Hallingmål-Valdris

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Hallingmål-Valdris
Halling, Hallingdøl, Valdresmål
Norway
Hallingdal, Valdres
Indo-European

GermanicNorthwest GermanicNorth GermanicWest ScandinavianNorwegianEastern NorwegianMidland NorwegianHallingmål-Valdris | | – | | None | | Administrative map of Hallingdal and Valdres .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}  Valdres   Hallingdal |

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Hallingmål-Valdris (also known by the individual names Halling, Hallingdøl, or Valdresmål) is a group of Norwegian dialects traditionally spoken in the traditional districts of Hallingdal in Buskerud county and Valdres in Innlandet county.

• /rn/ is usually realized as a prestopped nasal [dn̩], while the allophone [ɳ] only occurs in words like baren ([bɑːɳ]) "the bar".

• /rl/ also has a prestopped realization [dl].

• The phoneme which is commonly called thick L (written /ɽ/ in IPA), exists in words that had either ⟨l⟩ or ⟨rð⟩ in Old Norse. In Vang Municipality, /ɽ/ occurs only in the first case.

• The consonant clusters ⟨sk⟩, ⟨skj⟩, and ⟨sj⟩ were not pronounced as [ʂ], only ⟨-rs-⟩ was. Sørbygdi in Flå Municipality pronounces ⟨sj⟩ as [ʂ], while Gulsvik pronounces it as [ʂj].

• The consonant clusters ⟨sl⟩ and ⟨tl⟩ were mostly assimilated to [sl]. Hol Municipality and Ål Municipality assimilated these to [l̥], and Sørbygdi in Flå Municipality assimilated ⟨sl⟩ to [ʂl].

• The clusters ⟨-ld⟩, ⟨-nd⟩ and ⟨-mb⟩ are pronounced as spelled.

• The Old Norse cluster ⟨-fn⟩ is pronounced as assimilated [bdn] or [bn].

• The back vowels [ʊ, uː] and [ɔ, oː] in older Hallingmål-Valdris were pronounced as in Old Norse, without the vowel shift to, respectively, [ʉ, ʉː] and [ʊ, uː] that is found in most other Norwegian dialects.

• The short Old Norse vowels ⟨o⟩ and ⟨ö⟩ are pronounced as central [ɞ] almost everywhere, except for Ål Municipality (but not Torpo), where these are back [ɔ]. In Valdres (except for Vang Municipality), the schwa /ə/ can also be realized as [ɞ].

• Traditionally, /æ, æː/ were pronounced as open-mid [ɛ, ɛː].

• The words pronounced [e(ː)] and [ɛ(ː)] mean "I" and "am", respectively.

• Itacism is found in southern Hallingdal (Flå Municipality, Nesbyen Municipality and some in Gol Municipality), making the vowel /yː/ to be unrounded to [iː].

• The Old Norse diphthongs ⟨ei⟩, ⟨ey⟩ and ⟨au⟩ are traditionally pronounced as [aɪ̯], [ɔʏ̯] ([eɪ̯] in southern Hallingdal) and [aʊ̯]. This is occurs today especially in upper Valdres and Hol Municipality, and Ål Municipality.

Gender	Singular	Plural
[suːɽ]	[suːɽɛ]	[suːɳ]	[ˈsuːˈɽɛ],[ˈsuːˈɽi]	[ˈsuːɽˈidn̩]	[ˈsuːˈɽu]
[jaɪ̯t]	[ˈjaɪ̯ˈtɛ]	[ˈjaɪ̯ˈtn̩]	[jaɪ̯ta]	[ˈjaɪ̯ˈtadn̩]	[ˈjaɪ̯ˈtu]
[ˈjɛnˈtɛ]	[ˈjɛnˈta]	[ˈjɛnˈtʉn]	[ˈjɛnˈtʉ]	[ˈjɛnˈtʉdn̩]	[ˈjɛnˈtu]
[gʉːt]	[gʉːtn̩]	[gʉːta]	[ˈgʉːˈta]	[ˈgʉːˈtadn̩]	[ˈgʉːˈtu]
[griːs]	[griːsn̩]	[ˈgriːˈsɛ]	[ˈgriːˈsɛ],[ˈgriːˈsi]	[ˈgriːˈsidn̩]	[griːsu]
[ˈbakˈkɛ]	[ˈbakˈkin]	[ˈbakˈka]	[ˈbakˈka]	[ˈbakˈkadn̩]	[ˈbakˈku]
[hʉːs]	[hʉːsɛ]	[ˈhʉːˈsɛ]	[hʉːs]	[hʉːsɛ]
[aʊ̯ga]	[aʊ̯ga(ə)]	[aʊ̯gaɛ]	[aʊ̯gʉ], [aʊ̯gu]	[aʊ̯gu],[aʊ̯gʉdn̩]	[aʊ̯gu]

• Bygdemål

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