelnytskyi National University and the Khmelnytskyi Oblast Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater.

Names

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Hondius_Bohdan_Khmelnytsky.jpg" caption="[[Bohdan Khmelnytsky"] ::

Khmelnytskyi had several names throughout history. In the oldest written evidence about this settlement, the name of the city was mentioned as Ploskirowce, while later documents mentioned its name as Płoskirów, which probably comes from the name of the Ploska River.

In 1793, the city was renamed Proskurov, which appeared on the decree to create Podolia Governorate. This toponym is very similar to the name "proskura", which is a bread in the liturgical service.

On 16 January 1954, Proskuriv was renamed to Khmelnytskyi in honor of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the Cossack hetman who rebelled against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

History

The city foundation date is uncertain. The territory where Khmelnytskyi is situated has been inhabited for a very long time. Many archaeological discoveries have been made in the city suburbs. For example, to the East of Lezneve district, there was a settlement from the Bronze Age 2000 B.C., and from Scythian times from 7–3 century B.C. The first mention of the city was written with Cyrillic alphabet. The earliest known mention in historical sources was in 1431, when it was known as Płoskirów (Ploskirov, Плоскиров) and was part of the Kingdom of Poland. It was a royal city of Poland, administratively located in the Podolian Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Плоскирівський_замок_графічна_реконструкція.jpg" caption="Contemporary visualization of the 17th-century city"] ::

In 1550 King Sigismund II Augustus granted the town to standard-bearer Maciej Włodek as a reward for his military service. In 1578, King Stephen Bathory established weekly markets and three annual fairs. Płoskirów became a private town of the magnate Zamoyski family.

Polish rule was briefly interrupted by the Ottomans between 1672 and 1699. During this period, it was a subdivision of Mejibuji sanjak in Podolia Eyalet as Poloskiruf. The recovery of the city was halted by Ottoman rule. After Poland regained the city, the Zamoyski family came back and brought Poles from Mazovia to resettle the city, exempting the new inhabitants from taxes for the first few years. As of 1765, the city had furriers', weavers' and coopers' guilds. In 1775 King Stanisław August Poniatowski to help further rebuild the city established two additional annual fairs, each lasting two weeks.

After the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, the city was annexed by the Russian Empire and was renamed Proskurov (Проскуров). Russification policies were enacted and intensified after the unsuccessful Polish uprisings of 1830–31 and 1863–65. Nevertheless, local Poles retained their language and customs, including folk costumes inspired by the Biłgoraj area. Writer Maria Dunin-Kozicka noted that Polish was still widely spoken in the city. According to the Russian census of 1897, Proskurov with a population of 22,855 was the fifth largest city of Podolia after Kamianets-Podilskyi, Uman, Vinnytsia and Balta.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Proskurov_Aleksandrovskaya_01.jpg" caption="Early-20th-century postcard"] ::

With the fall of the Russian Empire, the city was contested by Poles, Ukrainians and Soviets. During the Polish–Soviet War, in the first half of 1920 it was controlled by Poland as part of the Podolian District, and afterwards it passed to Soviet Ukraine.

As part of korenizatsiia, in 1924, a Polish village council was established in the then village of Hrechany (; now a district of the city), whose entire population was Polish. Hrechany was designed to become the capital of a new Polish National District, however, the plan was abandoned by the Soviet authorities. During the Polish Operation of the NKVD, the local Polish population was persecuted with mass deportations and executions. It was one of two cities in Podolia where the most Poles were executed (alongside Kamianets-Podilskyi).

In 1954 the city was finally renamed Khmelnytskyi (Хмельницький) in the honor of the 300th anniversary of a treaty negotiated by Bohdan Khmelnytsky.

After new archival sources presented at the 2006 conference City of Khmelnytskyi in the Context of Ukrainian History post-dated the city’s earliest mention from 1493 to 1431, it changed its official 513th anniversary commemoration to its 575th.

Pogroms

A series of anti-Jewish pogroms have been carried out in the region, known together as the Proskurov pogrom. According to Vinnytsia's city archives, the pogrom was conducted on the Friday night of February 15, 1919, by one of the otamans (generals) of the Ukrainian People's Army, Otaman Semysenko (also rendered as Semesenko). Estimates vary as to the number of victims, some putting the death toll at 1,500 Jews in Proskurov alone, with 600 more killed in nearby Filshtein.

The Chief Otaman Petliura had been appointed head of state just two days prior to the tragedy, on February the 13th. Petliura issued Order 131 in which he mentioned the fact that numerous Jewish parties in Ukraine (Bund, Poale Zion, Folks-Partei, Unificationists) rose to defend the sovereignty of the Ukrainian Republic and were cooperating with the Ukrainian government. He condemned such pogroms, calling those initiating them deserters and enemies of the State that must be liquidated. The order was co-signed by the Chief of Staff, Otaman Yunakiv. The order was published in the Ukraina newspaper on February 20 (March 4, new style). Later, Petliura issued a special order to execute Semysenko for being the pogrom initiator. According to sources the order was carried out on March 20, 1920. Other sources claim that he was released.

During the Schwartzbard trial, at the end of which Petliura's assassin was pardoned on the grounds of self-trail (revenge), the main argument of the defense was that Schwartzbard had acted as an avenger of the Jews killed in pogroms perpetrated during Petliura's rule.

World War II

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Phoca_thumb_l_proskurow_111.jpg" caption="A street corner during the German occupation"] ::

At the start of World War II, on 11 September 1939, the Ukrainian Front of the Red Army was formed shortly before the Soviet invasion on Poland, and its headquarters was located in Proskuriv.

The town was occupied by the German Army from July 8, 1941 A ghetto was formed on December 14, 1941, where all surviving Jewish inhabitants had to resettle and were subjected to forced labor. They were subsequently killed in the fall of 1942. More than 9500 Jews were killed in the town in total. Some remaining local Poles were deported by the German occupiers to forced labour in Germany. Since 1943, Poles, who were previously deported east from Proskuriv by the Soviets, were allowed to join the Polish People's Army, and many joined.

Cold War

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Khmelnytskyi_(Хмельницкий)_Soviet-era_Badge.jpg" caption="A Khmelnytskyi badge, originating from the Soviet era."] ::

Khmelnytskyi was home to the 19th Division of the 43rd Rocket Army of the Soviet Strategic Rocket Forces during the Cold War.{{cite book | last = Feskov | first = V.I. |author2=Kalashnikov, K.A. |author3=Golikov, V.I. | title = The Soviet Army in the Years of the Cold War 1945–91 | publisher= Tomsk University Publishing House | year = 2004 | location = Tomsk | page = 133 | isbn = 5-7511-1819-7 }} The intercontinental ballistic missile silos of the division that were housed there were removed and destroyed, partially with U.S. Cooperative Threat Reduction funding, during the 1990s. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Falling_of_Lenin_in_Khmelnytskyi_park.jpg" caption="Toppling of Lenin statue]] in Khmelnytsky park, Ukraine"] ::

Russo-Ukrainian War

Until 18 July 2020, Khmelnytskyi was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Khmelnytskyi Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three, the city of Khmelnytskyi was merged into Khmelnytskyi Raion.

Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 10 October 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the city was targeted by Russian cruise missiles as part of a major retaliation strike for the Crimean Bridge explosion, causing a blackout in the city and limiting water supply.

During a missile attack on 31 December, a gas station and a military facility inside the city was hit by two Russian cruise missiles, killing at least one civilian and wounding nine. The attack also caused a partial blackout and damaged more than a dozen cars and several residential buildings, including a kindergarten.

On 23 February 2023, Russian forces hit Khmelnytskyi with 3 Iranian-made UAVs of the "Shahed type", killing one person and wounding four. Additionally, the attack caused a fire and damaged multiple buildings.

Geography

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/South_bug08.jpg" caption="Khmelnytskyi's riverside skyline on the [[Southern Bug]], early 2010s."] ::

Khmelnytskyi is the regional center of the Khmelnytskyi region which is located in the western part of Ukraine in the middle of Podillia, its total area makes up 8624 ha. Khmelnytskyi has a favorable geographical position. Khmelnytskyi is crossed by one of the longest rivers of Ukraine – the Southern Bug. Coincidentally, through the western portion of the city flows the small river Ploska.

The most abundant make up for the ground in Khmelnytskyi are layers of the following overburden: loess and loess-type rocks. The ground-climatic conditions of Khmelnytskyi are favorable for the cultivation of winter wheat and rye, sugar beet, potato and other crops. Khmelnytskyi is also ideal for the development of gardening and vegetable growing. In the territory of Khmelnytskyi there are the vegetations of two geobotanical zones of Ukraine: Polissya and forest-steppe. Khmelnytskyi and its greater region supplies many rock products, particularly building materials such as limestone, plaster, chalk, tripoli powder, crystal layers (granites, gneisses), sand, sandstones, and also graphite, saponite, kaolin, phosphorite, lithographic stone, and roofing slate. There are also deposits of peat, bitumen, shale, and oil.

Climate

The climate of Khmelnytskyi is moderately continental. The average temperature of Khmelnytskyi in its warmest month (July) is 20 to, and the average temperature in the coldest month (January) is -5 to. The maximum temperatures in the summer on average reaches 36 to, and the minimum temperatures in the winter on average is -24 to. Khmelnytskyi's average annual temperature is 7 to. Khmelnytskyi's average annual precipitation is 510 to.

|location = Khmelnytskyi (1991–2020, extremes 1955–2011) | metric first = Yes | single line = Yes | Jan record high C = 12.0 | Feb record high C = 17.1 | Mar record high C = 23.0 | Apr record high C = 26.5 | May record high C = 31.7 | Jun record high C = 33.9 | Jul record high C = 35.5 | Aug record high C = 36.1 | Sep record high C = 30.4 | Oct record high C = 26.6 | Nov record high C = 20.0 | Dec record high C = 12.8 | year record high C = 36.1 | Jan high C = -1.3 | Feb high C = 0.4 | Mar high C = 6.0 | Apr high C = 14.2 | May high C = 20.0 | Jun high C = 23.1 | Jul high C = 25.0 | Aug high C = 24.8 | Sep high C = 19.2 | Oct high C = 12.6 | Nov high C = 5.4 | Dec high C = 0.1 | year high C = 12.5 | Jan mean C = -3.8 | Feb mean C = -2.6 | Mar mean C = 1.8 | Apr mean C = 8.9 | May mean C = 14.4 | Jun mean C = 17.7 | Jul mean C = 19.4 | Aug mean C = 19.0 | Sep mean C = 13.8 | Oct mean C = 8.0 | Nov mean C = 2.5 | Dec mean C = -2.3 | year mean C = 8.1 | Jan low C = -6.2 | Feb low C = -5.4 | Mar low C = -1.7 | Apr low C = 4.1 | May low C = 9.2 | Jun low C = 12.7 | Jul low C = 14.4 | Aug low C = 13.8 | Sep low C = 9.3 | Oct low C = 4.4 | Nov low C = 0.0 | Dec low C = -4.6 | year low C = 4.2 | Jan record low C = -30.5 | Feb record low C = -27.0 | Mar record low C = -23.6 | Apr record low C = -7.2 | May record low C = -2.8 | Jun record low C = 2.2 | Jul record low C = 3.6 | Aug record low C = 2.1 | Sep record low C = -5.0 | Oct record low C = -11.4 | Nov record low C = -17.8 | Dec record low C = -25.4 | year record low C = -30.5 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 32 | Feb precipitation mm = 34 | Mar precipitation mm = 36 | Apr precipitation mm = 45 | May precipitation mm = 58 | Jun precipitation mm = 91 | Jul precipitation mm = 97 | Aug precipitation mm = 64 | Sep precipitation mm = 61 | Oct precipitation mm = 43 | Nov precipitation mm = 40 | Dec precipitation mm = 38 | year precipitation mm = 639 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 8.4 | Feb precipitation days = 8.5 | Mar precipitation days = 8.2 | Apr precipitation days = 8.0 | May precipitation days = 8.9 | Jun precipitation days = 10.0 | Jul precipitation days = 10.3 | Aug precipitation days = 6.9 | Sep precipitation days = 7.9 | Oct precipitation days = 7.5 | Nov precipitation days = 7.4 | Dec precipitation days = 9.1 | year precipitation days = 101.1 | Jan humidity = 87.6 | Feb humidity = 84.5 | Mar humidity = 78.0 | Apr humidity = 67.5 | May humidity = 67.8 | Jun humidity = 71.9 | Jul humidity = 73.0 | Aug humidity = 70.5 | Sep humidity = 75.3 | Oct humidity = 81.1 | Nov humidity = 88.0 | Dec humidity = 88.7 | year humidity = 77.8 |source 1 = NOAA{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250420202434/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Khmelnytskyi_33429.csv | archive-date = 20 April 2025 | url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Khmelnytskyi_33429.csv | title = Khmelnytskyi Climate Normals 1991–2020 | work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) | publisher = National Centers for Environmental Information | format = CSV | archive-format=CSV | access-date = 20 April 2025}} |source 2 = Climatebase.ru (extremes) | url = http://climatebase.ru/station/33429/?lang=en | title = Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine Climate Data | publisher = Climatebase | access-date = November 25, 2013}} |date= November 2013}}

Demographics

According to a 2017 survey, 94% of the population are ethnic Ukrainians and 3% are Russians. As of the 2001 Ukrainian census, 88.4% of the population were Ukrainians, 7.9% had an ethnic Russian background and 2% were ethnic Poles. Smaller minorities were Belarusians, Armenians and Ashkenazi Jews. The exact ethnic composition was as follows:

Language

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census: ::data[format=table]

LanguageNumberPercentage
Ukrainian221 92088.39%
Russian26 00610.36%
Other or undecided3 1511.25%
Total251 077100.00%
::

According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in April–May 2023, 88% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 9% spoke Russian.

Education

Khmelnytskyi hosts 6 universities, 2 academies, 3 institutes, 12 colleges, 4 technical schools and 15 representative offices of other Ukrainian HEIs.

Transport

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Станция_Хмельницкий.jpg" caption="Khmelnytskyi railway station"] ::

Khmelnytskyi has infrastructure for transportation connections with Moscow, Prague, Bratislava, Warsaw, Budapest, Belgrade and all major Ukrainian cities. The distance from Khmelnytskyi to Kyiv by railway is estimated to be 366 km, by highway it is estimated to be 384 km. The highways Kyiv-Lviv, Odesa-Lviv and Chernivtsi-Kyiv pass through Khmelnytskyi. The city is served by the Khmelnytskyi Ruzhychna Airport. Khmelnytskyi's airport has a 2200 m concrete runway; at the airport there is a check point for crossing the state border of Ukraine.

Sports

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Podillya_Stadium.jpg" caption="Podillya Stadium"] ::

Khmelnytskyi is home to the competitive football team FC Podillya Khmelnytskyi.

Points of interest

  • Proskurivska street, a modern central pedestrian street of the city, preserved buildings of the end of the 19th - the beginnings of 20th century in the styles of modernist, eclecticisms, Baroque, stone (characteristic only for Proskuriv).
  • The house of the former Oleksiyivske real school (now it is the building of the City Executive Committee)
  • The house of O. Brusilov (now is the House of Ceremonial events)
  • The church of Nativity of the Virgin (the first stone construction in the city)
  • The Protection cathedral
  • St. George church
  • Andriy Pervozvannyi church in "Dubovo" district

Notable people

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Ponomarev_oleksandr_2017_nazipov.jpg" caption="Oleksandr Ponomaryov]], 2017"] ::

Sport

International relations

Khmelnytskyi confidently sets a course for European integration. The city of Khmelnytskyi became the winner of The Europe Prize in 2021 – it is the highest honor Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, which is awarded to cities for spreading European ideals.

Twin towns – sister cities

Khmelnytskyi is twinned with:

In addition, Khmelnytskyi also developed solidary partnership with Stuttgart and Dresden in Germany.

In January 2016, the Khmelnytskyi city council terminated its twinned relations with the Russian cities Tver and Ivanovo due to the Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present).

Gallery

File:Хмельницький, вулиця Панаса Мирного, ЖК «.Агора», фото 1.jpg|Panas Myrny Street File:Дендропарк. панорама.jpg|Arboretum File:Хмельницкий областной совет. Фото 4.jpg|Main square File:Вул.Грушевського 97.jpg|Manor at Hrushevskoho Street, 97 File:Особняк, де розміщувався штаб 8-ої кавалерійської дивізії Червоного козацтва Хмельницький вул. Грушевського, 95.JPG|Former Headquarters of the 8th Cavalry Division of the Red Cossacks File:Khmeln.jpg|Bank building File:Хмельницький DSC 0262 вул. І. Франка Храм Георгія Побідоносця.jpg|Saint George Cathedral File:Собор апостола Андрія1.jpg|St. Andrew (Andriy Pervozvannyi) Church File:Orthodox Cathedral Khmelnytsky.jpg|Protection Cathedral File:Хмельницький, 16-поверховий будинок на перехресті вулиць Подільської та Грушевського.jpg|Podilska Street File:Хмельницький, реконструйований будинок на розі вулиць Проскурівської та Грушевського.jpg|Proskurivska Street File:Костел святої Анни, Гречани, Хмельницький.jpg|Church of St. Anne

Notes

References

References

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