Ingelfinger rule

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title: "Ingelfinger rule" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["academic-publishing", "peer-review", "rules", "1969-introductions"] topic_path: "society/education" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelfinger_rule" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

The Ingelfinger rule is an eponymous rule named after Franz J. Ingelfinger, The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) editor-in-chief who enunciated it in 1969. The rule, as originally articulated in the editorial "Definition of 'Sole Contribution'", stated that NEJM would not publish findings that had been published elsewhere. Though originally meant only for NEJM, the guideline was subsequently adopted by several other scientific journals, and it has shaped scientific publishing ever since. |last1=Marshall |first1=E |year=1998 |title=Franz Ingelfinger's Legacy Shaped Biology Publishing |journal=Science |volume=282 |issue=5390 |pages=861–3, 865–7 |doi=10.1126/science.282.5390.861 |doi-access=free |pmid=9841429 |date=13 June 2000 |title=Ingelfinger rule definition |url=http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=13488 |publisher=MedicineNet |access-date=2011-08-20 |archive-date=2014-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711164954/http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=13488 |last=Schachtman |first=NA |date=20 June 2014 |title=Selective Leaking — Breaking Ingelfinger's Rule |url=http://schachtmanlaw.com/selective-leaking-breaking-ingelfingers-rule/ |work=Schachtman Law Blog |access-date=2015-05-23

A similar policy had been earlier expressed in 1960 by Samuel Goudsmit, editor of the Physical Review Letters, but it did not become as well known. |last=Lewenstein |first=BV |year=1988 |title=It's Not Really the Relman Rule |journal=ScienceWriters |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=17–18

The Ingelfinger rule has been seen as having the aim of preventing authors from performing duplicate publications which would unduly inflate their publication record. |last1=Lariviere |first1=V |last2=Gingras |first2=Y |year=2009 |title=On the prevalence and scientific impact of duplicate publications in different scientific fields (1980-2007) |eprint=0906.4019 |class=physics.soc-ph |last=Borgman |first=CL |year=2007 |title=Scholarship in the digital age: information, infrastructure, and the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDDu3CuzDdMC&pg=PA99 |page=99 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-02619-2 |last1=Angell |first1=M |last2=Kassirer |first2=J |date=1991 |title=The Ingelfinger Rule Revisited |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |volume=325 |issue=19 |pages=1371–1373 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199111073251910 |doi-access=free |pmid=1669838

References

References

  1. (September 1969). "Definition of 'sole contribution'". [[The New England Journal of Medicine.
  2. (2021-05-31). "COVID-19 impact on research and publication ethics". Medical Hypothesis, Discovery & Innovation in Ophthalmology.

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