Ingerophrynus
Genus of amphibians
title: "Ingerophrynus" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["bufonidae", "ingerophrynus", "amphibian-genera", "amphibians-of-asia", "taxa-named-by-jonathan-a.-campbell", "taxa-named-by-darrel-frost", "taxa-named-by-taran-grant", "taxa-named-by-john-douglas-lynch", "taxa-named-by-ronald-archie-nussbaum", "taxa-named-by-christopher-john-raxworthy"] description: "Genus of amphibians" topic_path: "general/bufonidae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingerophrynus" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Genus of amphibians ::
| image = Bufo biporc M 050409 015 tdp.jpg | image_caption = Crested toad (Ingerophrynus biporcatus) | taxon = Ingerophrynus | authority = Frost et al., 2006 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 12 species (see text)
Ingerophrynus is a genus of true toads with 12 species. The genus is found in southern Yunnan and Southeast Asia; from Myanmar and Indochina to peninsular Thailand and Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Nias Island, Sulawesi, and the Philippines. This genus was established after a major taxonomical revision of frogs in 2006.
Taxonomy and systematics
Ten of the species in this genus were formerly considered species of the genus Bufo, most of them in what had been known as the Bufo biporcatus group; the remaining ones were assigned to this genus based on molecular data. In 2007 a new species, Ingerophrynus gollum, was added to this genus. The sister taxon of Ingerophrynus is Sabahphrynus.
Etymology
The generic name Ingerophrynus honors Robert F. Inger, an American zoologist from the Field Museum of Natural History.
Description
The diagnostic characters of the Bufo biporcatus group are the presence of supraorbital, parietal, and supratympanic crests, lack of a tarsal ridge, presence of vocal sacs but absence of melanophores in the surrounding muscle tissue, lack of tibial glands, lack supinator manus humeralis and adductor longus muscles, presence of paired crests on the vertebral column, rugose skull, squamosal bones with broad dorsal otic plates, and smooth palatine bones.
Species
There are 12 species: ::data[format=table]
| Binomial name and binomial authority | common name |
|---|---|
| Ingerophrynus biporcatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) | crested toad |
| Ingerophrynus celebensis (Günther, 1859) | Sulawesian toad |
| Ingerophrynus claviger (W. Peters, 1863) | Benkulen toad |
| Ingerophrynus divergens (W. Peters, 1871) | Malayan dwarf toad |
| Ingerophrynus galeatus (Günther, 1864) | bony-headed toad |
| Ingerophrynus gollum L. Grismer, 2007 | |
| Ingerophrynus kumquat (Das & Lim, 2001) | |
| Ingerophrynus ledongensis (Fei, Ye & Huang, 2009) | |
| Ingerophrynus macrotis (Boulenger, 1887) | big-eared toad |
| Ingerophrynus parvus (Boulenger, 1887) | lesser Malacca toad |
| Ingerophrynus philippinicus (Boulenger, 1887) | Philippine toad |
| Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus (Boulenger, 1887) | greater Malacca toad |
| :: |
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Ingerophrynus.
References
References
- (2018). "Bufonidae". University of California, Berkeley.
- (2013). "The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians". Pelagic Publishing.
- Frost, Darrel R.. (2018). "''Ingerophrynus'' Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006". American Museum of Natural History.
- (2006). "The amphibian tree of life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.
- Grismer, L. Lee. (2007). "A new species of ''Ingerophrynus'' (Anura: Bufonidae) from a lowland rain forest in southern peninsular Malaysia". Journal of Herpetology.
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