Gyalectales

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Order of lichen-forming fungi

title: "Gyalectales" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["gyalectales", "ascomycota-orders", "taxa-described-in-1986", "taxa-named-by-david-leslie-hawksworth"] description: "Order of lichen-forming fungi" topic_path: "general/gyalectales" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyalectales" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Order of lichen-forming fungi ::

| image = Gyalecta jenensis, Apothecien.jpg | image_caption = Apothecia of Gyalecta jenensis | taxon = Gyalectales | authority = Henssen ex D.Hawksw. & O.E.Erikss. (1986) | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = Coenogoniaceae

Gyalectaceae

Phlyctidaceae

Porinaceae

Sagiolechiaceae

Gyalectales is an order of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 5 families, 18 genera and about 550 species.

Taxonomy

The Gyalectales were introduced in a 1974 publication by Aino Henssen and Martin Jahns, but not formally published until 1986 by David Hawksworth and Ove Eriksson.

Phylogeny

An early (2002) phylogenetics study showed that the order Ostropales, as was then circumscribed, was paraphyletic, and proposed that the Ostropales sensu lato included the Gyalectales and Trapeliaceae. Although they had traditionally been considered to be only distantly related, molecular studies suggested a much closer phylogenetic relationship. As a result, of the molecular data, Kauff and Lutzoni subsumed the Gyalectales into the Ostropales, as the latter name was published earlier (1932 vs. 1986).

In 2018, Kraichak and colleagues used a recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks. Based on this approach, clades that share a common ancestor between 176 and 194 Mya and a time window of 111–135 Mya correspond to order-level and family-level, respectively. The Gyalectales clade, consisting of the families Trichotheliaceae, Coenogoniaceae, Sagiolechiaceae, Gyalectaceae and Phlyctidaceae, has a crown node that falls within the temporal band for orders. For this reason the name Gyalectales was resurrected to represent the monophyletic clade. Gyalectales itself is placed in Ostropomycetidae, one of two major subclasses in the Lecanoromycetes.

This proposed classification has been accepted in a later review of the temporal banding method for fungus systematics, as well a 2022 update on fungal classification.

Families and genera

This is a list of the families and genera contained within the Gyalectales, based on a 2022 review and summary of fungal classification. Following the taxon name is the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and (for genera) the number of species: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Pseudosagedia_aenea_(Schors-olievlekje),_Coepelduyn,_Katwijk,_NL_03.jpg" caption="''[[Pseudosagedia aenea]]''"] ::

References

References

  1. Acharius, E.. (1808). "Förteckning på de i Sverige våxande arter af Lafvarnas Familj". Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar.
  2. (2010). "Major clades and phylogenetic relationships between lichenized and non-lichenized lineages in Ostropales (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes)". Taxon.
  3. (2000). "Widespread occurrence of spliceosomal introns in the rDNA genes of ascomycetes". Molecular Biology and Evolution.
  4. Brusse, F.A.. (1987). "''Psathyrophlyctis'', a new lichen genus from southern Africa". Bothalia.
  5. Choisy, M.. (1949). "Catalogue des lichens de la region lyonnaise". Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon.
  6. (1991). "Validation of six family names of lichenized ascomycetes". Systema Ascomycetum.
  7. Ehrenberg, C.G.. (1820). "Horae Physicae Berolinenses 1820".
  8. (2021). "''Thelopsis'' challenges the generic circumscription in the Gyalectaceae and brings new insights to the taxonomy of ''Ramonia''". The Lichenologist.
  9. Flotow, J.. (1850). "Lichenologische Beiträge zur Flora Europaea". Botanische Zeitung.
  10. (2001). "Major fungal lineages are derived from lichen symbiotic ancestors". Nature.
  11. (1974). "Lichenes. Eine Einfuhrung in die Flechtenkunde". Georg Thieme Verlag.
  12. (1986). "The names of accepted orders of ascomycetes". Systema Ascomycetum.
  13. (2002). "Phylogeny of the Gyalectales and Ostropales (Ascomycota, Fungi): among and within order relationships based on nuclear ribosomal RNA small and large subunits". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
  14. (2018). "A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
  15. (2019). "Stop the abuse of time! Strict temporal banding is not the future of rank-based classifications in fungi (including lichens) and other organisms". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences.
  16. (2020). "''Saxiloba'': a new genus of placodioid lichens from the Caribbean and Hawaii shakes up the Porinaceae tree (lichenized Ascomycota: Gyalectales)". Plant and Fungal Systematics.
  17. Massalongo, A.. (1854). "Geneacaena lichenum ab A. prof. Massalongo noviter proposita ac descripta". Typis Ramanzinianis.
  18. (1996). "''Myeloconis'', a new genus of pyrenocarpous lichens from the tropics". The Lichenologist.
  19. Müller, J.. (1885). "Pyrenocarpeae Cubenses a cl. C. Wright lectae". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie.
  20. Reichenbach, H.G.L.. (1828). "Conspectus regni vegetabilis per gradus naturales evoluti. Tentamen". C. Cnobloch.
  21. (2018). "''Flabelloporina'', a new genus in the Porinaceae (Ascomycota, Ostropales), with the first record of ''F. squamulifera'' from Brazil". Phytotaxa.
  22. (1921). "Lichenes insularum Philippinarum. III.". Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae Series A.
  23. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere.

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