Karnal

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City in Haryana, India

title: "Karnal" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["karnal", "cities-and-towns-in-karnal-district", "smart-cities-in-india"] description: "City in Haryana, India" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnal" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary City in Haryana, India ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameKarnal
other_name
settlement_typeMetropolitan City
image_skyline{{Photomontage
photo1aKarnal 2.jpg
spacing2
positioncenter
color_borderBlack
colorBlack
size250
image_captionClockwise from top right;
pushpin_mapIndia Haryana#India
pushpin_label_positionright
pushpin_map_captionLocation in Haryana, India
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameIndia
subdivision_type1State
subdivision_name1Haryana
subdivision_type2District
subdivision_name2Karnal
subdivision_type3Region
subdivision_name3North India
founderRaja Karna
named_forKarna
government_typeMunicipal Corporation
governing_bodyKarnal Municipal Corporation
leader_titleMayor
leader_nameRenu Bala Gupta
leader_partyBJP
leader_title2Lok Sabha MP
leader_name2Manohar Lal Khattar (BJP)
leader_title3MLA
leader_name3Jagmohan Anand (BJP)
leader_title4Municipal Commissioner
leader_name4Vaishali Sharma (IAS)
unit_prefMetric
area_footnotes
area_total_km287
elevation_m252
population_total302,140

| | population_as_of | 2011 | | timezone1 | IST | | utc_offset1 | +5:30 | | postal_code_type | PIN | | postal_code | 132001 | | area_code | 0184 | | demographics_type1 | Languages | | demographics1_title1 | Official | | demographics1_info1 | Hindi | | registration_plate | HR-05 | | blank_name_sec1 | literacy rate | | blank_info_sec1 | 84.60% | | blank1_name_sec1 | Sex ratio | | blank1_info_sec1 | 915/1000 Female/Male | | website | | | demographics1_info2 | Haryanvi | | demographics1_title2 | Regional | ::

| name = Karnal | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Metropolitan City | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Karnal 2.jpg | spacing = 2 | position = center | color_border = Black | color = Black | size = 250 | image_alt = | image_caption = Clockwise from top right; K3C Mall, Agro Mall, Sector 12 road, Shrimad Bhagwad Gita Dwar, Super Mall, Cantonment Church Tower. | pushpin_map = India Haryana#India | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Haryana, India | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Haryana | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Karnal | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = North India | established_title = | established_date = | founder = Raja Karna | named_for = Karna | government_type = Municipal Corporation | governing_body = Karnal Municipal Corporation | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Renu Bala Gupta | leader_party = BJP | leader_title2 = Lok Sabha MP | leader_name2 = Manohar Lal Khattar (BJP) | leader_title3 = MLA | leader_name3 = Jagmohan Anand (BJP) | leader_title4 = Municipal Commissioner | leader_name4 = Vaishali Sharma (IAS) | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 87 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 252 | population_total = 302,140

| population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = | population_demonym = | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 132001 | area_code_type = | area_code = 0184 | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Hindi | registration_plate = HR-05 | blank_name_sec1 = literacy rate | blank_info_sec1 = 84.60% | blank1_name_sec1 = Sex ratio | blank1_info_sec1 = 915/1000 Female/Male | website = | footnotes = | official_name = | demographics1_info2 = Haryanvi | demographics1_title2 = Regional

Karnal () is a city located in the state of Haryana, India and is the administrative headquarters of Karnal District. The city is well connected as it lies on National Highway 01, in the south of the city lies the cities of Panipat and Sonipat and in the north lies Kurukshetra and Yamunanagar city while in the east lies the river Yamuna, on the other end of which lies Saharanpur and Shamli district of Uttar Pradesh on the eastern bank. Karnal was used by the East India Company army as a refuge during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Delhi. The Battle of Karnal between Nader Shah of Persia and the Mughal Empire took place in this city in 1739.

Etymology

The city associates itself with the character Karna from the Indian epic Mahabharata.

History

Ancient

At the end of 6th century A.D., the area was under the rule of the Vardhanas of Thanesar. The 7th century was a period of religious eclecticism, as Buddhism was declining and Hinduism was resurging in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The region was under Kanauji rule under the Pala Emperors of Bengal from 770 to 810 AD. The authority of Mihira Bhoja, the Pratihara ruler of Kanauj from 836 to 885 AD, penetrated as far as Pehowa, including Karnal.

Medieval

The Tomaras, established themselves as rulers of this region in the middle of the 9th century. About the beginning of the 10th century, as the Pratihara power began to decline, the Tomaras assumed independence. One of the Tomara rulers, Anangpal Tomar, found the city of Delhi and made it his capital, with the area of Karnal and modern-day Haryana being under his realm. The Tomaras came into conflict with the Chauhans of Ajmer, but continued to rule the Haryana country until the middle of 12th century when they were overthrown by the Chaha mana Vighnaraja IV. The country between the Satluj and the Yamuna including Karnal experienced relative peace for a century and a half except the plundering invasions and eventual conquests of Mahmud of Ghazi. The region then came under Ghurid rule after the Second Battle of Tarain when Muhammad Ghori captured the area. It remained under the Delhi Sultanate until 1526.

In 1526 at the First Battle of Panipat, Mughal emperor Babur defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, and captured parts of North India, along with Delhi and Panipat. He then established the Mughal Empire in North India.

Karnal is listed in the Mughal Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under Delhi sarkar, producing a revenue of 5,678,242 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 800 infantry and 50 cavalry.

Main article: Battle of Karnal

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/The_Daria-e_Noor_(Sea_of_Light)_Diamond_from_the_collection_of_the_national_jewels_of_Iran_at_Central_Bank_of_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran.jpg" caption="[[Daria-i-Noor]] diamond was seized by Persia's Nader Shah from the Mughal dynasty following the Battle of Karnal and subsequent sack of Delhi (1739)"] ::

In A.D. 1739, Nader Shah of Persia invaded the Mughal empire and Karnal was the scene of the famed Battle of Karnal, in which Nader Shah decisively defeated the Mughal Emperor, Muhammad Shah. Muhammad Shah along with an enormous army occupied a strongly fortified camp at Karnal, but he yielded to the invader as his supplies were cut off from the open country by Shah and was starved into submission. The tactical defeat drastically weakened the Mughal Empire, while the Persian Empire prospered and subsequently hastened the establishment of the British Empire in India. The region then came under Afghan rule. On 24 February 1739, the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah attacked India. Rao Bal Kishan, with his army and with the forces of Delhi, fought Nadir Shah. His army included 5000 infantry and 2000 cavalry. In February 1739, Nader Shah captured Sirhind and moved towards the field of Karnal, a battle destined to be fateful to the Mughal rulers. Every year on 24 February, Rao Bal Kishan Shaurya Diwas celebrated in Rewari.

Sikhs appeared on the scene in the 18th century. The importance of Karnal grew in the time of Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind State who after its capture in A.D. 1763 built the boundary wall and a fort and under whose rule the town increased considerably in size. On 14 January 1764, Sikh Chiefs defeated and killed Zain Khan Sirhindi, the Durrani Governor, and took possession of the whole of Sirhind province as far south as Panipat including Karnal.

Modern

During the Indian independence movement, a district political conference was organized at Karnal with Lala Lajpat Rai as its chairman.

Climate

| location = Karnal (1991–2020, extremes 1949–2020) | metric first = Y | single line = Y | width = auto | Jan record high C = 31.2 | Feb record high C = 33.2 | Mar record high C = 37.5 | Apr record high C = 45.2 | May record high C = 46.0 | Jun record high C = 46.0 | Jul record high C = 43.9 | Aug record high C = 42.0 | Sep record high C = 38.3 | Oct record high C = 39.3 | Nov record high C = 34.4 | Dec record high C = 28.8 | year record high C = 46.0 | Jan high C = 18.2 | Feb high C = 22.2 | Mar high C = 27.7 | Apr high C = 35.5 | May high C = 38.6 | Jun high C = 37.6 | Jul high C = 33.8 | Aug high C = 32.6 | Sep high C = 32.3 | Oct high C = 31.8 | Nov high C = 27.3 | Dec high C = 21.5 | year high C = 30.0 | Jan mean C = 12.3 | Feb mean C = 15.6 | Mar mean C = 20.3 | Apr mean C = 26.9 | May mean C = 30.9 | Jun mean C = 31.5 | Jul mean C = 29.9 | Aug mean C = 29.0 | Sep mean C = 27.8 | Oct mean C = 24.6 | Nov mean C = 19.4 | Dec mean C = 14.5 | year mean C = 23.6 | Jan low C = 6.4 | Feb low C = 8.9 | Mar low C = 12.9 | Apr low C = 18.3 | May low C = 23.1 | Jun low C = 25.4 | Jul low C = 26.0 | Aug low C = 25.3 | Sep low C = 23.2 | Oct low C = 17.3 | Nov low C = 11.5 | Dec low C = 7.4 | year low C = 17.2 | Jan record low C = -0.3 | Feb record low C = 0.1 | Mar record low C = 3.5 | Apr record low C = 9.0 | May record low C = 14.5 | Jun record low C = 18.0 | Jul record low C = 19.5 | Aug record low C = 18.4 | Sep record low C = 16.0 | Oct record low C = 9.4 | Nov record low C = 3.0 | Dec record low C = -0.4 | year record low C = -0.4 | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 32.5 | Feb rain mm = 28.9 | Mar rain mm = 21.1 | Apr rain mm = 13.3 | May rain mm = 27.6 | Jun rain mm = 98.4 | Jul rain mm = 172.8 | Aug rain mm = 160.2 | Sep rain mm = 128.4 | Oct rain mm = 4.3 | Nov rain mm = 2.0 | Dec rain mm = 6.0 | year rain mm = 695.4 | Jan rain days = 1.7 | Feb rain days = 2.1 | Mar rain days = 1.5 | Apr rain days = 1.2 | May rain days = 1.7 | Jun rain days = 5.1 | Jul rain days = 7.8 | Aug rain days = 8.0 | Sep rain days = 5.0 | Oct rain days = 0.3 | Nov rain days = 0.2 | Dec rain days = 0.6 | year rain days = 35.4 |time day = 17:30 IST | Jan humidity = 70 | Feb humidity = 63 | Mar humidity = 52 | Apr humidity = 29 | May humidity = 29 | Jun humidity = 45 | Jul humidity = 70 | Aug humidity = 76 | Sep humidity = 71 | Oct humidity = 55 | Nov humidity = 53 | Dec humidity = 63 |year humidity = 56 |source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf | title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020 | publisher = India Meteorological Department | access-date = April 8, 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | archive-date = 5 February 2020 | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | title = Station: Karnal Climatological Table 1981–2010 | work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010 | publisher = India Meteorological Department | date = January 2015 | pages = 395–396 | access-date = 1 March 2020}} | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | archive-date = 5 February 2020 | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) | publisher = India Meteorological Department | date = December 2016 | page = M65 | access-date = 1 March 2020}}

Demographics

The population of the city as of 2011, is 302,140. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/DiwaliKarnal.JPG" caption="Houses During Diwali in Karnal"] ::

::data[format=table title="''Religion in Karnal City''"] | Religion | url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1911-26575903/|title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables.|access-date=21 August 2022}} | Percentage (1911) | url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE|access-date=21 August 2022}} | Percentage (1941) | url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/36-karnal.html|title=Karnal City Census 2011 data|work=Census2011|access-date=2 March 2024}} | Percentage (2011) | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Hinduism [[File:Om.svg|15px]] | 12,772 | | 20,462 | | 274,498 | | | Islam [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] | 8,667 | | 15,844 | | 3,938 | | | Sikhism [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]] | 130 | | 647 | | 21,033 | | | Christianity [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]] | 210 | | 125 | | 776 | | | Others | 182 | | 366 | | 1,895 | | | Total Population | 21,961 | **** | 37,444 | **** | 302,140 | **** | ::

The sex ratio in Karnal stood at 915 females per 1000 males in 2011, compared to the 2001 census figure of 862.

Government

Karnal Municipal Corporation is the municipal corporation governing Indian city of Karnal. The mayor of the city currently is Renu Bala Gupta and the municipal commissioner is Naresh Narwal, IAS.

Politics

The city is part of the Karnal Assembly constituency and jagmohan anand of BJP is the current MLA from Karnal constituency.

Manohar Lal Khattar of BJP is the current elected MP from the Karnal Lok Sabha constituency.

Facilities

Karnal was ranked 24th (1st in Haryana) among 4000+ cities in the list of the cleanest cities of India under the government survey named Swachh Survekshan 2019.

Karnal was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Union government's plan Smart Cities Mission.

Education

Research Institutes

[[National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal]]

National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) has been complementing country’s massive dairy development programmes through its multifaceted activities in the areas of Dairy Research. NDRI is fully supported by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and functions as one of the National Institutes under its aegis. The institute also interacts with various National and International Institutes in Dairying and allied fields for exchange of information and advancing new knowledge both in basic and applied fields of dairy science. The contributions of the Institute in conducting, collating and co-ordinating research in Dairying have received worldwide recognition. The Institute was conferred Deemed University status by the University Grants commission in March, 1989. For transfer of technology and dissemination of know-how developed at the Institute, the Operational Research Project, a programme of integrated crop and milk production improvement, links the Institute with farming community of 40 villages around Karnal.

National Bureau of Animal Genetics and Resources, Karnal

National Bureau of Animal genetic Resources and National Institute of animal Genetics were set up on 21 September 1984. These Institutes were initially located in the Campus of Southern Regional Station of NDRI, Bangalore. Since 19 July 1985 the Bureau and Animal Genetics Institute are in Karnal.

The broad aims of the Institutes are to conduct systematic surveys on animal and poultry genetic resources; to develop methodologies for the conservation of animal genetic resources in-situ through cryo-preservation and by developing transgenic forces; to establish data respository; to design methodologies for proper management and optimal utilisation of animal genetic resources; etc.

Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal

Wheat Project Directorate (WPO) was made independent of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi w.e.f. Ist September, 1990 and redesignated as Directorate of Wheat Research (DWR) with headquarters at Karnal.

Centre Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal

It was established in March 1969, under the aegis of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal

Notable people

Notes

References

References

  1. (16 June 2024). "Administration : Municipal Corporation Karnal".
  2. "Karnal City".
  3. "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above". Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
  4. "Report of the Commissioner Aman for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015)". Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India.
  5. IANS. (28 January 2010). "Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi". [[Hindustan Times]].
  6. "Karnal (M Cl)". [[Government of India]].
  7. "Haryanvi".
  8. "History about the city of Karnal".
  9. "King Karna returns to his land — Karnal".
  10. D. C. Ganguly. (1981). "A Comprehensive History of India". Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
  11. H. A. Phadke. (1990). "Haryana, Ancient and Medieval". Harman.
  12. R. B. Singh. (1964). "History of the Chāhamānas". N. Kishore.
  13. (1891). "The Ain-i-Akbari". Asiatic Society of Bengal.
  14. [[Michael Axworthy. Axworthy, Michael]] (2009)
  15. (2001). "Haryana State Gazetteer". Haryana Gazetteers Organisation, Revenue Department.
  16. (22 February 2021). "शहीदी दिवस: नांगल पठानी में मनाया वीर अमर शहीद राव बालकिशन का शहीदी दिवस". Dainik Bhaskar.
  17. D. C. Miglani. (1993). "Politics and Rural Power Struggle: Emerging Trends". Deep and Deep Publications.
  18. [https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf Climatological tables of observatories in India 1991-2020]
  19. "Historical Census of India".
  20. "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables.".
  21. "CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB PROVINCE".
  22. "Karnal City Census 2011 data". Census2011.
  23. (24 October 2019). "Manohar Lal Khattar in Karnal Election Results 2019: Manohar Lal Khattar of BJP Wins". News18.
  24. (17 March 2019). "Cleanliness survey: Karnal city needs toilets to improve rank". [[The Tribune (Chandigarh).
  25. (23 July 2015). "Khattar's Karnal tops list of smart cities". Tribune.
  26. "St Theresa's Convent School".
  27. [https://www.kcgmckarnal.org/kalpana-chawla-government-medical-college/ Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College]
  28. "Dyal Singh Public School, Sector-7".
  29. "Pratap Public School – Karnal".
  30. [http://www.mhu.ac.in Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal], official website.
  31. "Education – NDRI-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University)".
  32. (28 August 2015). "Only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about the smart cities project". Firstpost.
  33. (26 March 2018). "Anish wins India's third individual gold in Jr. World Cup". Business Standard India.
  34. "Babu Mool Chand Jain – Freedom Fighter, Lawyer & Visionary Statesman".

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