Jaswant Singh

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Indian politician (1938–2020)

title: "Jaswant Singh" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["jaswant-singh", "1938-births", "2020-deaths", "india-mps-1989–1991", "india-mps-1991–1996", "india-mps-1996–1997", "india-mps-2009–2014", "people-from-barmer,-rajasthan", "military-personnel-from-rajasthan", "bharatiya-janata-party-politicians-from-rajasthan", "mayo-college-alumni", "lok-sabha-members-from-west-bengal", "candidates-in-the-2014-indian-general-election", "leaders-of-the-opposition-in-the-rajya-sabha", "deaths-from-sepsis-in-india", "ministers-for-external-affairs-of-india", "ministers-of-finance-of-india", "military-personnel-of-the-indo-pakistani-war-of-1965", "people-of-the-sino-indian-war", "infectious-disease-deaths-in-india", "indian-vice-presidential-candidates", "indian-hindus", "indian-autobiographers", "muhammad-ali-jinnah", "rajasthani-language-writers", "rajasthani-people", "commerce-and-industry-ministers-of-india", "politicians-from-jaipur", "english-editors", "members-of-the-cabinet-of-india", "vajpayee-administration", "candidates-in-the-2009-indian-general-election", "ministers-for-corporate-affairs", "rajya-sabha-members-from-rajasthan", "lok-sabha-members-from-rajasthan", "ministers-of-defence-of-india", "the-darling-foundation-prize-laureates"] description: "Indian politician (1938–2020)" topic_path: "economics" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Indian politician (1938–2020) ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox officeholder"]

FieldValue
honorific-prefixMajor
nameJaswant Singh
imageJaswant Singh as Defence Minister of India.jpg
captionSingh as Defence Minister of India in 2001
birth_date
birth_placeJasol, Rajputana Agency, British India (present-day Rajasthan, India)
death_placeNew Delhi, India
office121st Union Minister of Finance
primeminister1Atal Bihari Vajpayee
term_start11 July 2002
term_end121 May 2004
predecessor1Yashwant Sinha
successor1P. Chidambaram
primeminister2Atal Bihari Vajpayee
term_start216 May 1996
term_end21 June 1996
predecessor2Manmohan Singh
successor2P. Chidambaram
office319th Union Minister of Defence
primeminister3Atal Bihari Vajpayee
term_start316 March 2001
term_end318 October 2001
predecessor3George Fernandes
successor3George Fernandes
office423rd Union Minister of External Affairs
primeminister4Atal Bihari Vajpayee
term_start425 March 1998
term_end41 July 2002
predecessor4Atal Bihari Vajpayee
successor4Yashwant Sinha
office524th Leader of House, Rajya Sabha
primeminister5Atal Bihari Vajpayee
1blankname5Rajya Sabha Chairperson
1namedata5{{ubl
term_start513 October 1999
term_end522 May 2004
predecessor5Sikander Bakht
successor5Manmohan Singh
office611th Leader of the Opposition, Rajya Sabha
primeminister6Manmohan Singh
1blankname6Rajya Sabha Chairperson
1namedata6{{ubl
term_start63 June 2004
term_end616 May 2009
predecessor6Manmohan Singh
successor6Arun Jaitley
office7Member of parliament, Lok Sabha
term_start716 May 2009
term_end716 May 2014
predecessor7Dawa Narbula
successor7Surendrajeet Singh Ahluwalia
constituency7Darjeeling
term_start81989
term_end81991
predecessor8Ashok Gehlot
successor8Ashok Gehlot
constituency8Jodhpur
office921st Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission
termstart925 March 1998
predecessor9Madhu Dandavate
termend94 February 1999
successor9K. C. Pant
primeminister9Atal Bihari Vajpayee
partyBharatiya Janata Party (until 2014)
otherpartyIndependent (2014 – 2020)
alma_mater{{ubl
nationalityIndian
spouse
children2 (including Manvendra Singh)
website
allegianceIndia
branch
serviceyears1957 – 1966
rank[[File:Major of the Indian Army.svg
unitThe Central India Horse
battles{{ubl
signatureJaswant Singh(cropped) Signature.jpg
death_date
awards
::

| honorific-prefix = Major | name = Jaswant Singh | image = Jaswant Singh as Defence Minister of India.jpg | caption = Singh as Defence Minister of India in 2001 | birth_date = | birth_place = Jasol, Rajputana Agency, British India (present-day Rajasthan, India) | death_place = New Delhi, India | office1 = 21st Union Minister of Finance | primeminister1 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | term_start1 = 1 July 2002 | term_end1 = 21 May 2004 | predecessor1 = Yashwant Sinha | successor1 = P. Chidambaram | primeminister2 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | constituency = | term_start2 = 16 May 1996 | term_end2 = 1 June 1996 | predecessor2 = Manmohan Singh | successor2 = P. Chidambaram | office3 = 19th Union Minister of Defence | primeminister3 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | term_start3 = 16 March 2001 | term_end3 = 18 October 2001 | predecessor3 = George Fernandes | successor3 = George Fernandes | office4 = 23rd Union Minister of External Affairs | primeminister4 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | term_start4 = 25 March 1998 | term_end4 = 1 July 2002 | predecessor4 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | successor4 = Yashwant Sinha | office5 = 24th Leader of House, Rajya Sabha | primeminister5 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | 1blankname5 = Rajya Sabha Chairperson | 1namedata5 = {{ubl | Krishan Kant | Bhairon Singh Shekhawat | term_start5 = 13 October 1999 | term_end5 = 22 May 2004 | predecessor5 = Sikander Bakht | successor5 = Manmohan Singh | office6 = 11th Leader of the Opposition, Rajya Sabha | primeminister6 = Manmohan Singh | 1blankname6 = Rajya Sabha Chairperson | 1namedata6 = {{ubl | Bhairon Singh Shekhawat | Mohammad Hamid Ansari | term_start6 = 3 June 2004 | term_end6 = 16 May 2009 | predecessor6 = Manmohan Singh | successor6 = Arun Jaitley | office7 = Member of parliament, Lok Sabha | term_start7 = 16 May 2009 | term_end7 = 16 May 2014 | predecessor7 = Dawa Narbula | successor7 = Surendrajeet Singh Ahluwalia | constituency7 = Darjeeling | term_start8 = 1989 | term_end8 = 1991 | predecessor8 = Ashok Gehlot | successor8 = Ashok Gehlot | constituency8 = Jodhpur | office9 = 21st Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission | termstart9 = 25 March 1998 | predecessor9 = Madhu Dandavate | termend9 = 4 February 1999 | successor9 = K. C. Pant | primeminister9 = Atal Bihari Vajpayee | party = Bharatiya Janata Party (until 2014) | otherparty = Independent (2014 – 2020) | alma_mater = {{ubl|National Defence Academy | Indian Military Academy | Mayo College | nationality = Indian | spouse = | children = 2 (including Manvendra Singh) | website = | allegiance = India | branch = | serviceyears = 1957 – 1966 | rank = [[File:Major of the Indian Army.svg|22px]] Major | unit = The Central India Horse | battles = {{ubl | Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 | Sino-Indian War | footnotes = | date = | year = | source = | signature = Jaswant Singh(cropped) Signature.jpg | death_date = | awards =

Major Jaswant Singh (3 January 193827 September 2020) was an Indian Army officer and politician. He was one of the founding members of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and was one of India's longest serving parliamentarians, having been a member of the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha almost continuously between 1980 and 2014. He was NDA's Vice-presidential candidate in the 2012 Indian vice-presidential election. Singh was the only leader from Rajasthan who became Minister Of External Affairs, Finance and Defence.

He was elected on a BJP ticket to the Rajya Sabha five times (1980, 1986, 1998, 1999, 2004) and to the Lok Sabha four times (1990, 1991, 1996, 2009). During the Vajpayee administration between 1998 and 2004, he held multiple cabinet portfolios including Finance, External Affairs and Defence. He also served as the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission between 1998 and 1999. In the aftermath of India's nuclear tests of 1998, he was deputed by Prime Minister Vajpayee to act as India's representative to hold repeated, long-term dialogue with the United States (represented by Strobe Talbott) on matters related to nuclear policy and strategy; the outcome of the sustained engagement was positive for both countries. After his party lost power in 2004, he served as Leader of Opposition in the Rajya Sabha from 2004 to 2009.

Singh incurred the displeasure of his party colleagues when, after the party suffered its second successive defeat in 2009, he circulated a note demanding a thorough discussion on the debacle. Weeks later, a book authored by him was released, in which he was found to have written sympathetically about Jinnah. Post the event, Singh found himself marginalised within the party. In the elections of 2014, his party decided not to field him from any constituency. He decided to contest anyway as an independent from his native constituency of Barmer (against Col. Sonaram Chaudhary) in Rajasthan. He was expelled from the BJP on 29 March 2014 when he did not withdraw his independent candidature, and went on to lose the election.

On 7 August 2014, he suffered a fall in the bathroom of residence and suffered a serious head injury. In June 2020 he was admitted to Army's Research and Referral hospital in Delhi for treatment. He remained in a state of coma for six years till his death in 2020.

Early life

Singh was born on 3 January 1938 in the village of Jasol in Rajputana Agency of British India (now Balotra district) of Rajasthan, India in a Rajput family. His father was Sardar Singh Rathore of Jasol and mother was Kunwar Baisa. Singh was married to Sheetal Kanwar. They had two sons. His elder son, Manvendra Singh, is a former Member of Parliament from Barmer. He was an officer in the Indian Army in the 1960s and was an alumnus of Mayo College and the National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla.

After his education from the National Defence Academy, he was enrolled in the Indian Army in the year 1957 and was designated to the position of the Captain in the Central India Horse unit. And he was also a participant of Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and was the commander of his unit. He was a Major at the time of Sino-Indian border dispute of the year 1965 after which he retired from the Indian Army in the next year to join politics after serving in the Armed forces for 10 years. He was a close accompany of Bhairon Singh Shekhawat and made his links with Bharatiya Jana Sangh. He was a member and associate of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh from the 1960s.

Career events

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Vladimir_Putin_with_Jaswant_Singh-1.jpg" caption="Singh with Russian Prime Minister [[Vladimir Putin]] in 2000."] ::

In the Vajpayee government, Singh was External Affairs Minister, and later went on to become the Finance Minister. He was also the Defence Minister when George Fernandes was forced to resign after the Tehelka exposure.

Singh is widely regarded for his handling of relations with the United States which were strained after the 1998 Indian nuclear tests but which ameliorated soon after culminating in the 2000 visit of U.S. President Bill Clinton to India. His skill as a negotiator and diplomat during talks with the United States has been well acknowledged by his U.S. counterpart Strobe Talbott.

Singh has been frequently criticised by political parties for escorting terrorists to Kandhahar, Afghanistan. They were released by the Government of India in exchange for passengers from the hijacked Indian Airlines flight IC 814.

Singh was denied a Member of Parliament ticket for Barmer by BJP for the 2014 Indian general election over Col. Sonaram Choudhary. Unhappy, Singh filed his nomination as an independent candidate from Barmer constituency. Subsequently, he was expelled from BJP for six years and lost the election.

Political life

Singh entered politics in the 1960s, with the first few years of his political life seeing limited recognition, until he was initiated in the Jan Sangh. He tasted success in his political career in 1980 when he was first selected for the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Indian parliament. He served as Finance minister in the short-lived government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, which lasted just from 16 May 1996, to 1 June 1996. After Vajpayee became Prime Minister again two years later, he became Minister for External Affairs of India, serving from 5 December 1998 until 1 July 2002. Responsible for foreign policy, he dealt with high tensions between India and Pakistan. In July 2002 he became Finance Minister again, switching posts with Yashwant Sinha. He served as Finance Minister until the defeat of the Vajpayee government in May 2004 and was instrumental in defining and pushing through the market-friendly reforms of the government. He was conferred the Outstanding Parliamentarian Award for the year 2001. On 19 August 2009, he was expelled from BJP after criticism over his remarks in his book which allegedly praised the founder of Pakistan in his book Jinnah – India, Partition, Independence. His last major position was as Leader of Opposition in the Rajya Sabha from 2004 to 2009.

He was denied a ticket by the party to contest the 2014 Lok Sabha Parliamentary Elections from the Barmer-Jaisalmer constituency in Rajasthan. He was subsequently expelled from the BJP after deciding to contest the elections as an independent candidate and lost to his former party's candidate Col. Sonaram Choudhary. Jaswant Singh was elected from Darjeeling Seat from the year 2009 to 2014.

Ministries and Work

Jaswant Singh held many ministries under the government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, including several important such as Defence, External Affairs and Finance. He has also held many important positions including that of Electronics and Science and Technology.

Minister of Finance (First time)

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/The_Union_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_General_Budget_in_New_Delhi_on_February_03,_2004.jpg" caption="date=12 June 2019 }}"] ::

Minister of External Affairs

After Atal Bihari Vajpayee becomes the Prime Minister of India for the second time in the year 1998, then Singh was appointed as the Minister of External Affairs and succeeded Atal Bihari Vajpayee himself for the position. He was at that time first Rajasthani to be a Minister of External Affairs of India at Union level in the Central Government. Singh has been one of the most trusted man of Vajpayee and was given task of establishing better international relation with the other nations. He has represented nation at an international level in the times of Kargil War and India's nuclear test. He was part of the Indian crisis management team who went to Kandahar after the IC 814 plane hijack. He remained Minister till 5 December 2002 after the removal of George Fernandes due to the Tehelka conspiracy. As the Minister of External Affairs he launched the first free-trade agreement (with Sri Lanka) in South Asia's history, initiated India's most daring diplomatic opening to Pakistan, revitalised relations with the US, and reoriented the Indian military, abandoning its Soviet-inspired doctrines and weaponry for close ties with the West.

Pokhran-II Pressure

Main article: Pokhran-II

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Vladimir_Putin_in_India_2-5_October_2000-1.jpg" caption="978-0-7656-1419-3}}."] ::

Kargil War

Main article: Kargil War

After the Kargil War and the win of Indian Armed forces in July 1999 the use of WMD led to a serious pressure of the world on India and this was led by the anger of United States against India due to Pokhran-II Nuclear test series and supported in the favour of Pakistan. At that time Singh was the one who represented India at the international level and had made many interviews with news channels and also made diplomatic talks with leaders and representatives of the United States], China, France, and many other nations. After that Singh made an interview with Atal Bihari Vajpayee in which to strengthening the position of Indian Government there was a release of a leaked conversation of Pervez Musharraf in which he admitted that he was involved in the attack on India in Kargil district in 1999 and that he also planned an attack to kill Nawaz Sharif and become the President of Pakistan. This was known to be a masterpiece and led to a very strong point resulting in the India's diplomatic relations and proving the burden of war on General Musharraf. After that India was freed from allegations of the Kargil War.

Kandahar Hijack

Main article: Indian Airlines Flight 814#Political aftermath

The terrorists of Taliban hijacked the Indian Airlines Flight 814 on 24 December 1999 on the Tribhuvan International Airport of Kathmandu, Nepal. The motive for the hijacking apparently was to secure the release of Islamist figures held in prison in India. The hostage crisis lasted for seven days and ended after India agreed to release three militants – Mushtaq Ahmed Zargar, Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh, and Mulana Masood Azhar. This hijack was also helped by Dawood Ibrahim and Al-Qaeda linked Jihadis. Then after too much suggestions and pressure then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee agrees on the demand of the hijackers of Taliban and sends Ajit Doval in Kandahar and after that Vajpayee decided to send Singh as he was one of the most trusted men. He was sent to Kandahar of Afghanistan to escort the terrorists and take back the crew members. It was also said that Singh has made a secret talks with Taliban Foreign Minister Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil and made an agreement of 3 terrorists in exchange of 170 crew members including men, women and children. Later terrorists also demanded 900 crores rupees and 36 other terrorists, but somehow it was denied. On 31 December 1999 on New Year of 2000 all 176 were released and they all landed to Indira Gandhi International Airport.

The incident is seen as a failure of the BJP government under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and IB chief Ajit Doval said that India would have had a stronger negotiating hand if the aircraft had not been allowed to leave Indian territory. Doval, the IB chief, who led the four-member negotiating team to Kandahar, described the whole incident as a "diplomatic failure" of the government in their inability to make the US and UAE use their influence to help secure a quick release of the passengers. Singh also received criticism for praising the Taliban for their co-operation after the hostages had been returned. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Defense.gov_News_Photo_010406-D-9880W-020.jpg" caption="Jaswant Singh having talks on Defence on 6 April 2001, along with [[Donald H. Rumsfeld]]."] ::

Minister of Defence

Singh was appointed as the Minister of Defence of India in the year 2000 after minister before him, George Fernandes was convicted in the Tehelka case and was forced to resign from his position. He remained as the Minister from 2000 to 2001 after which Fernandes was re-appointed as the Minister of Defence after getting cleanchit in the conspiracy. After that in the year 2002 he was re-appointed as the Minister of Finance of India in the Vajpayee Government.

Finance Minister (Second term)

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Composition_of_indias_agricultural_output_in_2003-04.png" caption="Composition of Agricultural output."] ::

After returning of George Fernandes as the Defence Minister for the second time after getting cleanchit in Tehelka case, Singh was appointed as the Union Minister of Finance in 2002 and remained till 2004 after the Vajpayee Government lost the 2004 General Election and passed the position to P. Chidambaram. In his reign of 2 years for the second time he has been known to make market-friendly reforms in the Economy of India and due to his good diplomatic skills and good relations with other nations from the times when he was the Minister of External Affairs.

In late 2002 and 2003 the government pushed through economic reforms. Due to the good administration of Jaswant Singh the country's GDP growth exceeded 7% every year from 2003 to 2007, following three years of sub-5% growth. Increasing foreign investment, modernisation of public and industrial infrastructure, the creation of jobs, a rising high-tech and IT industry and urban modernisation and expansion improved the nation's international image. Good crop harvests and strong industrial expansion also helped the economy. The rate of stock growth under him as the Finance Ministry was also at one of the highest points in the Indian Economic Growth groth history under the period of two years of his ministry and the Inflation rate was also very much good in the period of the two years. From 2002 to 2004, the economy of India was one of the fastest growing in the world and one of the leading agricultural nations and second most output after China.

Positions and offices==

Leader of Rajya Sabha

Jaswant Singh was appointed as the Member of Parliament of Rajya Sabha for the fourth time in the year 1999 and after the formation of the Vajpayee Government he was appointed as the Leader of Rajya Sabha on 13 October 1999 and remained till the time of fall of the Vajpayee Government on 22 May 2004 and succeeded the position to then Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh. In the time period Jaswant Singh held many crucial positions and ministries and before that he was previously serving in the position of Minister of External Affairs of India at Union Government and in this period he served as Minister of Defence and Finance.{{Efn|Jaswant Singh positions from 1999 to 2004 as the Leader of Rajya Sabha;

  • December 1998 – July 2000 – Union Cabinet Minister, External Affairs.
  • February 1999 – October 1999 – Union Cabinet Minister, Electronics (Simultaneous charge).
  • August 1999 – October 1999 – Union Cabinet Minister, Surface Transport (Simultaneous charge).
  • March 2001 – October 2001 – Union Cabinet Minister, Defence (Simultaneous charges).
  • July 2002 – April 2004 – Union Minister, Finance & Company Affairs.
  • April 2002 – May 2004 – Union Cabinet Minister, Finance.}}

Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha)

After the Vajpayee's government fell down and after that Singh who was earlier a Member of Parliament from Rajya Sabha from the state of Rajasthan was appointed as the Leader of Opposition of Rajya Sabha and hold the position for a time period of 5 years from 2004 to 2009. The mastermind of Rajasthan, Bhairon Singh Shekhawat when was appointed as the Vice-President of India and at that time Singh took the responsibility of strengthening the party in Central level and main focus in the state of Rajasthan. After the fall of National Democratic Alliance in the year 2004 and the weakening of senior-BJP leaders like Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Murli Manohar Joshi, Lal Krishna Advani and the politics of other big leaders like Bhairon Singh Shekhawat in central level, Singh as the leader of Opposition shifted his politics for the strengthening of the party in ground roots and in state levels in states of Western India such as Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and specially Rajasthan. Under this period Singh also served many non political position in the Indian government remaining as the leader of Opposition including: "Member of Committee for General purposes (from 2005-2006)", "Member, Committee on Science and Technology, Environment and Forests (from August 2004 to August 2004)" and "Member of Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Installation of Portraits/Statues of National Leaders and Parliamentarians in Parliament House Complex (August 2004May 2009)". After that then he was expelled from the party.[[File:Shri Jaswant Singh filing the nomination papers for the Vice Presidential election, at Parliament, in New Delhi on July 20, 2012. The Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha, Smt. Sushma Swaraj and other dignitaries are also seen.jpg|thumb|241x241px|Jaswant Singh submitting nomination papers for [[Vice-President of India]], along with [Sushma Swaraj] and [L K Advani].]]

Vice-president nominee

Main article: 2012 Indian vice presidential election

He was the candidate for the post of Vice-president for the NDA in 2012. Singh had filed his nomination papers on 20 July in the presence of National Democratic Alliance coalition leaders. Three sets of papers- one each by L. K. Advani, Sumitra Mahajan and Yashwant Sinha, supporting Singh's candidature were submitted to the returning officer Viswanathan. His candidature was announced by the NDA on 16 July. He meet All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam leader Jayalalithaa and Naveen Patnaik of Biju Janata Dal on 6 August asking them to support his candidature. He lost to Hamid Ansari who was the UPA's Vice-presidential candidate. In the Election he got 238 seats and received 32.69% of the votes, while Hamid Ansari got 490 seats and received 67.31% of the votes.

Controversy

  • A controversy erupted immediately after the release of his book, "A Call to Honour," in which Singh insinuated that a mole had existed in the Prime Ministerial Office during the tenure of P. V. Narasimha Rao, who had leaked information to U.S. sources about India's nuclear tests. Soon after, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh challenged him to name the mole. In response, Singh sent a letter to him. The letter, Manmohan Singh said later, had no signature, and no name of any mole. Jaswant Singh then backed off, saying his views on the subject were based on a "hunch".
  • Controversy hovered around him again when on 17 August 2009 another book authored by him, entitled Jinnah: India-Partition-Independence, was released. In this he praised Mohammad Ali Jinnah and claimed that the centralised policy of Jawaharlal Nehru was responsible for Partition. He was later expelled from the primary membership of BJP as a result of the ensuing controversy. In interviews with media he quoted BJP as narrow-minded and to have limited thought. In 2010, he was readmitted to BJP.

Death

::quote

::

| title = Statement on Singh's death | quote = It is with profound grief that we inform you about the sad demise of Hon’ble Major Jaswant Singh (Retd), former Cabinet Minister of Government of India at 6:55 a.m. on September 27, 2020. He was admitted on June 25, 2020, and being treated for Sepsis with Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome and effects of Severe Head Injury old (Optd) had a cardiac arrest this morning,” | author = Naresh Raj | source = Army Research and Referral Hospital | align = left | width = 500px | bgcolor = #00FF00 | title_bg = #ADD8E6 In June 2020, Singh was admitted to the Delhi's Army Hospital Research and Referral and was being treated for sepsis with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and effects of a severe head injury he suffered as a result of a fall in 2014. On 27 September he suffered cardiac arrest. Singh died at the age of 82 years. His death was triggered as a sign of honour and was mourned with full esteem and with state funeral. His last rites were done by his son Manvendra Singh and was cremated in Jodhpur, Rajasthan with full Hindu rituals. Due to COVID-19 pandemic only family members were present and very few relatives. Prime Minister Narendra Modi reacted on his death stated that "Jaswant Singh Ji served our nation diligently, first as a soldier and later during his long association with politics. During Atal Ji's Government, he handled crucial portfolios and left a strong mark in the worlds of Finance, Defence and External affairs. Saddened by his demise"

Positions held

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/The_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_is_being_presented_with_a_PAN_card_by_the_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_and_Chairman_CBDT_Shri_P.L._Singh,_in_New_Delhi_on_January_24,_2004.jpg" caption="Jaswant Singh with [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] and P. L. Singh in [[New Delhi]] on 24 January 2004."] ::

  1. 1980Elected to Rajya Sabha (1st term)
  2. 1986Re-elected to Rajya Sabha (2nd term)
  3. 19861989Member, Public Accounts Committee, Rajya Sabha
  4. 19861989Member, Committee on Privileges, Rajya Sabha
  5. 19861989Member, Committee on Public Undertakings, Rajya Sabha
  6. 1989Elected to 9th Lok Sabha from Jodhpur
  7. 19901992Member, Consultative Committee constituted under the Punjab State Legislature (Delegation of Power) Act, 1987
  8. 19891991Member, Panel of chairmen, Lok Sabha
  9. 19911996Chairman, Estimates Committee
  10. 1991Re-elected to 10th Lok Sabha (2nd term) from Chittorgarh
  11. 19911992Chairman, Committee on Environment and Forests
  12. 19911994Member, Business Advisory Committee
  13. 1992Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee to enquire into Irregularities in Securities and Banking Transactions
  14. 19931996Chairman, Standing Committee on Energy
  15. 1996Re-elected to 11th Lok Sabha (3rd term) from Chittorgarh
  16. May 1996June 1996Union Cabinet Minister, Finance
  17. March 1998February 1998Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission
  18. July 1998Re-elected to Rajya Sabha (3rd term)
  19. December 1998July 2000Union Cabinet Minister, External Affairs
  20. February 1999October 1999Union Cabinet Minister, Electronics (Simultaneous charge)
  21. August 1999October 1999Union Cabinet Minister, Surface Transport (Simultaneous charge)
  22. October 1999Re-elected to Rajya Sabha (4th term)
  23. March 2001October 2001Union Cabinet Minister, Defence (Simultaneous charges)
  24. July 2002April 2004Union Minister, Finance & Company Affairs
  25. April 2002May 2004Union Cabinet Minister, Finance
  26. 2004Re-elected to Rajya Sabha (5th term)
  27. 2004Leader of Opposition, Rajya Sabha
  28. August 2004August 2006Member, Committee on Science and Technology, Environment and Forests
  29. August 2004May 2009Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Installation of Portraits/Statues of National Leaders and Parliamentarians in Parliament House Complex
  30. August 2005Member, General Purposes Committee
  31. 2009Re-elected to 15th Lok Sabha (4th term) from Darjeeling
  32. August 2009December 2009Chairman, Committee on Public Accounts
  33. September 2009Member, Committee on Budget
  34. January 2010Member, Committee on Public Accounts

Publications

Notes

References

Citations

References

  1. (23 June 2020). "Jaswant Singh Biography".
  2. (27 September 2020). "Former BJP leader Jaswant Singh passes away". [[The Times of India]].
  3. Vardhan, Anand. (28 September 2020). "Jaswant Singh: The realist who reshaped India's foreign policy discourse".
  4. (27 September 2020). "Outstanding award to Jaswant Singh".
  5. "Ex-Union Minister Jaswant Singh Dies At 82. "Saddened By Demise," Says PM".
  6. "Jaswant's expulsion is the BJP's gift to the RSS". [[Rediff]].
  7. "The Dates That Defined the Life and Times of Jaswant Singh (1938-2020)".
  8. (27 September 2020). "Ex-Union Minister Jaswant Singh No More".
  9. Hebbar, Nistula. (27 September 2020). "Jaswant Singh: End of a long journey for the Army man-turned-parliamentarian". [[The Hindu]].
  10. (27 September 2020). "From the archives: Jaswant Singh through the lens of Express photographers".
  11. Singh, Manvendra. (11 May 2018). "When the US envoy protested about the nuclear test, my father Jaswant Singh gifted a toy for his son".
  12. (11 May 2018). "Benign Fallout of India's Nuclear Tests".
  13. Varma, Gyan. (27 September 2020). "Jaswant Singh, key BJP face during Vajpayee era, passes away".
  14. (19 August 2009). "BJP expels Jaswant Singh over Jinnah book - Livemint".
  15. (29 March 2014). "Jaswant Singh rules out withdrawal from Barmer Lok Sabha seat".
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  17. (16 May 2014). "Jaswant Singh loses in Barmer". [[Business Standard.
  18. (8 August 2014). "Jaswant Singh in coma after severe head injury, condition 'highly critical'".
  19. (27 September 2020). "Jaswant Singh death news: Former BJP leader Jaswant Singh passes away | India News - Times of India".
  20. (27 September 2020). "Former Union minister Jaswant Singh passes away at 82".
  21. (28 November 2018). "In Rajasthan, Jaswant Singh's Son Banks On Rajput Anger, Father's Legacy". [[NDTV]].
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  26. (27 September 2020). "Jaswant Singh dead: From key figure in Vajpayee govt to BJP rebel".
  27. (27 September 2020). "Jaswant Singh's tumultuous career was marked by revival of India-US ties, ignominy of Kandahar hijacking".
  28. (27 September 2020). "Jaswant Singh: Former Army Major and ex-PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee's 'Man Friday'".
  29. (19 August 2009). "RSS must also introspect about their organisation: Jaswant".
  30. Saxena, Sparshita. (27 September 2020). "Leaders across party lines condole former Union minister Jaswant Singh's demise".
  31. (26 March 2001). "Post-Tehelka scandal, George Fernandes hands over his resignation letter".
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  34. (24 March 2014). "Defiant Jaswant takes on Modi, dares BJP to sack him".
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  36. (17 May 2014). "Election Results: Jaswant goes down fighting in Barmer". [[The Times of India]].
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  38. (28 September 2020). "Jaswant Singh, advocate of peace with Pakistan, dies at 82".
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  41. "Jaswant Singh expelled from BJP". [[The Economic Times]].
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  44. Saxena, Shweta Chandan. (March 2003). "Rise and fall in Indian Economy (1991-2000)".
  45. Agrawal, Amol. (24 February 2018). "Banking crises: An Indian history".
  46. (12 June 2019). "Former chairman of Indian Bank gets 3-yr jail in fraud case".
  47. Malhotra, Jyoti. (27 September 2020). "Jaswant Singh — communicator, crisis manager, man of letters and a student of history".
  48. (28 September 2020). "जसवंत सिंह राजस्थान के एक मात्र ऐसे नेता रहे, जिन्हाेंने विदेश, वित्त और रक्षा मंत्री बनने का गौरव प्राप्त किया".
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  55. "BBC News {{!}} india nuclear testing {{!}} Third World joins the nuclear club".
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  61. "Rediff On The NeT Special: Jaswant Singh looks back at the Kargil conflict".
  62. "Rediff On The NeT: Excerpts of the conversation between Gen Musharraf and Lt Gen Aziz".
  63. "Release of Kargil tape: Masterpiece or blunder?".
  64. (15 July 2002). "Omar Sheikh sentenced to death in Pearl murder case".
  65. (12 July 2018). "ISI backed Kandahar hijackers: Plane crisis negotiator Ajit Doval". The Economic Times.
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  69. (8 December 2000). "An eight-day ordeal".
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  72. (7 January 2000). "Failure of diplomacy".
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  88. (3 August 2012). "Ansari may write to MPs of UPA and supporting parties".
  89. (16 July 2012). "Jaswant Singh to give stature to vice-president poll contest".
  90. (16 July 2012). "Jaswant Singh to challenge Hamid Ansari test Vice-President's post". [[The Times of India]].
  91. "2012 Vice-Presidential Election".
  92. (7 August 2006). "The mole has taken its toll".
  93. (26 July 2006). "Spy in the cold: Jaswant backtracks on mole statement - Indian Express".
  94. "Nehru not Jinnah's polity led to partition". Jai Bihar.
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  98. (27 September 2019). "Ex-Union Minister Jaswant Singh Dies At 82. "Saddened By Demise," Says PM".
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  101. Singh, Harsha Kumari. (28 September 2020). "Jaswant Singh Cremated In Jodhpur, Family, Leaders Pay Last Respects".
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  104. "Secretariat".

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