Java version history

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List of versions of the Java programming language

title: "Java version history" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["history-of-software", "java-platform", "software-version-histories", "articles-with-example-java-code"] description: "List of versions of the Java programming language" topic_path: "history" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_version_history" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary List of versions of the Java programming language ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox Java version"]

FieldValue
version nameJDK 1.0
released
::

::callout[type=note] the Java programming language ::

The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions of classes and packages to the standard library. Since J2SE 1.4, the evolution of the Java language has been governed by the Java Community Process (JCP), which uses Java Specification Requests (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to the Java platform. The language is specified by the Java Language Specification (JLS); changes to the JLS are managed under JSR 901. In September 2017, Mark Reinhold, chief architect of the Java Platform, proposed to change the release train to "one feature release every six months" rather than the then-current two-year schedule. This proposal took effect for all following versions, and is still the current release schedule.

In addition to the language changes, other changes have been made to the Java Class Library over the years, which has grown from a few hundred classes in JDK 1.0 to over three thousand in J2SE 5. Entire new APIs, such as Swing and Java2D, have been introduced, and many of the original JDK 1.0 classes and methods have been deprecated, and very few APIs have been removed (at least one, for threading, in Java 22). Some programs allow the conversion of Java programs from one version of the Java platform to an older one (for example Java 5.0 backported to 1.4) (see Java backporting tools).

Regarding Oracle's Java SE support roadmap, Java SE 25 (LTS) is the latest version as of September 2025, while versions 21, 17, 11 and 8 are the other still supported (long-term support − LTS) versions, where Oracle Customers will receive Oracle Premier Support. Oracle continues to release no-cost public Java 8 updates for development and personal use indefinitely.{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.oracle.com/cloud-infrastructure/post/introducing-free-java-license|title=Introducing the Free Java License |last=Smith| first=Donald|date=}}

In the case of OpenJDK, both commercial long-term support and free software updates are available from multiple organizations in the broader community.

Java 25 was released on 16 September 2025.

Release table

JDK 1.0

| version name = JDK 1.0 | released = The first version was released on January 23, 1996. The first stable version, JDK 1.0.2, is called Java 1.

It included:

  • core language features (basic java types in java.lang, and utility classes in java.util)
  • support for graphics (AWT framework)
  • support for creating a Java applet
  • libraries for I/O and networking

JDK 1.1

| version name = JDK 1.1 | released = Major additions in the release on February 19, 1997 included:

J2SE 1.2

| version name = J2SE 1.2 | codename = Playground | released = The release on December 8, 1998 and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded retrospectively Java 2 and the version name "J2SE" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). This was a very significant release of Java as it tripled the size of the Java platform to 1520 classes in 59 packages. Major additions included:

  • [strictfp](strictfp) keyword (by JVM 17 an obsolete keyword, should not be used in new code)
  • The Swing graphical API was integrated into the core classes.
  • Sun's JVM was equipped with a JIT compiler for the first time.
  • Java plug-in
  • Java IDL, an IDL implementation for CORBA interoperability
  • Collections framework

J2SE 1.3

| version name = J2SE 1.3 | released = | codename = Kestrel The most notable changes in the May 8, 2000 release were:

Java 1.3 is the last release of Java to officially support Microsoft Windows 95.

J2SE 1.4

| version name = J2SE 1.4 | released = | public_support_ended = | paid_support_ended = | codename = Merlin The February 6, 2002 release was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Major changes included:

  • Language changes
    • [assert](assertion-computing) keyword (specified in JSR 41)
  • Library improvements
    • Regular expressions modeled after Perl regular expressions
    • Exception chaining allows an exception to encapsulate original lower-level exception
    • Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) support
    • Non-blocking I/O (named NIO) (specified in JSR 51)
    • Logging API (specified in JSR 47)
    • Image I/O API for reading and writing images in formats like JPEG and PNG
    • Integrated XML parser and XSLT processor (JAXP) (specified in JSR 5 and JSR 63)
    • Integrated security and cryptography extensions (JCE, JSSE, JAAS)
    • Java Web Start included (Java Web Start was first released in March 2001 for J2SE 1.3) (specified in JSR 56)
    • Preferences API (java.util.prefs) Public support and security updates for Java 1.4 ended in October 2008. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in February 2013.

Java 5

Java SE 5

| version name = Java SE 5 | codename = Tiger | released = | public_support_ended = | paid_support_ended = The release on September 30, 2004 was originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number. The number was changed to "better reflect the level of maturity, stability, scalability and security of the J2SE". This version was developed under JSR 176.

Java SE 5 entered its end-of-public-updates period on April 8, 2008; updates are no longer available to the public as of November 3, 2009. Updates were available to paid Oracle customers until May 2015.

Tiger added a number of significant new language features:

  • Generics: provides compile-time (static) type safety for collections and eliminates the need for most typecasts (type conversion) (specified by JSR 14)
  • Metadata: also called annotations; allows language constructs such as classes and methods to be tagged with additional data, which can then be processed by metadata-aware utilities (specified by JSR 175)
  • Autoboxing/unboxing: automatic conversions between primitive types (such as int) and primitive wrapper classes (such as ) (specified by JSR 201)
  • Enumerations: the enum keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day.MONDAY, Day.TUESDAY, etc.); previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern) (specified by JSR 201)
  • Varargs: the last parameter of a method can now be declared using a type name followed by three dots (e.g. void drawtext(String... lines)); in the calling code any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are then placed in an array to be passed to the method, or alternatively the calling code can pass an array of that type
  • Enhanced [for each](foreach) loop: the for loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of either an array or any , such as the standard classes (specified by JSR 201)
  • Improved semantics of execution for multi-threaded Java programs; the new Java memory model addresses issues of complexity, effectiveness, and performance of previous specifications
  • Static imports

There were also the following improvements to the standard libraries:

Java 5 is the last release of Java to officially support Microsoft Windows 98 and Windows ME, while Windows Vista was the newest version of Windows that Java SE 5 was supported on prior to Java 5 going end-of-life in October 2009.

Java 5 Update 5 (1.5.0_05) is the last release of Java to work on Windows 95 (with Internet Explorer 5.5 installed) and Windows NT 4.0.

Java 5 was first available on Apple Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) and was the default version of Java installed on Apple Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard).

Public support and security updates for Java 1.5 ended in November 2009. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in April 2015.

Versioning change

This version introduced a new versioning system for the Java language, although the old versioning system continued to be used for developer libraries:

This correspondence continued through later releases (Java 6 = JDK 1.6, Java 7 = JDK 1.7, and so on).

Java 6

Java SE 6

| version name = Java SE 6 | codename = Mustang | released = | public_support_ended = As of the version released on December 11, 2006, Sun replaced the name "J2SE" with Java SE and dropped the ".0" from the version number. Internal numbering for developers remains 1.6.0.

This version was developed under JSR 270.

During the development phase, new builds including enhancements and bug fixes were released approximately weekly. Beta versions were released in February and June 2006, leading up to a final release that occurred on December 11, 2006.

Major changes included in this version:

  • Support for older Win9x versions dropped; unofficially, Java 6 Update 7 was the last release of Java shown to work on these versions of Windows. This is believed to be due to the major changes in Update 10.
  • Scripting Language Support (JSR 223): Generic API for tight integration with scripting languages, and built-in Mozilla JavaScript Rhino integration.
  • Dramatic performance improvements for the core platform, and Swing.
  • Improved Web Service support through JAX-WS (JSR 224).
  • JDBC 4.0 support (JSR 221).
  • Java Compiler API (JSR 199): an API allowing a Java program to select and invoke a Java Compiler programmatically.
  • Upgrade of JAXB to version 2.0: Including integration of a StAX parser.
  • Support for pluggable annotations (JSR 269).{{cite web | url = https://blogs.oracle.com/darcy/entry/an_apt_replacement | title = An apt replacement | last = Darcy | first = Joe | date = 2008-08-03 | access-date = 2009-07-29}}
  • Many GUI improvements, such as integration of SwingWorker in the API, table sorting and filtering, and true Swing double-buffering (eliminating the gray-area effect).
  • JVM improvements include: synchronization and compiler performance optimizations, new algorithms and upgrades to existing garbage collection algorithms, and application start-up performance.

Java 6 can be installed to Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) running on 64-bit (Core 2 Duo and higher) processor machines. Java 6 is also supported by both 32-bit and 64-bit machines running Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard).

Java 6 reached the end of its supported life in February 2013, at which time all public updates, including security updates, were scheduled to be stopped. Oracle released two more updates to Java 6 in March and April 2013, which patched some security vulnerabilities.

Java 6 updates

After Java 6 release, Sun, and later Oracle, released several updates which, while not changing any public API, enhanced end-user usability or fixed bugs.

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 6 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 62006-12-23This release adds many enhancements in the fields of Web services, scripting, databases, pluggable annotations, and security, as well as quality, compatibility, and stability. JConsole is now officially supported. Java DB support has been added.
Java SE 6 Update 12007-05-07
Java SE 6 Update 22007-07-03
Java SE 6 Update 32007-10-03
Java SE 6 Update 42008-01-14HotSpot VM 10
Java SE 6 Update 52008-03-05Several security flaws were eliminated. New root certificates from AOL, DigiCert, and TrustCenter are now included.
Java SE 6 Update 62008-04-16A workaround for the infamous Xlib/XCB locking assertion issue was introduced. A memory leak when using Kerberos authentication with LoginContext was fixed. Several other bugs were fixed.
Java SE 6 Update 7
Java SE 6 Update 102008-10-15
Java SE 6 Update 112008-12-0313 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 122008-12-12
Java SE 6 Update 132009-03-24
Java SE 6 Update 142009-05-28
Java SE 6 Update 152009-08-04Introduced patch-in-place functionality
Java SE 6 Update 162009-08-11Fixed the issue introduced in update 14 which caused debuggers to miss breakpoints
Java SE 6 Update 172009-11-04Security fixes; two new root certificates
Java SE 6 Update 182010-01-13No security fixes; Hotspot VM 16; support for Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Desktop Edition, SLES 11, Windows 7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3, Firefox 3.6, VisualVM 1.2; updated Java DB; many performance improvements
Java SE 6 Update 192010-03-30Security fixes; root certificate changes: seven new, three removed, five replaced with stronger signature algorithms; interim fix for TLS renegotiation attack
Java SE 6 Update 202010-04-152 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 212010-07-07No security fixes; Hotspot VM 17; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 and 5.5, Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.8, 5.4, 5.5; Google Chrome 4 support; support for Customized Loading Progress Indicators; VisualVM 1.2.2
Java SE 6 Update 222010-10-1229 security fixes; support
Java SE 6 Update 232010-12-08No security fixes; Hotspot VM 19; better support for right-to-left languages
Java SE 6 Update 242011-02-1521 security fixes; updated Java DB
Java SE 6 Update 252011-03-21
Java SE 6 Update 262011-06-0717 new security fixes; last version compatible with Windows Vista SP1
Java SE 6 Update 272011-08-16No security fixes; certification for Firefox 5
Java SE 6 Update 292011-10-1820 security fixes, various bug fixes
Java SE 6 Update 302011-12-12No security fixes; fix for SSL regression in Update 29; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Java SE 6 Update 312012-02-1414 security fixes and one bug fix; last version work reliably for Windows 2000
Java SE 6 Update 322012-04-26No security fixes, various bug fixes
Java SE 6 Update 332012-06-1214 security fixes, improved VM configuration file loading
Java SE 6 Update 342012-08-14No security fixes, various bug fixes
Java SE 6 Update 352012-08-30Contains a security-in-depth fix
Java SE 6 Update 372012-10-1630 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 382012-12-11Various bug fixes
Java SE 6 Update 392013-02-0150 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 412013-02-195 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 432013-03-042 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 452013-04-1642 security fixes; other changes; final public update.
Java SE 6 Update 512013-06-18url=https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/javacpujun2013.html
Java SE 6 Update 652013-10-15url=https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2013.html
Java SE 6 Update 712014-01-14Not available for public download; 33 fixes
Java SE 6 Update 752014-04-15url=https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2014.html
Java SE 6 Update 812014-07-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 852014-10-16Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 912015-01-21Linux x64 and Windows i586 versions are available as the Java SE 6 Reference Implementation. Other versions are only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 952015-04-14Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 14 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 1012015-07-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 security fixes Certification for IE 10 and 11 was introduced in 1.6.0_101
Java SE 6 Update 1052015-10-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 17 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 1112016-01-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 1132016-02-05title = Oracle Security Alert for CVE-2016-0603
Java SE 6 Update 1152016-04-21Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 1212016-07-19title = Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory – July 2016
Java SE 6 Update 1312016-10-18title = Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory – October 2016
Java SE 6 Update 1412017-01-17title = Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory – January 2017
Java SE 6 Update 1512017-04-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 10 security fixes
Java SE 6 Update 1612017-07-18title = Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory – July 2017
Java SE 6 Update 1712017-10-20title = Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory – October 2017
Java SE 6 Update 1812018-01-16title = Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory – January 2018
Java SE 6 Update 1912018-04-17title = Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory – April 2018
Java SE 6 Update 2012018-07-17title = Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory – July 2018
Java SE 6 Update 2112018-10-18title = Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory – October 2018
::

Java 7

Java SE 7

| version name = Java SE 7 | codename = Dolphin | released = | public_support_ended = | paid_support_ended = Java 7 was a major update that launched on July 7, 2011 and was made available for developers on July 28, 2011. The development period was organized into thirteen milestones; on June 6, 2011, the last of the thirteen milestones was finished. On average, 8 builds (which generally included enhancements and bug fixes) were released per milestone. The feature list at the OpenJDK 7 project lists many of the changes.

Additions in Java 7 include:

  • JVM support for dynamic languages, with the new invokedynamic bytecode under JSR-292, following the prototyping work currently done on the Multi Language Virtual Machine
  • Compressed 64-bit pointers (available in Java 6 with -XX:+UseCompressedOops)
  • Project Coin language features: :* Strings in switch :* Automatic resource management in try-statement aka try-with-resources statement :* Improved type inference for generic instance creation, aka the diamond operator `` :* Simplified varargs method declaration :* Binary integer literals :* Allowing underscores in numeric literals :* Catching multiple exception types and rethrowing exceptions with improved type checking
  • Concurrency utilities under JSR 166
  • New file I/O library (defined by JSR 203) adding support for multiple file systems, file metadata and symbolic links. The new packages are java.nio.file, java.nio.file.attribute and java.nio.file.spi
  • Timsort is used to sort collections and arrays of objects instead of merge sort
  • Library-level support for elliptic curve cryptography algorithms
  • An XRender pipeline for Java 2D, which improves handling of features specific to modern GPUs
  • New platform APIs for the graphics features originally implemented in version 6u10 as unsupported APIs
  • Enhanced library-level support for new network protocols, including SCTP and Sockets Direct Protocol
  • Upstream updates to XML and Unicode
  • Java deployment rule sets

Lambda (Java's implementation of lambda functions), Jigsaw (Java's implementation of modules), and part of Coin were dropped from Java 7, and released as part of Java 8 (except for Jigsaw, which was released in Java 9).

Java 7 was the default version to download on java.com from April 2012 until Java 8 was released.

Java 7 updates

Oracle issued public updates to the Java 7 family on a quarterly basis until April 2015 when the product reached the end of its public availability. Further updates for JDK 7, which continued until July 2022, are only made available to customers with a support contract.

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 7 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
url=https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/jdk7-relnotes-429209.htmltitle=JDK 7 Release Noteswebsite=oracle.com}}
Java SE 7 Update 12011-10-1820 security fixes, other bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 22011-12-12No security fixes; HotSpot VM 22; reliability and performance improvements; support for Solaris 11 and Firefox 5 and later; JavaFX included with Java SE JDK, improvements for web-deployed applications
Java SE 7 Update 32012-02-1414 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 42012-04-26No security updates; HotSpot VM 23; JDK Support for Mac OS X; New Supported Garbage Collector: Garbage-First (G1)
Java SE 7 Update 52012-06-1214 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 62012-08-14JavaFX and Java Access Bridge included in Java SE JDK and JRE installation, JavaFX support for touch-enabled monitors and touch pads, JavaFX support for Linux, JDK and JRE Support for Mac OS X, JDK for Linux on ARM
Java SE 7 Update 72012-08-30title=Oracle Security Alert for CVE-2012-4681
Java SE 7 Update 92012-10-1630 security vulnerabilities fixes
Java SE 7 Update 102012-12-11New security features, such as the ability to disable any Java application from running in the browser and new dialogs to warn you when the JRE is insecure, and bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 112013-01-13Olson Data 2012i; bugfix for problems with registration of plugin on systems with Stand-alone version of JavaFX Installed, security fixes for ; the default security level for Java applets and web start applications has been increased from "Medium" to "High"
Java SE 7 Update 132013-02-0150 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 152013-02-19
Java SE 7 Update 172013-03-04
Java SE 7 Update 212013-04-16
Java SE 7 Update 252013-06-18
Java SE 7 Update 402013-09-10
Java SE 7 Update 452013-10-15
Java SE 7 Update 512014-01-14
Java SE 7 Update 552014-04-15
Java SE 7 Update 602014-05-28
Java SE 7 Update 652014-07-15
Java SE 7 Update 672014-08-04
Java SE 7 Update 712014-10-14
Java SE 7 Update 722014-10-14
Java SE 7 Update 752015-01-20
Java SE 7 Update 762015-01-20
Java SE 7 Update 792015-04-14
Java SE 7 Update 802015-04-14
Java SE 7 Update 852015-07-15
Java SE 7 Update 912015-10-20
Java SE 7 Update 952016-01-19Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 972016-02-05Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix
Java SE 7 Update 992016-03-23Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix
Java SE 7 Update 1012016-04-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 22 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 1112016-07-19Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 36 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 1212016-10-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 32 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 1312017-01-17Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 34 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 1412017-04-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 1512017-07-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 4 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 1612017-10-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 4 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 1712018-01-16Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 51 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 1812018-04-17Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 1912018-07-17Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 9 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 2012018-10-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 2112019-01-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 2212019-04-16Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 2312019-07-16Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 6 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 2412019-10-15Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 2512020-01-14Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 2612020-04-14Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 2712020-07-14Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 2812020-10-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 2912021-01-19Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 3012021-04-12Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes
Java SE 7 Update 3112021-07-20Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 24 bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 3212021-10-19Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 16 bug fixes
Java SE 7 Update 3312022-01-18Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 bug fixes
::

Java 8

Java SE 8 (LTS)

|version name = Java SE 8 |codename = Spider |lts = yes |released = |jeps = 8 Java 8 was released on 18 March 2014, and included some features that were planned for Java 7 but later deferred.

Work on features was organized in terms of JDK Enhancement Proposals (JEPs).

  • JSR 335, JEP 126: Language-level support for lambda expressions (officially, lambda expressions; unofficially, closures) under Project Lambda and default methods (virtual extension methods) which can be used to add methods to interfaces without breaking existing implementations. There was an ongoing debate in the Java community on whether to add support for lambda expressions. Sun later declared that lambda expressions would be included in Java and asked for community input to refine the feature. Supporting lambda expressions also enables functional-style operations on streams of elements, such as MapReduce-inspired transformations on collections. Default methods can be used by an author of an API to add new methods to an interface without breaking the old code using it. Although it was not their primary intent, default methods can also be used for multiple inheritance of behavior (but not state).
  • , a JavaScript runtime which can run JavaScript code embedded within applications
  • Unsigned integer arithmetic
  • (direct launching of JavaFX application JARs)

Java 8 is not supported on Windows XP but as of JDK 8 update 25, it can still be installed and run under Windows XP. Previous updates of JDK 8 could be run under XP by downloading archived zip format file and unzipping it for the executable. The last version of Java 8 could run on XP is update 251.

From October 2014, Java 8 was the default version to download (and then again the download replacing Java 9) from the official website. "Oracle will continue to provide Public Updates and auto updates of Java SE 8, Indefinitely for Personal Users".

Java 8 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 8 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 82014-03-18Initial release
Java SE 8 Update 52014-04-15Using "*" in Caller-Allowable-Codebase attribute; 11 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 112014-07-15Java Dependency Analysis Tool (jdeps); Java Control Panel option to disable sponsors; JAR file attribute – Entry-Point; JAXP processing limit property – maxElementDepth; 18 security bug fixes, 15 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 202014-08-19669 bug fixes, JMC 5.4, String deduplication (disabled by default)
Java SE 8 Update 252014-10-1410 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 312015-01-1926 bug fixes; SSLv3 (disabled by default)
Java SE 8 Update 402015-03-03645 bug fixes, Added the notion of "memory pressure" to help indicate how much of system's memory is still available (low pressure = high memory, high pressure = low memory)
Java SE 8 Update 452015-04-1413 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 512015-07-14Added support for native sandbox on Windows platforms (disabled by default); also, 25 security fixes, 14 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 602015-08-18480 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 652015-10-2025 security fixes, 3 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 662015-11-1615 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 712016-01-198 security fixes, 5 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 722016-01-198 security fixes, 5 bug fixes, several enhancements
Java SE 8 Update 732016-02-031 security fix
Java SE 8 Update 742016-02-031 security fix
Java SE 8 Update 772016-03-231 security fix
Java SE 8 Update 912016-04-199 security fixes, 4 bug fixes and enhancements
Java SE 8 Update 922016-04-19Security and bug fixes from 8u91, plus 76 additional bug fixes; the ExitOnOutOfMemoryError and CrashOnOutOfMemoryError flags have been introduced
Java SE 8 Update 1012016-07-19Security and bug fixes from 8u92, plus 9 additional bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 1022016-07-19Security and bug fixes from 8u101, plus 118 additional bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 1112016-10-187 Security fixes and 9 bug fixes
Java SE 8 Update 1122016-10-18Additional features and 139 bug fixes over 8u111
Java SE 8 Update 1212017-01-173 additional features, 5 changes, and 11 bug fixes over 8u112.
Java SE 8 Update 1312017-04-184 changes and 42 bug fixes (2 notable).
Java SE 8 Update 1412017-07-18Additional feature, 3 changes and 12 bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 1442017-07-2632 Security fixes and bug fixes from 8u141.
Java SE 8 Update 1512017-10-1722 Security fixes, 2 notes, 1 certificate revocation, 1 new feature, 6 changes and 24 bug fixes from 8u144.
Java SE 8 Update 1522017-10-17Security fixes, 1 new feature, 1 change and 238 bug fixes from 8u151 (1 notable).
Java SE 8 Update 1612018-01-1621 Security fixes, 3 new features, 9 changes and 1 bug fix from 8u152.
Java SE 8 Update 1622018-01-16Security fixes, 63 bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 1712018-04-17Security fixes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 1722018-04-17Security fixes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 1812018-07-17Security fixes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 1912018-10-16New features, changes, bug fixes, security fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 1922018-10-16New features, changes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 2012019-01-15New features, changes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 2022019-01-15New features, changes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 2112019-04-16New features, changes, bug fixes. License Update.
url=https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/8u212-relnotes-5292913.htmltitle=Java SE Development Kit 8, Update 212 Release Noteswebsite=oracle.com
Java SE 8 Update 2212019-07-16New features, changes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 2312019-10-15New features, changes, bug fixes and 18 security fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 2412020-01-14New features, changes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 2512020-04-14New features, changes, bug fixes. The last version that was shown to be working on Windows XP unofficially.
Java SE 8 Update 2612020-07-14New features, changes, 133 bug fixes.{{Cite web
Java SE 8 Update 2712020-10-20New features, changes, 65 bug fixes.{{Cite web
Java SE 8 Update 2812021-01-19New features, changes, 33 bug fixes.{{Cite web
Java SE 8 Update 2912021-04-20New features, changes, 28 bug fixes.{{Cite web
Java SE 8 Update 3012021-07-20New features, changes, 90 bug fixes.{{Cite web
Java SE 8 Update 3112021-10-19New features, changes, 52 bug fixes.{{Cite web
Java SE 8 Update 3212022-01-18New features, changes, 62 bug fixes.{{Cite web
Java SE 8 Update 3312022-04-19New features, changes, 37 bug fixes.{{Cite web
Java SE 8 Update 3332022-05-02Patch w/1 change and 2 bug fixes.{{Cite web
Java SE 8 Update 3412022-07-19New features, changes, 42 bug fixes.{{Cite web
Java SE 8 Update 3512022-10-18New features, changes, 95 bug fixes.{{Cite web
Java SE 8 Update 3612023-01-17New features, changes, bug fixes.
Java SE 8 Update 3712023-04-18
Java SE 8 Update 3812023-07-18Security Patches
Java SE 8 Update 3912023-10-17
Java SE 8 Update 4012024-01-16
title=Java SE Development Kit 8, Update 411 Release Notesurl=https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase/8u411-relnotes.htmlwebsite=oracle.com}}
title=Java SE Development Kit 8, Update 421 Release Notesurl=https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase/8u421-relnotes.htmlwebsite=oracle.com}}
Java SE 8 Update 4312024-10-15
Java SE 8 Update 4412025-01-21
Java SE 8 Update 4512025-04-15
Java SE 8 Update 4612025-07-15
Java SE 8 Update 4712025-10-21
Java SE 8 Update 4812026-01-20
::

Java 9

Java SE 9

| version name = Java SE 9 | released = | jeps = 9 | public_death = Java SE 9 was made available on September 21, 2017 due to controversial acceptance of the current implementation of Project Jigsaw by Java Executive Committee which led Oracle to fix some open issues and concerns and to refine some critical technical questions. In the last days of June 2017, Java Community Process expressed nearly unanimous consensus on the proposed Module System scheme.

  • JSR 376: Modularization of the JDK under Project Jigsaw (Java Platform Module System)
  • JavaDB was removed from JDK
  • , define a standard means to invoke the equivalents of various java.util.concurrent.atomic and sun.misc.Unsafe operations
  • , allow @SafeVarargs on private instance methods; Allow effectively-final variables to be used as resources in the try-with-resources statement; Allow diamond with anonymous classes if the argument type of the inferred type is denotable; Complete the removal, begun in Java SE 8, of underscore from the set of legal identifier names; Support for private methods in interfaces
  • : JShell is a REPL command-line interface for the Java language.
  • , it includes a Java implementation of Reactive Streams, including a new Flow class that included the interfaces previously provided by Reactive Streams
  • , create a tool that can assemble and optimize a set of modules and their dependencies into a custom run-time image. It effectively allows to produce a fully usable executable including the JVM to run it
  • , ahead-of-time compilation provided by GraalVM

The first Java 9 release candidate was released on August 9, 2017. The first stable release of Java 9 was on September 21, 2017.

History

At JavaOne 2011, Oracle discussed features they hoped to release for Java 9 in 2016. Java 9 should include better support for multi-gigabyte heaps, better native code integration, a different default garbage collector (G1, for "shorter response times") and a self-tuning JVM.{{cite web | url = https://drdobbs.com/blogs/java/231900029 | title = JavaOne: JavaFX 2, Java on iOS}} In early 2016, the release of Java 9 was rescheduled for March 2017 and later again postponed four more months to July 2017.

Java 9 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 9 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 92017-09-21Initial release
Java SE 9.0.12017-10-17New features
Java SE 9.0.42018-01-16New features
::

Java 10

Java SE 10

| version name = Java SE 10 | released = | jeps = 12 | public_death = OpenJDK 10 was released on March 20, 2018, with twelve new features confirmed. Among these features were:

The first of these JEP 286 Local-Variable Type Inference, allows the var keyword to be used for local variables with the actual type calculated by the compiler. Due to this change, developers can do the following instead of manually specifying the variable's type: ::code[lang=java] var list = new ArrayList(); // infers ArrayList var stream = list.stream(); // infers Stream ::

Java 10 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 10 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 102018-03-20Initial release
Java SE 10.0.12018-04-17New features
Java SE 10.0.22018-07-17Changes
::

Java 11

Java SE 11 (LTS)

| version name = Java SE 11 | lts = yes | released = | jeps = 17 | removed = Java applets, Java Web Start, JavaFX, JavaEE, and CORBA modules JDK 11 was released on September 25, 2018 and the version is currently open for bug fixes. It offers LTS, or Long-Term Support. Among others, Java 11 includes a number of new features, such as:

A number of features from previous releases were dropped; in particular, Java applets and Java Web Start are no longer available. JavaFX, Java EE and CORBA modules have been removed from JDK.

Java 11 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 11 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 112018-09-25Initial release
Java SE 11.0.12018-10-16Changes
Java SE 11.0.22019-01-15Known issues
Java SE 11.0.32019-04-16New features
Java SE 11.0.42019-07-16New features
Java SE 11.0.52019-10-15New features
Java SE 11.0.62020-01-14New features
Java SE 11.0.72020-04-14New features
Java SE 11.0.82020-07-14New features
Java SE 11.0.92020-10-20New features
Java SE 11.0.102021-01-19New features
Java SE 11.0.112021-04-20New features
Java SE 11.0.122021-07-20New features
Java SE 11.0.132021-10-19New features
Java SE 11.0.142022-01-18New features
Java SE 11.0.152022-04-19New features
Java SE 11.0.162022-07-19New features
Java SE 11.0.16.12022-08-18Changes
Java SE 11.0.172022-10-18New features
Java SE 11.0.182023-01-17New features
Java SE 11.0.192023-04-18New features
Java SE 11.0.202023-07-18New features
Java SE 11.0.212023-10-17New features
Java SE 11.0.222024-01-16New features
Java SE 11.0.232024-04-16
Java SE 11.0.242024-07-16
Java SE 11.0.252024-10-15
Java SE 11.0.262025-01-21
Java SE 11.0.272025-04-15
Java SE 11.0.282025-07-15
Java SE 11.0.292025-10-21
::

Java 12

Java SE 12

| version name = Java SE 12 | released = | jeps = 8 | previews = Enhanced switch statements | public_death = JDK 12 was released on March 19, 2019. Among others, Java 12 includes a number of new features, such as:

The preview feature JEP 325 extends the switch statement so it can also be used as an expression, and adds a new form of case label where the right hand side is an expression. No break statement is needed. For complex expressions a yield statement can be used. This becomes standard in Java SE 14.

::code[lang=java] int ndays = switch(month) { case JAN, MAR, MAY, JUL, AUG, OCT, DEC -> 31; case APR, JUN, SEP, NOV -> 30; case FEB -> { if (year % 400 == 0) yield 29; else if (year % 100 == 0) yield 28; else if (year % 4 == 0) yield 29; else yield 28; } }; ::

Java 12 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 12 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 122019-03-19Initial release
Java SE 12.0.12019-04-16Known issues
Java SE 12.0.22019-07-16Removed features and options
::

Java 13

Java SE 13

| version name = Java SE 13 | released = | jeps = 5 | previews = Enhanced switch statements, text blocks | public_death = JDK 13 was released on September 17, 2019. Java 13 includes the following new features, as well as "hundreds of smaller enhancements and thousands of bug fixes".

JEP 355 Text Blocks allows multiline string literals:

::code[lang=java] String html = """

Hello, world

"""; ::

Java 13 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 13 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 132019-09-17Initial release
Java SE 13.0.12019-10-15Other notes
Java SE 13.0.22020-01-14Other notes
::

Java 14

Java SE 14

| version name = Java SE 14 | released = | jeps = 16 | features = Helpful NullPointerExceptions, enhanced switch statements | removed = Remove Concurrent Mark Sweep garbage collector | previews = Pattern matching for instanceof, records, text blocks | incubating = jpackager, Foreign memory access | public_death = JDK 14 was released on March 17, 2020. Java 14 includes the following new features, as well as "hundreds of smaller enhancements and thousands of bug fixes".

JEP 305, Pattern Matching for instanceof simplifies the common case of an instanceof test being immediately followed by cast, replacing

::code[lang=java] if (obj instanceof String) { String s = (String)obj; System.out.println(s.length()); } ::

with

::code[lang=java] if (obj instanceof String s) { System.out.println(s.length()); } ::

JEP 359 Records allows easy creation of simple immutable Tuple-like classes.

::code[lang=java] record Point(int x, int y) { } Point p = new Point(3, 4); System.out.println(p.x()); ::

Java 14 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 14 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 142020-03-17Initial release
Java SE 14.0.12020-04-14Bug fixes
Java SE 14.0.22020-07-14Removed features and options
::

Java 15

Java SE 15

| version name = Java SE 15 | released = | jeps = 14 | features = Hidden classes, ZGC (garbage collector), Shenandoah (garbage collector), text blocks | removed = JavaScript engine, Solaris and SPARC ports | previews = Sealed classes, pattern matching of instanceof, records | incubating = Foreign-memory access | public_death =

JDK 15 was released on September 15, 2020. Java 15 adds e.g. support for multi-line string literals (aka Text Blocks). The Shenandoah and Z garbage collectors (latter sometimes abbreviated ZGC) are now ready for use in production (i.e. no longer marked experimental). Support for Oracle's Solaris operating system (and SPARC CPUs) is dropped (while still available in e.g. Java 11). The Nashorn JavaScript Engine is removed. Also removed some root CA certificates.

JEP 360 Sealed Classes adds sealed classes and interfaces that restrict which other classes or interfaces may extend or implement them. Only those classes specified in a permits clause may extend the class or interface. ::code[lang=java] package com.example.geometry;

public abstract sealed class Shape permits Circle, Rectangle, Square {...} ::

Together with records, sealed classes are sum types. They work well with other recent features like records, switch expressions, and pattern matching for instance-of. They all form part of a system for "Pattern matching in Java" first discussed by Gavin Bierman and Brian Goetz, in September 2018.

Java 15 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 15 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 152020-09-15Initial release
Java SE 15.0.12020-10-20New features
Java SE 15.0.22021-01-19Other notes
::

Java 16

Java SE 16

| version name = Java SE 16 | released = | jeps = 17 | features = Windows/AArch64 Port, jpackager, pattern matching for instanceof, records | previews = Sealed classes | incubating = Foreign linker, Foreign-memory access | public_death =

JDK 16 was released on March 16, 2021. Java 16 removes Ahead-of-Time compilation (and Graal JIT) options. The Java implementation itself was and is still written in C++, while as of Java 16, more recent C++14 (but still not e.g. C++17 or C++20) is allowed. The code was also moved to GitHub, dropping Mercurial as the source control system.

  • — not yet stable

Java 16 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 16 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 162021-03-16Initial release
Java SE 16.0.12021-04-20Other notes
Java SE 16.0.22021-07-20Removed features and options
::

Java 17

Java SE 17 (LTS)

| version name = Java SE 17 | lts = yes | released = | jeps = 14 | features = macOS/AArch64 Port, sealed classes | removed = AOT compiler, RMI activation, [strictfp](strictfp) keyword made obsolete (JEP 306) | previews = Switch pattern matching | incubating = Vector API, Foreign function & memory API JDK 17 was released in September 2021. Java 17 is the 2nd long-term support (LTS) release since switching to the new 6-month release cadence (the first being Java 11).

JEP 406 extends the pattern matching syntax used in instanceof operations to switch statements and expressions. It allows cases to be selected based on the type of the argument, null cases and refining patterns

::code[lang=java] Object o = ...; return switch (o) { case null -> "Null"; case String s -> "String %s".formatted(s); case Long l -> "long %d".formatted(l); case Double d -> "double %f".formatted(d); case Integer i && i > 0 // refining patterns -> "positive int %d".formatted(i); case Integer i && i == 0 -> "zero int %d".formatted(i); case Integer i && i < 0 -> "negative int %d".formatted(i); default -> o.toString(); }; ::

Java 17 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 17 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 172021-09-14Initial release
Java SE 17.0.12021-10-19Removed features and options
Java SE 17.0.22022-01-18Removed features and options
Java SE 17.0.32022-04-19New features
Java SE 17.0.3.12022-05-02Changes
Java SE 17.0.42022-07-19New features
Java SE 17.0.4.12022-08-18Changes
Java SE 17.0.52022-10-18New features
Java SE 17.0.62023-01-17New features
Java SE 17.0.72023-04-18New features
Java SE 17.0.82023-07-18New features
Java SE 17.0.92023-10-17New features
Java SE 17.0.102024-01-16New features
Java SE 17.0.112024-04-16
Java SE 17.0.122024-07-16
Java SE 17.0.132024-10-15
Java SE 17.0.142025-01-21
Java SE 17.0.152025-04-15
Java SE 17.0.162025-07-15
Java SE 17.0.172025-10-21
::

Java 18

Java SE 18

| version name = Java SE 18 | released = | jeps = 9 | features = | removed = Deprecated finalization for removal | previews = Switch pattern matching | incubating = | public_death = JDK 18 was released on March 22, 2022.

Java 18 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 18 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 182022-03-22Initial release
Java SE 18.0.12022-04-19New features
Java SE 18.0.1.12022-05-02core-libs/java.io
Java SE 18.0.22022-07-19Removed features and options
Java SE 18.0.2.12022-08-18Changes
::

Java 19

Java SE 19

| version name = Java SE 19 | released = | jeps = 7 | previews = | incubating = | lts = no | public_death =

JDK 19 was released on 20 September 2022.

JEP 405 allows record patterns, extending the pattern matching capabilities of instanceof operators, and switch expressions, to include record patterns that explicitly refer to the components of the record. ::code[lang=java] record Rectangle(int x, int y, int w, int h) {}

int area(Object o) { if (o instanceof Rectangle(int x, int y, int w, int h)) { return w * h; } return 0; } ::

Such patterns can include nested patterns, where the components of records are themselves records, allowing patterns to match more object graphs.

Java 19 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 19 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 192022-09-20Initial release
Java SE 19.0.12022-10-18Other notes
Java SE 19.0.22023-01-17New features
::

Java 20

Java SE 20

| version name = Java SE 20 | lts = no | released = | jeps = 7 | incubating = Scoped values | public_support_ended =

Java 20 was released on 21 March 2023. All JEPs were either incubators or previews.

Java 20 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 20 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 202023-03-21Initial release
Java SE 20.0.12023-04-18Other notes
Java SE 20.0.22023-07-18New features
::

Java 21

Java SE 21 (LTS)

| version name = Java SE 21 | lts = yes | released = | jeps = 15 | features = Record patterns, pattern matching for switch, virtual threads | previews = String templates, unnamed classes and main methods | incubating = Vector API

Java 21 was released on 19 September 2023. The 32-bit version of Java for Windows on x86 was deprecated for removal with this release. The following JEPs were added, including eight JEPs that graduated from the incubating and preview stages, compared to Java 20 which only had previewing and incubating JEPs. Java 21 introduces features first previewed in Java 17 (pattern matching for switch statements) and Java 19 (record patterns). All JEPs added with Java 21 include the following:

JEP 445, previewing unnamed classes, allows for a barebones Main class without boilerplate code: void main() { System.out.println("Hello, World!"); }

instead of : public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, World!"); } }

Java 21 updates

::data[format=table title="class="nowrap" | Table of Java 21 updates"]

ReleaseRelease dateHighlights
Java SE 212023-09-19Initial release
Java SE 21.0.12023-10-17Other notes
Java SE 21.0.22024-01-16New features
Java SE 21.0.32024-04-16New features
Java SE 21.0.42024-07-16
Java SE 21.0.52024-10-15
Java SE 21.0.62025-01-21
Java SE 21.0.72025-04-15
Java SE 21.0.82025-07-25
Java SE 21.0.92025-07-25
::

Java 22

Java SE 22

| version name = Java SE 22 | released = | lts = no | jeps = 12 | public_support_ended = | features = Foreign function and memory API, unnamed variables and patterns | previews = Structured concurrency, string templates | incubating = Vector API

Java 22 was released on March 19, 2024. The following features, or JEPs, were added with this release: 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.

An API related to Java's threading implementation, java.lang.Thread.countStackFrames, was removed.

Java 23

Java SE 23

| version name = Java SE 23 | released = | jeps = 12 | features = Markdown documentation comments | previews = Primitive types in Patterns, instanceof, and switch, Class-File API, Stream Gatherers, Module import declarations, Implicitly declared classes and instance main methods, structured concurrency, scoped values, flexible constructor bodies | incubating = Vector API | supported = yes

Java 23 was released on September 17, 2024, with the following JEPs: 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.

The String Templates preview feature was removed in Java 23 due to issues with the design of the feature.

Java 24

Java SE 24

| version name = Java SE 24 | released = | jeps = 24 | supported = yes

The specification for Java 24 was finalized in December 2024, with 24 JEPs making it into the release and it was released on 18 March 2025.

The following JEPs were targeted to this version of Java SE: 1.

  1. (formerly known as Project Lilliput)

Java SE 24 is the last release of Java to officially support the 32-bit x86 edition of Microsoft Windows 10.

Java 25

Java SE 25 (LTS)

| version name = Java SE 25 | lts = yes | released = | jeps = 18 | features = {{Ubl|

  • Module Import Declarations
  • Flexible Constructor Bodies | removed = {{Ubl|
  • 32-bit x86 Port | previews = {{Ubl |
  • Primitive Types in Patterns, instanceof, and switch
  • PEM Encodings of Cryptographic Objects | unreleased = no

The specification for Java 25 was finalized in July 2025, with 18 JEPs making it into the release. Java 25 was released on September 16, 2025.

Java SE 26

| version name = Java SE 26 | lts = no | released = | jeps = 10 | features = | removed = Applet API | previews = | unreleased = yes

The specification for Java 26 was finalized in December 2025, with 10 JEPs making it into the release. Java 26 is scheduled for release on on March 17, 2026.

The following JEPs were targeted to this release of Java SE:

Java 26 removes support for creating Java applets with the Applet API, after having been deprecated since the release of Java 17 in September 2021.

Future features

  • Project Valhalla: Value classes, whose objects lack identity, but can in certain cases get an improved memory layout (with less indirection), or have their allocation optimized away entirely.
  • Project Panama:
    • Improved interoperability with native code, to enable Java source code to call functions and use data types from other languages, in a way that is easier and has better performance than today (this part of Project Panama is getting stabilized in Java 22 under JEP 454: Foreign Function & Memory API).
    • Vector API, a portable and relatively low-level abstraction layer for SIMD programming. Its stabilization is dependent on Project Valhalla.
  • Project Lilliput: Reduce the size of Java object headers. First down to 64 bits, and then down to 32 bits.
  • Reducing startup time and warm-up time (time to peak performance) in JIT mode:
    • Project CRaC enables making snapshots of whole JVM (together with the running application) and restoring it with necessary adjustments (reopening files, sockets, etc).
    • Project Leyden, among other things, will allow partial or (in the long term) full AOT compiling, reducing overall dynamism (by adopting so called "closed-world constraints") to reduce dynamic compiling overhead.
  • Project Babylon aims to extend the Java language's reach to alternative programming models with an enhancement to its reflective programming abilities, called code reflection (i.e., reflection over code itself). The stated main goal is to run Java code on GPUs, with SQL and other programming models as secondary targets.

Implementations

The officially supported Java platform, first developed at Sun and now stewarded by Oracle, is Java SE. Releases are based on the OpenJDK project, a free and open-source project with an open development model. Other Java implementations exist, however—in part due to Java's early history as proprietary software. In contrast, some implementations were created to offer some benefits over the standard implementation, often the result of some area of academic or corporate-sponsored research. Many Linux distributions include builds of OpenJDK through the IcedTea project started by Red Hat, which provides a more straightforward build and integration environment.

Visual J++ and the Microsoft Java Virtual Machine were created as incompatible implementations. After the Sun v. Microsoft lawsuit, Microsoft abandoned it and began work on the .NET platform. In 2021, Microsoft started distributing compatible "Microsoft Build of OpenJDK" for Java 11 first then also for Java 17. Their builds support not only Windows, but also Linux and macOS.

Other proprietary Java implementations are available, such as Azul's Zing. Azul offers certified open source OpenJDK builds under the Zulu moniker.

Prior to the release of OpenJDK, while Sun's implementation was still proprietary, the GNU Classpath project was created to provide a free and open-source implementation of the Java platform. Since the release of JDK 7, when OpenJDK became the official reference implementation, the original motivation for the GNU Classpath project almost completely disappeared, and its last release was in 2012.

The Apache Harmony project was started shortly before the release of OpenJDK. After Sun's initial source code release, the Harmony project continued, working to provide an implementation under a lax license, in contrast to the protective license chosen for OpenJDK. Google later developed Android and released it under a lax license. Android incorporated parts of the Harmony project, supplemented with Google's own Dalvik virtual machine and ART. Apache Harmony has since been retired, and Google has switched its Harmony components with equivalent ones from OpenJDK.

Both Jikes and Jikes RVM are open-source research projects that IBM developed.

Several other implementations exist that started as proprietary software, but are now open source. IBM initially developed OpenJ9 as the proprietary J9, but has since relicensed the project and donated it to the Eclipse Foundation. JRockit is a proprietary implementation that was acquired by Oracle and incorporated into subsequent OpenJDK versions.

Most commonly used implementations in 2025

Amazon developed Corretto, a no-cost, multiplatform, production-ready distribution of OpenJDK with long-term support that includes performance enhancements and security fixes. Corretto is certified as compatible with the Java SE standard and is used internally at Amazon for many production services.

The Eclipse Temurin project, formerly known as AdoptOpenJDK, provides prebuilt OpenJDK binaries from a fully open source build farm. The project transitioned to the Eclipse Foundation in 2021 as part of the Adoptium Working Group, which ensures high-quality, vendor-neutral Java runtime distributions.

BellSoft Liberica JDK is another OpenJDK-based implementation that provides builds for a wide range of platforms, including support for embedded systems and older architectures. It offers both standard and "Full" versions that include additional components like JavaFX.

SAP Machine is SAP's downstream distribution of OpenJDK, optimized for SAP applications and deployments. It provides both short-term and long-term support releases aligned with OpenJDK's release schedule.

Alibaba Dragonwell is a downstream version of OpenJDK with some in-house optimizations. It includes enhancements in startup performance, footprint, and throughput.

GraalVM represents a significant departure from traditional Java implementations. Developed by Oracle Labs, it provides a polyglot virtual machine supporting multiple languages beyond Java, including JavaScript, Python, Ruby, and R. GraalVM includes an advanced just-in-time compiler written in Java and supports ahead-of-time compilation for creating native executables, substantially reducing startup time and memory footprint.

The Red Hat build of OpenJDK is Red Hat's supported distribution of OpenJDK for Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Windows, providing long-term support and regular updates as part of Red Hat's subscription offerings.

The Semeru Runtime, based on the Eclipse OpenJ9 JVM and OpenJDK class libraries, is IBM's no-cost Java runtime optimized for cloud deployments. It offers improved startup time, smaller memory footprint, and better throughput compared to HotSpot-based implementations.

References

References

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  2. (2017-09-12). "Calling 'all aboard' on the six-month Java release train". theserverside.com.
  3. Reinhold, Mark. (2018-08-17). "What does LTS mean for OpenJDK?".
  4. "OpenJDK JDK 25 General-Availability Release".
  5. "JavaSoft ships Java 1.0".
  6. (2001). "Mobile Information Device Profile for Java 2 Micro Edition: Developer's Guide". [[John Wiley & Sons]].
  7. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080210044125/http://www.sun.com/smi/Press/sunflash/1997-02/sunflash.970219.0001.xml Version 1.1 press release], Sun.
  8. Tennant, Don. (March 15, 1997). "Taligent prepares internationalisation technology for the big time". [[IDG]].
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  11. "Version 1.3 full list of changes".
  12. "How do I run Java on a Windows 95 computer?".
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  14. "Version full 1.4 list of changes".
  15. (2010). "Java 2 Platform 5.0 and Java for Business 5.0". [[Oracle Corporation]].
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  387. "Liberica JDK".
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