Jarabulus

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title: "Jarabulus" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["populated-places-on-the-euphrates-river", "turkmen-communities-in-syria", "towns-in-aleppo-governorate"] topic_path: "general/populated-places-on-the-euphrates-river" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarabulus" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameJarabulus
native_nameجَرَابُلُس
native_name_langar
other_nameCerablus
typeTown
pushpin_mapSyria
pushpin_label_positionbottom
pushpin_mapsize250
pushpin_map_captionLocation of Jarabulus in Syria
pushpin_relief1
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameSyria
subdivision_type1Governorate
subdivision_name1Aleppo
subdivision_type2District
subdivision_name2Jarabulus
subdivision_type3Subdistrict
subdivision_name3Jarabulus
elevation_m367
population_total11,570
population_density_km2auto
population_as_of2004
population_footnotes
timezoneAST
utc_offset+3
geocodeC2227
::

| name = Jarabulus | native_name = جَرَابُلُس | native_name_lang = ar | other_name = Cerablus | type = Town | pushpin_map = Syria | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 250 | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Jarabulus in Syria | pushpin_relief = 1 | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Syria | subdivision_type1 = Governorate | subdivision_name1 = Aleppo | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Jarabulus | subdivision_type3 = Subdistrict | subdivision_name3 = Jarabulus | elevation_m = 367 | population_total = 11,570 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_as_of = 2004 | population_footnotes = | timezone = AST | utc_offset = +3 | geocode = C2227 | website = ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Jarabulus_nahiyah.svg" caption="''Jarabulus '' is the administrative center of [[Nahiya Jarabulus]] and [[Jarabulus District]]."] ::

Jarabulus (, ALA-LC: ar, Aleppo dialect: apc; or Carablus; ) is a Syrian city administratively belonging to Aleppo Governorate. Jarabulus lies on the western bank of the Euphrates and north of Euphrates Lake, just south of the Syria–Turkey border and the Turkish town of Karkamış. In the 2004 census, the city had a population of 11,570. The population has increased significantly during the Syrian civil war.

History

In the Bronze and Iron Ages, the archaeological site lying just north of Jarabulus (half of which is now in Turkey) was called Karkemish, in Greek and Roman times the ancient name of the city was "Europos" (Εὐρωπός), which must have been at the origin of the modern form of the toponym Jerabis.

The original 18th century form of the toponym seems to have been "Djerabis", but it was later found as "Djeraboolos" or "Djerablus", probably deriving from Hierapolis (modern-day Manbij, to the southwest).

Being on the southern side of the Istanbul-Baghdad railway, Jarabulus became a border town with Turkey based on the Treaty of Lausanne in the aftermath of World War I.

civilwarFollowing the outbreak of the Syrian civil war, the Syrian opposition took over the town, along with its border post with Turkey on July 20, 2012. However in July 2013 the town was captured by the jihadist militant group ISIS. By January 2014, rebels mainly from the al-Tawhid Brigade engaged in clashes with ISIS and seized the town, but ISIS was able to recapture it within hours.

An article published by The Guardian said that attempts by the People's Protection Units (YPG) to capture Jarabulus were prevented by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who, according to media reports, had threatened in 2015 to attack the YPG if they moved against Jarabulus. This threat secured Islamic State control of the town.

Operation Euphrates Shield

On 24 August 2016 around 4:00 AM (local time), the Turkish Armed Forces, alongside their allies in the Free Syrian Army, launched a military operation into Syria to capture Jarabulus from the Islamic State. The operation was supported by the Turkish Air Force along with US-led coalition aircraft in an attempt to clear a passage for the troops. By 24 August, Jarabulus and neighboring towns were captured by the Syrian National Army. The SNA, backed by Turkish tanks, then connected Jarablus to al-Rai to push Islamic State forces away from the Turkish border.

Demographics

Ethnically, the city is mostly composed of Arabs and Turkmens. Turkmens belong to the Barak tribe. The region overall likewise mostly consists of Arabs and Turkmens, but also houses the heterogenous Kurdish tribal confederation of Barazi, which also includes Arabs, from Jarabulus eastwards to Suruç. There are 16 thousand Kurds living near Jarabulus.

When British archaeologist David George Hogarth visited Jarabulus in early 20th century, he noted that the town was held by Arabs of the Geais Msahaleh clan and Turks of the Barak clan.

Since the end of the Syrian Civil War at least 6,872 IDPs (as of March 25) who were living in Jarablus have returned to their homes.

Governance

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Jarabulus_Military_Council_2016.jpg" caption="Jarabulus Military Council 2016"] ::

On 6 September 2016, the Karkamış-based council of Jarabulus that had been constituted 2 years prior, accused Turkey of attempting to replace them with a newly formed council consisting of pro-Turkish Turkmen separatists. The Sultan Murad Division denied the accusations and accused the local council of being PYD "collaborators", although it did confirm forming a "council of elders" in the city. Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki's political leader Yasser Ibrahim al-Yusuf, son of the perpetrator of the Aleppo Artillery School massacre, also said that the city would be governed by a newly formed council. The head of the Syrian Interim Government based in Turkey, Jawad Abu Hatab, met with the Jarabulus local council on the same day.

Security

On 22 January 2017, a police force of 450 members trained and equipped by Turkey was deployed in Jarabulus. The Jarabulus police is headed by defected Syrian Army brigadier general Abdel Razaq Aslan.

Education

Following the capture of Jarabulus by the Turkish Armed Forces from the Islamic State, children returned to school, learning Turkish as a foreign language instead of French. In October 2018, the Gaziantep University opened a vocational school in Jarabulus.

Infrastructure

After the Turkish operation in August and September 2016, Turkish authorities planned to restore electricity to the city by building a 3 km cable from Karkamış to Jarabulus, with 2 km being in Syrian territory. Electricity and potable water were announced to be provided for free.

Later that month, after visits from Turkish officials and the mayor of Gaziantep Municipality, Jarabulus was connected to the Turkish electrical grid. A former school in Jarabulus was turned into a hospital with an official Turkish sign reading "Turkish Ministry of Health - Jarablus Hospital" with a flag of Turkey.

Climate

Jarabulus has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), with influences of a continental climate during winter, hot dry summers, and cool wet and occasionally snowy winters. The average high temperature in January is 7.8 °C and the average high temperature in August is 38.1 °C. The snow falls usually in January, February or December.

|metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan high C = 8.0 |Feb high C = 10.5 |Mar high C = 16.1 |Apr high C = 23.4 |May high C = 28.7 |Jun high C = 34.3 |Jul high C = 37.7 |Aug high C = 38.5 |Sep high C = 34.2 |Oct high C = 26.8 |Nov high C = 16.3 |Dec high C = 9.9 |Jan low C = -1.2 |Feb low C = -0.6 |Mar low C = 4.3 |Apr low C = 7.2 |May low C = 12.5 |Jun low C = 15.1 |Jul low C = 19.9 |Aug low C = 20.9 |Sep low C = 16.3 |Oct low C = 12.4 |Nov low C = 6.4 |Dec low C = -0.5 |Jan precipitation mm = 71 |Feb precipitation mm = 49 |Mar precipitation mm = 39 |Apr precipitation mm = 35 |May precipitation mm = 20 |Jun precipitation mm = 3 |Jul precipitation mm = 0 |Aug precipitation mm = 0 |Sep precipitation mm = 3 |Oct precipitation mm = 21 |Nov precipitation mm = 32 |Dec precipitation mm = 64 |year precipitation mm= |Jan snow days = 2.0 |Feb snow days = 1.0 |Mar snow days = 0 |Apr snow days = 0 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 0 |Dec snow days = 1.5 |Jan rain days= 12 |Feb rain days= 8 |Mar rain days= 6 |Apr rain days= 4 |May rain days= 4 |Jun rain days= 1 |Jul rain days= 0 |Aug rain days= 0 |Sep rain days= 1 |Oct rain days= 3 |Nov rain days= 5 |Dec rain days= 10 |Jan humidity = 75 |Feb humidity = 67 |Mar humidity = 60 |Apr humidity = 56 |May humidity = 42 |Jun humidity = 40 |Jul humidity = 35 |Aug humidity = 35 |Sep humidity = 44 |Oct humidity = 47 |Nov humidity = 55 |Dec humidity = 74 |source = Weather Online, Weather Base, BBC Weather and My Weather 2

References

References

  1. (2023-04-13). "Li Cerablûs û Babê teqînên hevdem".
  2. (2013-07-18). "The Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham Expands Into Rural Northern Syria".
  3. Walsh, Nick Paton. (2013-11-04). "The secret jihadi smuggling route through Turkey".
  4. (17 January 2014). "Syrian rebels push Qaeda affiliate from northwest stronghold". [[Chicago Tribune]] (Reuters).
  5. Graeber, David. (18 November 2015). "Turkey could cut off Islamic State's supply lines. So why doesn't it?". [[The Guardian]].
  6. (24 August 2016). "Syrian rebels backed by Turkish tanks capture key border stronghold from ISIL".
  7. (2023). "Syrian Kurds, the Democratic Union Party (PYD), and the Strategic Framing of the Civil War: Selling the New Model of Governance". Lexington Books.
  8. "ARGUMENTS ON SAFE HAVENS IN SYRIA: RISKS, OPPORTUNITIES AND SCENARIOS FOR TURKEY". CENTER FOR MIDDLE EASTERN STRATEGIC STUDIES.
  9. Khalifa, Mustafa. "The impossible partition of Syria". Arab Reform Initiative.
  10. (1952). "Baraklarda Örf ve Adet Araştırmaları 1". İstanbul University Journal of Sociology.
  11. van Wilgenburg, Wladimir. "Kurdish Strategy Towards Ethnically-Mixed Areas in the Syrian Conflict". The Jamestown Foundation.
  12. Khalifa, Mustafa. "The impossible partition of Syria". Arab Reform Initiative.
  13. Tejel, Jordi. (2009). "Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society". Routledge.
  14. (1914). "Carchemish: Report on the Excavations at Djerabis on Behalf of the British Museum". Order of the Trustees.
  15. "Syrian returnees' figures by sub-districts - data 25 March 2025".
  16. (6 September 2016). "Jarablus and the local council". Yalla Souriya.
  17. (6 September 2016). "Free Syria Army withdraws from Jarablus bases, cites disagreements with separatists". Al-Masdar News.
  18. Postings, Robert. (2018-02-07). "Free Syria Police: Creating Security and Stability".
  19. Ashawi, Khalil. (2017-01-24). "Hundreds of police trained by Turkey start work in northern Syria". [[Reuters]].
  20. (2017-12-15). "Turkey helps rebuild the liberated Syrian border town of Jarabulus".
  21. "Erdogan approves 3 Turkish university campuses for northern Syria".
  22. (8 September 2016). "Turkey sends power lines into Syrian town cleared of IS". Middle East Eye.
  23. (26 September 2016). "Cerablus'ta atıl okul binası hastaneye dönüştürüldü". Anadolu Agency.

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