Inkpaduta
Dakota leader who fought U.S. settlement (1797 – 1881)
title: "Inkpaduta" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["dakota-leaders", "native-american-people-of-the-indian-wars", "santee-dakota-people", "people-of-the-great-sioux-war-of-1876", "dakota-war-of-1862", "1790s-births", "1881-deaths", "native-american-people-from-minnesota", "native-american-people-from-south-dakota", "native-american-people-from-north-dakota"] description: "Dakota leader who fought U.S. settlement (1797 – 1881)" topic_path: "geography/united-states" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkpaduta" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Dakota leader who fought U.S. settlement (1797 – 1881) ::
::data[format=table title="Infobox Native American leader"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Inkpaduta |
| tribe | Santee Dakota |
| birth_date | c. 1797 |
| birth_place | Dakota Territory |
| death_date | 1881 |
| death_place | Manitoba |
| native_name | Iŋkpáduta ("Red End," "Red Cap," or "Scarlet Point") |
| parents | Wamdisapa |
| battles | |
| :: |
| name = Inkpaduta | image = | image_size = | caption = | tribe = Santee Dakota | lead = | birth_date = c. 1797 | birth_place = Dakota Territory | death_date = 1881 | death_place = Manitoba | predecessor = | successor = | native_name = Iŋkpáduta ("Red End," "Red Cap," or "Scarlet Point") | nicknames = | known_for = | death_cause = | resting_place = | rp_coordinates = | religion = | party = | education = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = Wamdisapa | battles=
- Spirit Lake Massacre
- American Indian Wars
- Great Sioux War of 1876
- Battle of Little Bighorn | relations = | signature = | footnotes =
Inkpaduta (Dakota: Iŋkpáduta, variously translated as "Red End," "Red Cap," or "Scarlet Point") (about 17971881) was a war chief of the Wahpekute band of the Dakota (Eastern or Santee Dakota) during the 1857 Spirit Lake Massacre and later Western Sioux actions against the United States Army in the Dakota Territory, Wyoming and Montana.
Early life
Inkpaduta was born in what later became Rice County, Minnesota on the North East edge of Cannon Lake (Rice County, Minnesota) sometime between 1800 and 1815. He was the son of chief Wamdisapa (Black Eagle). As a child, he contracted smallpox, which killed several of his relatives and family members. The disease left him badly scarred. Sometime before the 1841 treaty between Tasagi and Wamdisapa, Wamdisapa moved his village (then known as the Red Top band) to the Vermillion River (South Dakota) after he was exiled from his original band.
Career
Inkpaduta and his band were not signatories with the rest of the Wahpekute to the 1851 Treaty of Mendota, which transferred the land in northwestern Iowa to the United States. They refused to recognize the treaty restrictions. In 1852, Henry Lott, a drunken white whiskey trader, killed the new chief (Inkpaduta's older brother) and nine of his family; and Inkpaduta succeeded his brother as chief. He told the U.S. Army of the murders, but little was done to bring Lott to justice. The local prosecuting attorney nailed the dead chief's head to a pole over his house.
In the late winter of 1857, which was severe, Inkpaduta led his starving band into Iowa, where on March 8, he launched a series of raids on white settlers in the Spirit Lake area in which a total of 38 people were killed.{{Cite web | title = Inkpaduta | work = Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, National Park Service | access-date = 2024-11-13 | url = https://www.nps.gov/people/inkpaduta.htm | title = Abbie Gardner Sharp Cabin | work = State Historical Society of Iowa | accessdate = 2013-02-27 | year = 2012 | url = http://www.iowahistory.org/historic-sites/gardner-cabin/site-history.html
By the time of the Dakota War of 1862, Inkpaduta had already been driven out of Minnesota with the help of other Dakota who did not wish to put their own annuity goods and money at risk. After many of the Dakota were driven out of the state following the 1862 war, the Army sent two major punitive expeditions into Dakota Territory; one in 1863 under Brigadier GeneralHenry Hastings Sibley, who defeated the Dakota in a series of battles, and another, larger expedition under Brigadier General Alfred Sully in 1864 which concluded with the Dakota's defeat in the decisive Battle of Killdeer Mountain. Inkpaduta's band withdrew westward with their Lakota kinsfolk, and the chief migrated with survivors onto the Great Plains. He eventually fell in with the Lakotas (the Western or Teton Sioux) and became friends with Sitting Bull. He fought alongside the Lakota against Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
When Sitting Bull and his followers fled to Canada following the battle, Inkpaduta accompanied them. He died in Manitoba in 1881.
References
References
- Beck, Paul. (2008). "Inkpaduta: Dakota Leader". University of Oklahoma Press.
- Beck, Paul Norman. 2022. Inkpaduta: Dakota leader. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press
- Ibid.
- [http://www.britannica.com/event/Spirit-Lake-Massacre "Spirit Lake Massacre"], ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', accessed 4 April 2016
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