Kerman

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City in Kerman province, Iran

title: "Kerman" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["kerman", "tourist-attractions-in-iran", "populated-places-in-kerman-county", "cities-in-kerman-province", "populated-places-established-in-the-3rd-century"] description: "City in Kerman province, Iran" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerman" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary City in Kerman province, Iran ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameKerman
other_nameKārmānia, Boutiā, Carmānia, Karmana
native_name
settlement_typeCity
image_skyline{{Multiple image
perrow1/2/2
total_width250
borderinfobox
image2مجموعه گنجعلیخان.jpg
image3Windcatcher at Ganjali Khan Complex, Kerman.jpg
image4Bazaar de Kerman, Irán, 2016-09-22, DD 38.jpg
image5Shazde-Garden.jpg
caption1Jabalieh, Three Towers of Kerman & Jameh Mosque of Kerman
caption2Ganjali Khan Complex
caption3Kerman Grand Bazaar Windcatcher
caption4Kerman Grand Bazaar
caption5Shazdeh Garden
nicknamesديار كريمان (Persian for "Land of Karimans"), The City of Stars
image_seal[[File:Official seal of Kermān.png
pushpin_mapIran
mapsize160px
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameIran
subdivision_type1Province
subdivision_name1Kerman
subdivision_type2County
subdivision_name2Kerman
subdivision_type3District
subdivision_name3Central
leader_titleMayor
leader_nameMohsen Tuyserkani
established_titleFounded
established_date
area_total_km2240
area_total_sq_mi92.22
population_as_of2016
population_footnotes
population_total537718
population_urban738374
population_blank1_titlePopulation Rank in Iran
population_blank114th
population_demonymKermani
timezoneIRST
utc_offset+3:30
coordinates
coordinates_footnotes
elevation_m1755
elevation_ft5758
area_code+98 343
postal_code_typePostal code
postal_code761
blank_nameMain language(s)
blank_infoPersian
blank1_nameClimate
blank1_infoBWk
website
::

| name = Kerman | other_name = Kārmānia, Boutiā, Carmānia, Karmana | native_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = {{Multiple image | perrow = 1/2/2 | total_width = 250 | border = infobox | image1 = | image2 = مجموعه گنجعلیخان.jpg | image3 = Windcatcher at Ganjali Khan Complex, Kerman.jpg | image4 = Bazaar de Kerman, Irán, 2016-09-22, DD 38.jpg | image5 = Shazde-Garden.jpg |caption1 = Jabalieh, Three Towers of Kerman & Jameh Mosque of Kerman | caption2 = Ganjali Khan Complex | caption3 = Kerman Grand Bazaar Windcatcher | caption4 = Kerman Grand Bazaar | caption5 = Shazdeh Garden | nicknames = ديار كريمان (Persian for "Land of Karimans"), The City of Stars | image_seal = [[File:Official seal of Kermān.png|240px]] | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Iran | mapsize = 160px | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Iran | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Kerman | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Kerman | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = Central | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Mohsen Tuyserkani | established_title = Founded | established_date = | area_total_km2 = 240 | area_total_sq_mi = 92.22 | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2016 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 537718 | population_urban = 738374 | population_metro = | population_est = | population_est_as_of = | population_density_km2 = | population_blank1_title = Population Rank in Iran | population_blank1 = 14th | population_demonym = Kermani | timezone = IRST | utc_offset = +3:30 | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1755 | elevation_ft = 5758 | area_code = +98 343 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 761 | blank_name = Main language(s) | blank_info = Persian | blank1_name = Climate | blank1_info = BWk | website =

Kerman (; ) is a city in the Central District of Kerman County, Kerman province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.

History

Kerman was founded as a defensive outpost, with the name Veh-Ardashir, by Ardashir I, founder of the Sasanian Empire, in the 3rd century AD.

After the Battle of Nahāvand in 642, the city came under Muslim rule. The Abbasid Caliphate's authority over the region was weak, and power passed in the tenth century to the Buyid emirs. The region and city fell to Mahmud of Ghazni in the late tenth century. The name Kerman was adopted at some point in the tenth century. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Abbasid_al-Mahdi_dirham_Kirman_166AH.jpg" caption="al-Mahdi ibn al-Mansur]], 8th century. Silver 2.95 g"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Rayen_Castle_01.jpg" caption="The [[Rayen Castle]], the second largest brick building in the world"] ::

Under Seljuk Turkish rule in the 11th and 12th centuries, Kerman remained virtually independent, conquering Oman and Fars. When Marco Polo visited Kerman in 1271, it had become a major trade emporium linking the Persian Gulf with Khorasan and Central Asia. Subsequently, however, the city was sacked many times by various invaders. Kerman expanded rapidly during the Safavid dynasty. Carpets and rugs were exported to England and Germany during this period. In 1793 Lotf Ali Khan defeated the Qajars, and in 1794 he captured Kerman. But soon after he was besieged in Kerman for six months by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar. When the city fell to Agha Mohammad Khan, angered by the popular support that Lotf Ali Khan had received, many of the male inhabitants were killed or blinded, and a pile was made out of 20,000 detached eyeballs and poured in front of the victorious Agha Mohammad Khan.

Demographics

Ethnicity and religion

The people of Kerman are Persians, and are mostly Muslim, with a small Zoroastrian minority.

Population

The population of the city in 1996 was 385,000. At the time of the 2006 national census, the city's population was 496,684 in 127,806 households. The following census in 2011 counted 534,441 people in 147,922 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 537,718 people in 162,677 households.

It is the largest and most developed city in the province and one of the most important cities in southeastern Iran. It is also one of the largest cities of Iran in terms of area. Kerman is famous for its long history and strong cultural heritage. The city is home to many historic mosques and Zoroastrian fire temples. Kerman has been the capital city of Iranian dynasties several times during its history. It is located on a large, flat plain, 800 km (500 mi) south-east of Tehran, the capital of Iran.

Population development

Some of these figures are estimates only, official census results are indicated with (¹). ::data[format=table]

YearPopulation
1896 ¹40,228
190655,000
1916 ¹52,154
1926 ¹55,048
193675,000
1946 ¹97,363
1956 ¹101,716
1966 ¹140,761
1976 ¹254,786
1986310,000
1991350,000
1996 ¹384,991
::

| valign="top" | ::data[format=table]

YearPopulation
2001450,000
2006 ¹515,414
2011 ¹734,442
::

|} ¹ official census results

Geography

Surrounding municipalities

Kerman is surrounded by the following cities: Anar to the northwest; Ravar to the north; Shahdad to the northeast; Rafsanjan to the west; Jiroft to the south; Sirjan to the southwest; Mahan to the southeast; and Bam to the east.

Location

Kerman is located on a high margin of the Lut Desert (Kavir-e Lut) in the south-central part of Iran. The city is surrounded by mountains. Kerman is also located along the mountain Saheb al-Zaman.

The city is 1,755 m (5,758 ft) above sea level, making it third in elevation among provincial capitals in Iran. Winter brings very cold nights to Kerman. The mountains in the south and southeast are snow-capped all year round.

Kerman is located at latitude 30.29 and longitude 57.06.

Climate

Kerman has a cold desert climate (BWk, according to the Köppen climate classification), with hot summers and cool to cold winters. Precipitation is scarce throughout the year.

The city's many districts are surrounded by mountains. The northern part of the city is located in an arid desert area, while the highland of the southern part of the city enjoys a more moderate climate.

The city of Kerman has a moderate climate. The average annual rainfall is 148 mm. Otherwise, its climate is relatively cool (by Iranian standards). |width = auto |location = Kerman – Altitude: 1753.8 m (1991–2020, records 1951–2020) |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 24.4 |Feb record high C = 29.4 |Mar record high C = 32.9 |Apr record high C = 35.0 |May record high C = 38.8 |Jun record high C = 41.6 |Jul record high C = 42.0 |Aug record high C = 42.3 |Sep record high C = 39.0 |Oct record high C = 35.0 |Nov record high C = 31.1 |Dec record high C = 28.0 |Jan high C = 13.2 |Feb high C = 15.6 |Mar high C = 19.7 |Apr high C = 25.2 |May high C = 30.8 |Jun high C = 35.4 |Jul high C = 36.4 |Aug high C = 34.8 |Sep high C = 32.1 |Oct high C = 26.7 |Nov high C = 19.9 |Dec high C = 15.5 |year high C = 25.4 |Jan mean C = 5.1 |Feb mean C = 7.9 |Mar mean C = 12.0 |Apr mean C = 17.5 |May mean C = 22.7 |Jun mean C = 27.5 |Jul mean C = 28.7 |Aug mean C = 26.4 |Sep mean C = 22.9 |Oct mean C = 17.3 |Nov mean C = 10.6 |Dec mean C = 6.4 |year mean C = 17.1 |Jan low C = -2.6 |Feb low C = -0.3 |Mar low C = 4.0 |Apr low C = 8.8 |May low C = 12.9 |Jun low C = 16.9 |Jul low C = 18.5 |Aug low C = 15.3 |Sep low C = 11.4 |Oct low C = 6.9 |Nov low C = 1.4 |Dec low C = -2.1 |year low C = 7.6 |Jan record low C = -30.0 |Feb record low C = -20.0 |Mar record low C = -10.2 |Apr record low C = -3.0 |May record low C = 1.0 |Jun record low C = 7.0 |Jul record low C = 8.0 |Aug record low C = 2.0 |Sep record low C = -1.0 |Oct record low C = -10.0 |Nov record low C = -15.0 |Dec record low C = -25.0 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days= 4.2 |Feb precipitation days= 4.0 |Mar precipitation days= 4.7 |Apr precipitation days= 3.2 |May precipitation days= 1.5 |Jun precipitation days= 0.1 |Jul precipitation days= 0.2 |Aug precipitation days= 0.2 |Sep precipitation days= 0.1 |Oct precipitation days= 0.6 |Nov precipitation days= 1.4 |Dec precipitation days= 3

|precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 21.6 |Feb precipitation mm = 27.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 26.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 17.6 |May precipitation mm = 7.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 0.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 0.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 0.4 |Oct precipitation mm = 2.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 6.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 18.3 |year precipitation mm = 130.1 | Jan rain days =4.7 | Feb rain days =5.3 | Mar rain days =6.7 | Apr rain days =4.5 | May rain days =1.9 | Jun rain days =0.4 | Jul rain days =0.3 | Aug rain days =0.4 | Sep rain days =0.1 | Oct rain days =0.9 | Nov rain days =2.6 | Dec rain days =3.6 | year rain days = | Jan dew point C =-10.3 | Feb dew point C =-9.4 | Mar dew point C =-8.5 | Apr dew point C =-6.1 | May dew point C =-5.7 | Jun dew point C =-6.1 | Jul dew point C =-5.1 | Aug dew point C =-6.1 | Sep dew point C =-7.6 | Oct dew point C =-7.8 | Nov dew point C =-9.1 | Dec dew point C =-10.4 |Jan sun = 215 |Feb sun = 208 |Mar sun = 240 |Apr sun = 257 |May sun = 306 |Jun sun = 332 |Jul sun = 350 |Aug sun = 354 |Sep sun = 318 |Oct sun = 297 |Nov sun = 245 |Dec sun = 226 |Jan humidity = 50 |Feb humidity = 45 |Mar humidity = 38 |Apr humidity = 33 |May humidity = 24 |Jun humidity = 17 |Jul humidity = 17 |Aug humidity = 18 |Sep humidity = 19 |Oct humidity = 27 |Nov humidity = 38 |Dec humidity = 45 |year humidity= 30.9 | snow colour = | Jan snow cm = 3.7 | Feb snow cm = 1.0 | Mar snow cm = 0.1 | Apr snow cm = 0.0 | May snow cm = 0.0 | Jun snow cm = 0.0 | Jul snow cm = 0.0 | Aug snow cm = 0.0 | Sep snow cm = 0.0 | Oct snow cm = 0.0 | Nov snow cm = 0.0 | Dec snow cm = 2.6 | year snow cm = |Jan snow days= 2.2 |Feb snow days= 1.0 |Mar snow days= 0.4 |Apr snow days= 0 |May snow days= 0 |Jun snow days= 0 |Jul snow days= 0 |Aug snow days= 0 |Sep snow days= 0 |Oct snow days= 0 |Nov snow days= 0.1 |Dec snow days= 1.0 |source 1 = NOAA |source 2 = IRIMO (records), (snowfall and snow days 1981-2010)

Geological characteristics

For Iranian paleontologists, Kerman has always been considered a fossil paradise. The discovery of new dinosaur footprints in 2005 renewed hopes for a better understanding the history of this area.

Economy

Main article: Kerman carpet

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Kirmanrug.jpg" caption="A Kerman carpet"] ::

Carpet weaving is one of the main industries of the city, and the carpets produced there are renowned internationally. Carpet weaving is a very old tradition in Kerman. The oldest carpet discovered in Kerman, dates from about 500 years ago. Cotton textiles and goatwool shawls are also manufactured.

A number of modern establishments such as textile mills and brickworks also have been constructed. The province's mineral wealth includes copper and coal.

Culture

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Shah_Nematollah_Vali_Shrine_02.jpg" caption="km}} outside of Kerman"] ::

The only Iranian anthropology museum dedicated to Zoroastrianism is located in the Kerman Fire Temple, showcasing the ancient history of Zoroastrians. The idea of launching the museum along with the library of Kerman's Zoroastrian Society came to light in 1983, when the head of the society, Parviz Vakhashouri, and the former head of the library, Mehran Gheibi, collected cultural heritage artifacts of Kerman's Zoroastrian community. These two officials added many other objects to this collection. The museum was officially inaugurated during Jashn-e Tirgan in 2005 by Iran's Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO).

Jashn-e Tirgan or Tiregan is an ancient Iranian rain festival observed on July 1. The festivity refers to archangel Tir (literally meaning arrow) or Tishtar (lightning), who appear in the sky to generate thunder and lightning for providing much-needed rain.

The Sadeh ceremony is celebrated every year in Kerman.

Also, the archeological ancient areas of Jiroft and Tappe Yahya Baft are located south of Kerman. Rayen Castle is also located in Rayen town, southeast of Kerman.

Some of the handicrafts and souvenirs of the province of Kerman are traditional embroidery known as pateh, carpets, rugs, jajeems, kilims (a coarse carpet), satchels, and other hand woven articles. Caraway seeds and pistachios from Rafsanjan, Zarand, and Kerman are best of the main items of this province.

Sport

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Mes_Kerman_stadium.jpg" caption="Arena"] ::

Mes Kerman is the major football team of the city.

The Shahid Bahonar Stadium has 15,000 seats.

Transportation

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Adineh_Kariman_Bus_Terminus.jpg" caption="Kerman's Adineh bus terminus"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Dubai_Airport_16.08.2009_05-12-24.jpg" caption="Boeing 747-400 of Iranian airline, [[Mahan Air"] ::

Kerman is on the Tehran, Bandar Abbas and Zahedan route. Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani Airport is considered one of Iran's main airports. It has daily and weekly flights to Tehran, Ahwaz, Yazd, Esfahan, Bandar Abbas, Mashhad and Shiraz. Also, the Trans-Iranian Railway passes through this city. Kerman's newly built bus terminus, Adineh, opened in May 2013.

Chabahar–Zahedan Railway

In May 2016, during Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's trip to Iran, agreement was signed to develop two berths at Port of Chabahar and to build new Chabahar–Zahedan railway, as part of North–South Transport Corridor, by Indian Railways' public sector unit Ircon International.

Colleges and universities

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Gallery

File:Ganjali Khan Mosque.JPG|Ganjali Khan Mosque File:Ganjali Khan Caravanserai 01.jpg|Ganjali Khan Caravanserai File:Ganjali Khan Complex, Kerman 01.jpg|Ganjali Khan square File:Shazdeh Garden Mahan Iran.jpg|Shazdeh Garden (Prince's Garden) File:Jardín del Príncipe, Mahan, Irán, 2016-09-22, DD 21.jpg|Shazdeh Garden File:Jabalieh, Kerman, Irán, 2016-09-22, DD 02.jpg|Jabalieh Dome File:Shah Nematollah Vali Shrine 07.jpg|Shah Nimatullah Wali holy shrine File:Shah Nematollah Vali Shrine 06.jpg|Shah Nimatullah Wali holy shrine (praying hall) File:Mezquita de Malek, Kerman, Irán, 2016-09-22, DD 27.jpg|Entrance to Kerman's Jameh Mosque (also known as Friday Mosque) File:Bazaar de Kerman, Irán, 2016-09-22, DD 38.jpg|Kerman's Grand Bazaar File:Museum of Zoroastrians - Kerman.jpg|Museum of Zoroastrians File:Patteh-Kerman.png|Kerman's Patteh File:Pars Hotel.jpg|Kerman Pars Hotel File:Kerman Railway Station 2.jpg|Kerman Railway Station

Notes

References

Bibliography

References

  1. "معرفی شهردار".
  2. "The mayor of Kerman was elected".
  3. "Statistical Center of Iran > Home".
  4. ((OpenStreetMap contributors)). (6 December 2024). "Kerman, Kerman County".
  5. {{GEOnet3. -3070237
  6. Habibi, Hassan. (c. 2024). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Kerman province, centered in the city of Kerman". Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council.
  7. (June 15, 2017). "KERMAN ii. Historical Geography".
  8. A.H.T. Levi, "[https://books.google.com/books?id=R44VRnNCzAYC&pg=RA1-PA413&dq=kerman Kerman]", in ''International Dictionary of Historic Places'', ed. Trudy Ring, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1995–1996, vol. 4, p. 413.
  9. (2008). "Kerman". Columbia University Press.
  10. Pourshariati, Parvaneh. "Kerman". Gale Group.
  11. "Iran Chamber Society: Iranian Cities". Iranchamber.com.
  12. Hasan Pir Nia, A. Eghbal Ashtiani, ''History of Persia'' (Tarikh-i Iran), {{ISBN. 964-6895-16-6, Tehran, 2003, p.655
  13. "Cities in Iran: 2005 Population Estimates".
  14. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Kerman Province". The Statistical Center of Iran.
  15. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Kerman Province". The Statistical Center of Iran.
  16. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Kerman Province". The Statistical Center of Iran.
  17. [https://behgardi.com/the-largest-smallest-city-kerman-province/ بزرگترین و کوچکترین شهرستان استان کرمان The largest/smallest city in Kerman province]
  18. "Kerman Historical-Cultural Structure".
  19. "جدیدتخبار کرمان {{!}} خبرگزاری باشگاه خبرنگاران".
  20. (August 16, 2011). "Population development".
  21. "Geographic coordinates of Kerman. Latitude, longitude, and elevation above sea level of Kerman, Iran".
  22. Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
  23. "WMO Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Kerman". NOAA.
  24. "Iranian Meteorology".
  25. "WMO Climate Normals for 1981-2010: Kerman". NOAA.
  26. "Dinosaur Footprints Moulded in Kerman". Payvand.com.
  27. (17 October 2007). "Iran Daily".
  28. "Kerman Rug (Iran): History". Caroun.com.
  29. "Travel in Kerman – Iran – History – WorldTravelGate.net®". Mideasttravelling.net.
  30. "Handicrafts and Souvenirs in Kerman, [Iran Tourism & Touring Organization]".
  31. (23 May 2016). "India eyes Iran's energy resources, commits over Rs 1 lakh crore investment in Chabahar".
  32. "Kerman Azad University".
  33. "دانشكده فني شهيدچمران كرمان نسخه 8.75 __ چهارشنبه ۴ اسفند ۱۳۸۹".
  34. "Archived copy".
  35. "دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی کرمان".
  36. "Kkhecnewindex".

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kermantourist-attractions-in-iranpopulated-places-in-kerman-countycities-in-kerman-provincepopulated-places-established-in-the-3rd-century