Guangyun

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title: "Guangyun" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["chinese-dictionaries", "song-dynasty-literature", "middle-chinese", "traditional-chinese-phonology", "11th-century-chinese-books"] description: "Chinese rhyme dictionary compiled during the Song dynasty" topic_path: "arts" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangyun" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Chinese rhyme dictionary compiled during the Song dynasty ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Guangyun_Dong_Rhyme_1.jpg" caption="The beginning of the first rhyme group of the ''Guangyun'', with first character 東 ("east")"] ::

The Guangyun (Kuang-yun; ) is a Chinese rhyme dictionary that was compiled from 1007 to 1008 under the patronage of Emperor Zhenzong of Song. Its full name was Dà Sòng chóngxiū guǎngyùn (大宋重修廣韻, literally "Great Song revised and expanded rhymes"). Chen Pengnian (陳彭年, 961–1017) and Qiu Yong (邱雍) were the chief editors.

The dictionary is a revision and expansion of the influential Qieyun rhyme dictionary of 601, and was itself later revised as the Jiyun. Pingshui Yun system, the standard for poetry rhyming after the Song Dynasty, is also based on Guangyun. Until the discovery of an almost complete early 8th century edition of the Qieyun in 1947, the Guangyun was the most accurate available account of the Qieyun phonology, and was heavily used in early work on the reconstruction of Middle Chinese. It is still used as a major source.

The Guangyun has a similar hierarchical organization to the Qieyun:

• The dictionary is split into four tones in five volumes, two for the Middle Chinese level tone ({{linktext|平聲}}) and one each for the three oblique tones, rising ({{linktext|上聲}}), departing ({{linktext|去聲}}) and entering ({{linktext|入聲}}).
• Each tone is split into rhymes, with a total of 206 final rhymes, increased from 193 in the Qieyun.
• Each rhyme is divided into groups of homophonous characters, with the pronunciation of each group given by a fanqie formula. The dictionary has a total of 26,194 character entries, each containing a brief explanation of the character's meaning.

The Unihan database incorporates the "SBGY" (Songben Guangyun; "Song edition Guangyun") dataset with 25,334 head-entries for 19,583 characters.

Table of Consonants

::data[format=table] | Table of Consonants in the Guangyun Sound System | Location | Manner | Traditional Name | New Name | | Traditional Name | Unvoiced Unaspirated | Unvoiced Aspirated | Voiced | Nasal | New Name | Unaspirated | Aspirated | Voiced | Nasal | l | Semivowels | | Stops | | Affricates | | Fricatives | | Stops | | Affricates | | Stops | | Affricates | | Fricatives | Labial | | Bilabials | | Bilabial | p | | | | | | pʰ | | | | b | | | | | | m | | | | | | Labiodentals | | Labiodental | | | pf | | | | | | pfʰ | | | | bv | | | | ɱ | | | | | Aveolar | | Dental stops | | Dental stops | t | | | | | | tʰ | | | | d | | | | | | n | | | | | | Retroflex stops | | Palatal | ȶ | | | | | | ȶʰ | | | | ȡ | | | | | | ȵ | | | | | Lateral | | Dental affricates | | Anterior coronal | | | ts | | s | | | | sʰ | | | | dz | | z | | | | | | | Retroflex/ Alveolo-palatal affricates | | Tongue blade | | | tʃ | | ʃ | | | | tʃʰ | | | | dʒ | | | | | | | | | | Palatal | | | tɕ | | ɕ | | | | tɕʰ | | | | dʑ | | ʒ | | | | | | | Velars | | Guttural | k | | | | | | kʰ | | | | g | | | | | | ŋ | | | | | Glottal | | Glottal | ʔ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Guttural | | | | | x | | | | | | | | | | ɣ | | | | | | | | Laminal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | j | Half dental lateral | | Alveolar | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | l | | | Half retroflex | | Palatal | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ȵ, ʑ | | | | | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| ::

References

Bibliography

• {{cite encyclopedia | last = JACQUES | first = Guillaume | editor-last = Sybesma | editor-first = Rint | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics | title = Traditional Chinese Phonology | url = https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-chinese-language-and-linguistics/traditional-chinese-phonology-COM_00000084 | access-date = 21 December 2018 | language = en | year = 2015 | publisher = Brill
• {{cite book | last = Li | first = Jialong (李加龙) | date = 2017 | title =Hànyǔ Fāngyán Diàochá |script-title=zh:汉语方言调查 | trans-title=Chinese Phonological Research |publisher = The Commercial Press |location = Beijing |isbn = 978-7-100-12869-8

References

1. (1992). "A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology". Mouton de Gruyter.
2. (1988). "Chinese". Cambridge University Press.
3. (1971). "An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works". Harvard University Press.
4. (2010). "Unicode Standard Annex #38: Unicode Han Database". Unicode Consortium.

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