Gyalsumdo language

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Gyalsumdo (ग्याल्सुस्दो) is a mostly undocumented Tibetic language spoken by an estimated 200 individuals of the Manang District in the Gandaki Zone of Nepal. In January 2018 the language was added to ISO 639-3 under the code "gyo."

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Gyalsumdo
ग्याल्सुस्दो
Nepal
200 (2011)
Sino-Tibetan

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Gyalsumdo (ग्याल्सुस्दो) is a mostly undocumented Tibetic language spoken by an estimated 200 individuals of the Manang District in the Gandaki Zone of Nepal. In January 2018 the language was added to ISO 639-3 under the code "gyo."

Gyalsumdo is a tonal language; however in Gyalsumdo, unlike most other Central Tibetan languages, the word, rather than the syllable acts as the tone bearing unit. The language is reportedly closely related to the nearby Nubri and Tsum languages which share a large proportion of vocabulary. Gyalsumdo is also described as being somewhat intelligible by speakers of Nar-Phu.

There are 30 consonants in Gyalsumdo, which are summarized in the table below.

Labial

Dental

Post-alveolar

Retroflex

Palatal

Velar

Glottal

Plosive

voiceless

c ⟨ky⟩

aspirated

pʰ ⟨ph⟩

tʰ ⟨th⟩

ʈʰ ⟨ʈh⟩

cʰ ⟨khy⟩

kʰ ⟨kh⟩

voiced

ɟ ⟨gy⟩

Fricative

voiceless

voiced

Nasal

Rhotic

voiceless

r̥ ⟨rh⟩

voiced

Lateral

voiceless

l̥ ⟨lh⟩

voiced

Semivowel

j ⟨y⟩

There are five places of articulation for vowels.

Front

Mid

Back

High

i iː ⟨ii⟩

u uː ⟨uu⟩

Mid

ɛ ⟨e⟩ ɛː ⟨ee⟩

ɔ ⟨o⟩ ɔː ⟨oo⟩

Low

a aː ⟨aa⟩

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