Iris croatica

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Species of flowering plant

title: "Iris croatica" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["iris-(plant)", "endemic-flora-of-croatia", "garden-plants-of-europe", "culture-of-croatia", "plants-described-in-1962"] description: "Species of flowering plant" topic_path: "general/iris-plant" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_croatica" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Species of flowering plant ::

| image = Iris croatica Botanicki vrt 1 080509.jpg | genus = Iris | display_parents = 2 | parent = Iris sect. Iris | species = croatica | authority = I.Horvat & M.D.Horvat

Iris croatica is a bearded rhizomatous species of iris (subgenus Iris) endemic to Croatia.

Description

It has branched stems and dark violet flowers. Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. The standards are slightly paler than the falls, they have white veining on the throat. It has a beard which is whitish yellow, and the spathes are slightly tinged with red-violet, like those of Iris aphylla.

Genetics

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.

Taxonomy

It was described in 1962 by botanists Ivo and Marija Horvat, in 'Acta Bot. Croatica', Issue 20–21 on page 8. Then in 1981, Brian Mathew in his book 'The iris', reclassified it a synonym of Iris germanica.

Distribution and habitat

Iris croatica is native to temperate areas of Europe.

Range

It is found in Croatia and Slovenia. It grows mostly in the woods of downy oak (Quercus pubescens) and black hophornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) on dolomite and limestone soils. It is known from hilly parts of continental Croatia including the hills of Samoborsko gorje (near Samobor), the hill Cesargradska gora (near Klanjec), near Josipdol, on the hill of Strahinjčica (near Radoboj), and at Zagrebačko gorje and Žumberačko gorje.

It is on the Croatian list of strictly protected plants, among nine Iridaceae species.

It is unofficially known as the national flower of Croatia.

References

References

  1. Austin, Claire. (2005). "Irises A Garden Encyclopedia". Timber Press, Incorporated.
  2. (5 September 2004). "Iris croatica". signa.org.
  3. (1961–1962). "Iris croatica – nova vrsta perunike u Hrvatskoj". Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb.
  4. "(SPEC) Iris croatica Horvat". American Iris Society.
  5. "Iridaceae Iris croatica Horvat & M.D.Horvat". ipni.org ([[International Plant Names Index]]).
  6. "Iris × croatica Horvat & M.D.Horvat is a synonym of Iris × germanica L.". plantlist.org.
  7. T. K. Lim {{google books. 4WMCwAAQBAJ. Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 11 Modified Stems, Roots ...
  8. (January 2009). "Locality of the species Iris croatica Horvat et Horvat, M. in Požega Valley". Croatian society of agronomists.
  9. Ministry of Culture (Croatia). (2004-07-20). "Pravilnik o skupljanju samoniklih biljaka u svrhu prerade, trgovine i drugog prometa". [[Narodne novine]].
  10. James Minahan {{google books. jfrWCQAAQBAJ. The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems (2 Volumes)

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iris-(plant)endemic-flora-of-croatiagarden-plants-of-europeculture-of-croatiaplants-described-in-1962