Hegang

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title: "Hegang" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["hegang", "cities-in-heilongjiang", "prefecture-level-divisions-of-heilongjiang"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegang" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

Field	Value
name	Hegang
native_name	鹤岗市
native_name_lang	zh-Hans
settlement_type	Prefecture-level city
image_skyline	鹤岗市.jpg
image_caption	Hegang city montage
image_map	Location of Hegang Prefecture within Heilongjiang (China).png
map_caption	Location of Hegang City (yellow) in Heilongjiang (light grey)
dot_x
pushpin_map	Heilongjiang
pushpin_map_caption	Location of the city centre in Heilongjiang
pushpin_label_position	right
pushpin_mapsize	240
subdivision_type	Country
subdivision_name	People's Republic of China
subdivision_type1	Province
subdivision_name1	Heilongjiang
subdivision_type2	County-level divisions
subdivision_name2	8
seat_type	Municipal seat
seat	Xiangyang District
established_title	Settled
established_date	1906
unit_pref
area_total_km2	14679.88
area_land_km2
area_metro_km2	4574.9
population_as_of	2020 census
population_footnotes
population_total	891271
population_density_km2	auto
population_metro	545404
population_density_metro_km2	auto
area_urban_km2	4574.9
population_urban	545404
population_density_urban_km2	auto
population_blank2_title	Major nationalities
demographics_type2	GDP
demographics2_title1	Prefecture-level city
demographics2_info1	CN¥ 26.6 billion
US$ 4.3 billion
demographics2_title2	Per capita
demographics2_info2	CN¥ 24,983
US$ 4,011
timezone	China Standard
utc_offset	+8
coor_pinpoint	Hegang government
coordinates
elevation_footnotes
elevation_m	280
postal_code_type	Postal code
postal_code	154100 - 154200
area_code	0468
blank_name	License plate prefixes
blank_info	黑H
iso_code	CN-HL-04
blank3_name	Climate
blank3_info	Dwb
website
::

History

Early history

The region of Hegang was a desolate and uninhabited area until the late 1890s. In 1906, the area of Hegang City was under the administration of Tangyuan County under the Qing Dynasty. Since then, the government has been encouraging people to farm in the region. In 1914, a coalfield was discovered in Haoli, and Heilongjiang Government approved to set up Xinghua Mines (興華煤礦) which is jointly invested by merchants including Shen Songnian (沈松年). The area was also renamed Xingshan (興山) after the Xinghua Coal Mine. The Hegang mines were founded in 1916 by a Chinese entrepreneur with Russian capital. Hegang has witnessed rapid economic growth thanks to its rich coal resources. In 1926 a railway was built between Hegang and Jiamusi, some 30 miles to the south on the Songhua River. A coal carrier fleet was privately financed in 1930 by General Zhang Xueliang. In August 1932, Hegang mines were occupied by the Japanese as the Japanese Empire advanced through Manchuria. The mines were further developed during the Japanese occupation of Manchuria. On August 11, 1945, Hegang was occupied by the Soviet Red Army, and was relegated to the Communist Force. Since several major coal mines in southern Manchuria were controlled by Kuomintang Forces, Hegang became one of the main coal-producing area of Communist Force in the Chinese Civil-War, playing an important role in guaranteeing the acquisition of weapons and other war materials. Hegang was renamed in 1949, and set up as a prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang.

People's Republic of China

After 1949 the city experienced further rapid growth. The mines were extended and modernized, and their annual output increased dramatically. Most of the coal is high-quality coking coal that is also used to make coal gas; apart from a small quantity consumed in Jiamusi, the bulk of it is shipped by rail to Anyang, Henan and to other industrial cities such as Anshan and Benxi in Liaoning. By the late 1950s the coal industry employed more than 80 percent of the working population. Although the mines continued to be developed and output increased, Hegang's industrial activity was beginning to diversify, especially after a large thermal-power-generating installation was constructed by the early 1970s. By 2021 the city's mining industry was in decline.

Geography

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Txu-oclc-6614368-nl52-3.jpg" caption="鶴立}}) (1955)"] ::

Hegang is located in the northeast part of Heilongjiang province, spanning from latitude 47° 04′−48° 9′ N to longitude 129° 40′−132° 31' E. Bordering prefecture-level cities are:

Jiamusi (SE)
Yichun (W) The region also faces Russia's Jewish Autonomous Oblast across the Amur River with an international border of 235 km. Lesser Khingan Mountains crosses the city. The total administrative area of Hegang is 14,648 km2. Amur river and Songhua river are the main rivers in Hegang.

Climate

Hegang has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb/Dwa), with long, bitterly cold, but dry winters, and humid and warm summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −16.6 °C in January to 21.7 °C in July, and the annual mean is 3.8 °C. Close to 2/3 of the annual precipitation falls in the months of June thru August. The average annual precipitation is about 600-650 mm, mainly concentrated in summer, and the precipitation from June to August accounts for about 60% of the total annual precipitation.Extreme temperatures have ranged from −38.5 to 37.7 °C.

|metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = Y |location = Hegang, elevation 182 m, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) |Jan high C = -11.8 |Feb high C = -6.9 |Mar high C = 1.0 |Apr high C = 11.5 |May high C = 19.4 |Jun high C = 23.9 |Jul high C = 26.6 |Aug high C = 25.0 |Sep high C = 19.9 |Oct high C = 10.6 |Nov high C = -2.1 |Dec high C = -11.2 |Jan mean C = -16.9 |Feb mean C = -12.6 |Mar mean C = -4.3 |Apr mean C = 5.8 |May mean C = 13.6 |Jun mean C = 18.7 |Jul mean C = 21.9 |Aug mean C = 20.2 |Sep mean C = 14.2 |Oct mean C = 5.3 |Nov mean C = -6.8 |Dec mean C = -15.7 |Jan low C = -21.1 |Feb low C = -17.8 |Mar low C = -9.7 |Apr low C = 0.1 |May low C = 7.7 |Jun low C = 13.8 |Jul low C = 17.6 |Aug low C = 16.0 |Sep low C = 9.1 |Oct low C = 0.4 |Nov low C = -10.8 |Dec low C = -19.5 |Jan record high C = 1.5 |Jan record low C = -38.5 |Feb record high C = 7.7 |Feb record low C = -32.6 |Mar record high C = 19.0 |Mar record low C = -26.1 |Apr record high C = 29.4 |Apr record low C = -13.0 |May record high C = 33.5 |May record low C = -4.5 |Jun record high C = 36.8 |Jun record low C = 5.0 |Jul record high C = 37.7 |Jul record low C = 10.1 |Aug record high C = 34.9 |Aug record low C = 7.1 |Sep record high C = 31.8 |Sep record low C = -2.4 |Oct record high C = 25.8 |Oct record low C = -15.7 |Nov record high C = 14.3 |Nov record low C = -26.5 |Dec record high C = 4.8 |Dec record low C = -32.7 |year high C = |year low C = |year high F = |year low F = |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 4.7 |Feb precipitation mm = 5.5 |Mar precipitation mm = 15.5 |Apr precipitation mm = 28.3 |May precipitation mm = 68.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 118.3 |Jul precipitation mm = 152.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 154.8 |Sep precipitation mm = 70.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 31.7 |Nov precipitation mm = 13.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 9.1 |Jan humidity = 63 |Feb humidity = 57 |Mar humidity = 52 |Apr humidity = 50 |May humidity = 56 |Jun humidity = 71 |Jul humidity = 77 |Aug humidity = 78 |Sep humidity = 69 |Oct humidity = 58 |Nov humidity = 60 |Dec humidity = 65 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 5.1 |Feb precipitation days = 4.1 |Mar precipitation days = 5.7 |Apr precipitation days = 7.6 |May precipitation days = 11.8 |Jun precipitation days = 14.5 |Jul precipitation days = 15.1 |Aug precipitation days = 15.0 |Sep precipitation days = 11.1 |Oct precipitation days = 6.9 |Nov precipitation days = 5.6 |Dec precipitation days = 6.6 |year precipitation days = |Jan sun = 172.6 |Feb sun = 200.5 |Mar sun = 237.4 |Apr sun = 215.8 |May sun = 219.3 |Jun sun = 197.2 |Jul sun = 194.2 |Aug sun = 196.1 |Sep sun = 209.3 |Oct sun = 189.7 |Nov sun = 154.4 |Dec sun = 145.6 |year sun = | Jan percentsun = 62 | Feb percentsun = 69 | Mar percentsun = 64 | Apr percentsun = 53 | May percentsun = 47 | Jun percentsun = 42 | Jul percentsun = 41 | Aug percentsun = 45 | Sep percentsun = 56 | Oct percentsun = 57 | Nov percentsun = 56 | Dec percentsun = 56 | year percentsun = |Jan snow days = 8.1 |Feb snow days = 6.3 |Mar snow days = 8.9 |Apr snow days = 4.7 |May snow days = 0.2 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 2.9 |Nov snow days = 8.2 |Dec snow days = 9.8 |year snow days = |source 1 = China Meteorological Administration | source 2 = Weather China{{cite web | url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101051201.shtml? | script-title = zh:鹤岗 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 | publisher = Weather China | language = zh | access-date = 28 November 2022 | archive-date = 11 June 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220611041718/http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101051201.shtml | url-status = live

Subdivisions

The prefecture-level city of Hegang is divided into 6 districts and 2 counties.The information presented here uses the metric system and data from the 2010 Census. ::data[format=table]

Map	#	English name	Hanzi	Pinyin	Area	Population

1	Xingshan District	兴山区	zh	27	44,803	1,659
2	Xiangyang District	向阳区	zh	9	110,916	12,324
3	Gongnong District	工农区	zh	11	140,070	12,734
4	Nanshan District	南山区	zh	30	119,047	3,968
5	Xing'an District	兴安区	zh	27	74,396	2,755
6	Dongshan District	东山区	zh	4,575	175,239	38
7	Luobei County	萝北县	zh	6,761	220,131	33
8	Suibin County	绥滨县	zh	3,344	174,063	52
::

Demographics

Per the 2020 Chinese Census, Hegang has a population of 891,271, down 15.81% from the 1,058,665 recorded in the 2010 Chinese Census. There were 417,337 households, with an average household size of 2.14 people. There were 445,771 males and 445,500 females, giving the city a sex ratio of 100.06 males per 100 females. 77,421 people in Hegang were aged 0-14 (8.69% of its total population), 597,050 people were aged 15-59 (66.99%), and 216,800 people were aged 60 and above (24.32%), of which 146,649 were aged 65 and above (16.45%). Hegang is highly urbanized, with 736,416 people living in urban areas (82.63% of its total population), while 154,855 people live in rural areas (17.37%).

Economy

In 2010, Hegang's GDP grew 16.1% to RMB 25.1 billion, ranking tenth among 13 prefectures and prefecture-level cities in the province. However, through the late 2010s into the early 2020s, its economy began to decline, in part due to its economic reliance on coal. Its population declined about 17% from 2013 to 2020, and its real estate market began struggling significantly, with rentals in some cases going for solely the cost of heating and property management fees. Local government revenue also began to shrink, leading the city in 2021 to undergo a fiscal restructuring plan, and to implement a hiring freeze.

Heavy industry dominates the city's industrial sector, with coal mining in particular being prominent. As of July 2024, Hegang hosts 39 coal mines, with an annual production capacity of 18 million tons. Other sizable mineral deposits in Hegang include graphite, clay, and silica.

Hegang also has sizable agricultural and animal husbandry industries. The city's agricultural industry is largely centered on the production of rice, maize, and soybeans. Common livestock in Hegang include dairy cows, pigs, chickens, and geese.

Other major industries in the city include agricultural products processing, food and beverage, dairy products, pharmaceuticals, and the production and supply of electricity.

Mining accidents

Two major mining accidents have occurred near the city. In September 2008, there was a fire at Fuhua Coal Mine, owned by Fuhua Mining Co., Ltd. It was caused by spontaneous combustion of coal. 31 miners died (19 deaths, 12 missing). In November 2009, there was a gas explosion at Xinxing coal mine, owned by Heilongjiang Longmay Mining Holding Group. Out of 528 workers, 420 miners were rescued and over 100 miners died. Of the 60 hospitalised survivors, they had broken bones, gas poisoning or respiratory injuries.

Education

By the end of 2019, Hegang had one full-time higher education school that is Hegang Normal College. with 2,926 students and 915 graduates.There are 7 specialized secondary schools, with 5,629 students and 1,464 graduates. There are 50 general secondary schools, with 37,982 students and 14,886 graduates. There are 36 primary schools with 29,771 students and 4,427 graduates. There is 1 special education school with 191 students. There are 144 kindergartens, with 12,045 children in attendance.

Hegang No.1 High School is located in the city.Hegang No. 1 Middle School was founded in March 1950 and has a long history of 60 years.

Transport

The Yichun-Hegang Highway, the Jiamusi-Hegang Highway and the Hegang-Luobei Highway form a comprehensive highway network within the city. It takes less than four hours to drive from Hegang to Harbin, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang Province. Luobei Port, which is within a one-hour drive from Hegang, is a major port on the Amur River. Jiamusi Airport, a one-hour drive from Hegang, operates flights to Beijing, Dalian and other major cities domestically.

A new Luobei Airport is scheduled to open in 2027.

Sister cities

Russia Birobidzhan, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Russia

Notable people

Qin Yuhai - Chinese politician and photographer. He was a former Mayor of Hegang (1997-1998).
Li Yunfeng - Chinese athlete, coach, and politician
Liu Jiayu - Chinese athlete
Yin Shoukun-Member of Chinese Calligraphers Association

References

"China: Hēilóngjiāng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
(July 2024). "". link. Hegang Municipal People's Government
"2024年[黑龙江]鹤岗市人口总人数口有多少和第七次人口普查结果年龄金字塔结构民族组成情况-红黑人口库".
"(黑龙江省)2023年鹤岗市国民经济和社会发展统计公报-红黑统计公报库".
[http://scenery.cultural-china.com/en/147Scenery7881.html Hegang - China culture] {{webarchive. link. (2011-09-22)
Office of the Hegang Almanac Compilation Committee. (1990). Heilongjiang People's Press
(2022-05-14). "Coal, Once a Boon, Turns Chinese Rustbelt City Into a Bust". [[Sixth Tone]].
"鹤岗概况-鹤岗市人民政府（Overview of Hegang-Hegang Municipal People's Government）".
[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png Climate map of Asia] {{Webarchive. link. (2011-11-22 Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A.)
"鹤岗 - 气象数据 -中国天气网".
link. [[China Meteorological Administration]]
link. [[China Meteorological Administration]]
"鹤岗概况-鹤岗市人民政府（Overview of Hegang-Hegang Municipal People's Government）".
(2021-06-01). "". link. Hegang Municipal People's Government
link. Heilongjiang People's Government. (2011-04-18)
Ye. Qi. (2021-12-28). "". link
(2011-09-05). "Hegang ( Heilongjiang ) City Information". [[Hong Kong Trade Development Council]].
(September 22, 2008). "Two mining mishaps claim 56 lives".
Duncan, Maxim. (November 21, 2009). "China mine explosion death toll reaches 92".
(November 25, 2009). "Danger all in a day's work for China mine rescuers".
(November 22, 2009). "China mine blast death toll passes 100".
Chan, John. (November 23, 2009). "Chinese mine explosion kills more than 100".
"2025鹤岗有哪些大学？鹤岗所有大学名单一览表（1所）_大学生必备网（What universities are there in Hegang in 2025? List of all universities in Hegang）".
"【喜报】鹤岗市第一中学再一次荣获全国百强中学_活动_中国_声望（Hegang No.1 Middle School once again won the title of Top 100 Middle Schools in China）".
sina_mobile. (2020-05-23). "中国小城故事：终将消逝的四种城市（Stories of China's Small Cities: Four Types of Cities That Will Disappear）".
[https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3318781/chinese-rust-belt-city-hegang-gambles-new-airport-russian-trade-fuel-revival Chinese rust-belt city Hegang gambles on new airport, Russian trade to fuel revival]. [[South China Morning Post]]
(September 22, 2014). "Senior Henan Legislator Falls under Scrutiny of Anti-Corruption Watchdog".
"黑龙江鹤岗名人 -- 中国发展门户网(Celebrities in Hegang, Heilongjiang -- China Development Portal)".

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