Gyalideopsis

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Genus of lichen-forming fungi

title: "Gyalideopsis" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["gyalideopsis", "lichen-genera", "graphidales-genera", "taxa-named-by-antonín-vězda", "taxa-described-in-1972"] description: "Genus of lichen-forming fungi" topic_path: "general/gyalideopsis" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyalideopsis" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of lichen-forming fungi ::

| image = Gyalideopsis buckii (4504890398).jpg | image_caption = Gyalideopsis buckii | taxon = Gyalideopsis | authority = Vèzda (1972) | type_species = Gyalideopsis peruviana | type_species_authority = G.Merr. ex Vězda (1972) | synonyms_ref = | synonyms = *Diploschistella

Gyalideopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. Gyalideopsis species form delicate, film-like crusts on a wide variety of surfaces including tree bark, rocks, and mosses, often in tropical and temperate forests worldwide. Species in the genus produce distinctive small, scale-like structures called , which are thought to aid in asexual reproduction where ascospore-producing structures are absent or uncommon. Members of this genus lack the distinctive chemical compounds found in many other lichens, making them reliant on microscopic features and spore characteristics for scientific identification.

Taxonomy

Gyalideopsis was erected by the Czech lichenologist Antonín Vězda in 1972, during work towards a revision of the Gyalectaceae and other groups with "gyalectoid" (gyalectacean-like) apothecia (disc-shaped fruiting bodies). Vězda had found two poorly placed species (then known as Gyalecta peruviana and Lecidea athalloides) that resembled Gyalidea in general form and many anatomical traits, but differed in having a dense network of branched, interconnected (sterile filaments in the spore-bearing layer) rather than the unbranched, septate paraphyses typical of Gyalidea. When similar material reached him from Peter W. James in 1970, a comparative study of four taxa led Vězda to treat them as all in the same genus and to publish the new genus Gyalideopsis for them.

In the protologue, Vězda characterised Gyalideopsis as a crustose lichen with a thin, usually unbordered thallus containing a green Trebouxia photobiont, and dark apothecia with a persistent margin. Microscopically, both the apothecial margin () and the hymenium are composed of slender hyphae that branch and anastomose in abundant gelatin; the asci have an apical apparatus of the "nasse" type; and the colourless spores are transversely septate or (divided into many small compartments), often slightly constricted at their septa. Vězda designated Gyalideopsis peruviana as the type species.

On the basis of these , Vězda proposed placing the genus in the family Asterothyriaceae (as proposed by Rolf Santesson), a group then best known from foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichens. He considered Gyalideopsis closest to the asterothyriacean genera Tricharia and Calenia: compared with Tricharia, Gyalideopsis lacks thallus hairs and is not obligatorily leaf-dwelling, while Calenia differs in having apothecia covered by thallus tissue. In its original circumscription, Gyalideopsis contained four species: G. peruviana, G. anastomosans, and G. muscicola (all described as new) and G. athalloides (a new combination).

Description

Gyalideopsis species have a thin, crust-like thallus that often forms a delicate, almost film-like layer over the substrate. The surface is usually smooth, only rarely becoming finely warted, and the thallus tends to spread diffusely rather than forming discrete rosettes. Many species produce distinctive —small, erect, scale-like outgrowths thought to function in asexual reproduction where pycnidia are absent. The photosynthetic partner is a green alga (i.e. minute, single-celled algae of the genus Trebouxia or similar).

The sexual reproductive structures are apothecia, typically round and red-brown to almost black. When wetted they swell and become somewhat translucent, and they show a raised rim formed by fungal tissue; there is no (the thallus does not wrap around the ). Internally, both the apothecial rim () and the spore-bearing layer (hymenium) are built from a loose, net-like mesh of very fine, branching hyphae embedded in a jelly-like matrix. The asci contain two to eight ascospores, range from cylindrical-club-shaped to egg-shaped, and have a thickened tip; their contents stain wine red in the K/I iodine test (potassium hydroxide pretreatment followed by iodine).

The ascospores are colourless and vary from simply cross-walled to densely , meaning they are divided by many transverse and longitudinal septa into a brick-like pattern. Around each spore there is a (an outer coat) that can be thin or relatively thick. No secondary metabolites have been detected by thin-layer chromatography, so there are no known diagnostic lichen substances in this genus.

Species

, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 52 species of Gyalideopsis.

References

References

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  5. (2017). "Hongos liquenícolas de Ecuador". Opera Lilloana.
  6. (2000). "''Gyalideopsis japonica'' (lichenized Ascomycota, Gomphillaceae), a new gyalectoid lichen from Japan". Natural History Research.
  7. Harada, H.. (2008). "''Gyalideopsis chibaensis'' (lichenized Ascomycota, Gomphillaceae), a new gyalectoid lichen from central Japan". Lichenology.
  8. (2011). "''Gyalideopsis lunata'' sp. nov. (lichenized Ascomycota, Gomphillaceae) with rudimentary hyphophores, from Gifuken, central Japan". Lichenology.
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  10. (2019). "New lichenized Arthoniales and Ostropales from Mexican seasonally dry tropical forest". The Bryologist.
  11. James, P.W.. (1975). "The genus ''Gyalideopsis'' Vezda in Britain". The Lichenologist.
  12. (1994). "Neue Arten der Flechtengattung ''Gyalideopsis'' Vězda (Gomphillaceae)". Nova Hedwigia.
  13. (1992). "Additions to the lichen flora of Tasmania". Telopea.
  14. (2004). "''Gyalideopsis moodyae'' (Ostropales: Gomphillaceae), a new lichen species from eastern North America". The Bryologist.
  15. (2017). "Revision of ''Gyalideopsis ozarkensis'' and ''G. subaequatoriana'' (Gomphillaceae; lichenized Ascomycetes), leads to the description of an overlooked new species". The Bryologist.
  16. Lücking, R.. (1997). "Additions and corrections to the knowledge of the foliicolous lichen flora of Costa Rica. The family Gomphillaceae". Bibliotheca Lichenologica.
  17. (2003). "Foliicolous lichens from Valdivian temperate rainforest of Chile and Argentina: evidence of an austral element, with the description of seven new taxa". Global Ecology and Biogeography.
  18. (2005). "Phylogeny and systematics of the lichen family Gomphillaceae (Ostropales) inferred from cladistic analysis of phenotype data". The Lichenologist.
  19. (2006). "A first assessment of the Ticolichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica: the genus ''Gyalideopsis'' and its segregates (Ostropales: Gomphillaceae), with a world‑wide key and name status checklist". The Lichenologist.
  20. (2007). "The lichen family Gomphillaceae (Ostropales) in eastern North America, with notes on hyphophore development in Gomphillus and ''Gyalideopsis''". The Bryologist.
  21. Lücking, R.. (2008). "Foliicolous lichenized fungi".
  22. (2016). "''Gyalideopsis pusilla'' (Gomphillaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes), a new species from southeastern North America". North American Fungi.
  23. (2014). "Two new lichens from Mount Canobolas, New South Wales". Telopea.
  24. (2008). "Additions and corrections to the lichens of Heard Island". The Lichenologist.
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  26. Vainio, E.A.. "Lichenes Africani Novi". Annales Universitatis Fennicae Aboënsis.
  27. (2000). "''Gyalideopsis helvetica'', a new lichen species from Central Europe". Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde.
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  29. Vězda, A.. (1979). "Flechtensystematische Studien XI. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Familie Asterothyriaceae (Discolichenes)". Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica.
  30. (1988). "Zwei neue ''Gyalideopsis''-Arten aus den Regenwäldern Australiens: ''G. perlucida'' und ''Gyalideopsis rogersii'' (lichenisiert Ascomycetes, Gomphillaceae)". Preslia (Praha).
  31. (1991). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der foliikolen Flechten australischer Regenwälder II". Nova Hedwigia.
  32. Vězda, A.. (2003). "''Gyalideopsis tuerkii'' (lichenisierte Ascomycotina, Gomphillaceae), eine neue Art der Alpen". Herzogia.
  33. Vězda, A.. (2004). "Neue foliicole Flechten III". Acta Musei Richnoviensis.
  34. (2007). "''Gyalideopsis pandani'' (licheniserte Ascomycota, Gomphillaceae), eineneue Art aus Papua New Guinea". Bibliotheca Lichenologica.
  35. (2018). "The genus ''Gyalideopsis'' (lichenized Ascomycota: Gomphillaceae) in Brazil: updated checklist, key to species, and two novel taxa with unique hyphophores". The Bryologist.
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