Graduation tower

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Structure used in the production of salt

title: "Graduation tower" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["mining-equipment", "salt-production"] description: "Structure used in the production of salt" topic_path: "general/mining-equipment" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduation_tower" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Structure used in the production of salt ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Bad_Kissingen_-Gradierwerk-_2020.jpg" caption="[[Bad Kissingen]], Germany"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Tężnia_-_Ciechocinek.JPG" caption="[[Ciechocinek]], Poland"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gradierwerk_Bad_Salzuflen_Detail.jpg" caption="Close-up view of brushwood with mineral deposits"] ::

A graduation tower (occasionally referred to as a thorn house) is a structure, used in the production of salt, that removes water from a saline solution by evaporation, increasing its concentration of mineral salts. The tower consists of a wooden wall-like frame stuffed with bundles of brushwood (typically blackthorn) that have to be changed every five to ten years, as they become encrusted with mineral deposits over time. The salt water runs down the tower and partly evaporates. At the same time, some minerals from the solution are left behind on the brushwood twigs.

Graduation towers can be found in a number of spa towns, primarily in Germany but also Poland and Austria. The mineral-rich water droplets in the air are regarded as having beneficial health effects similar to that of breathing in sea air.

Large graduation tower complexes are located in Ciechocinek and Inowrocław, Poland. Ciechocinek's entirely wooden construction was erected in the 19th century by Stanisław Staszic. The complex consists of three towers, with a total length of over 2 km. Many tourists visit it for health reasons.

Gallery

File:Bad_Duerrenberg_Gradierwerk_S.jpg|Graduation tower in Bad Dürrenberg File:Gradierwerk.JPG|18th-century schematic File:Aerozol pod teznia.JPG|Aerosol at Ciechocinek facility File:Gradierwerk Bad Kreuznach 07.jpg|Graduation towers in Bad Kreuznach

Partial list of towns and cities with graduation towers

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Ciechocinek_teznia_6.jpg" caption="View from the top of the tower at [[Ciechocinek]], Poland"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Bad_Dürkheimer_Gradierwerk_21-04-2005.jpg" caption="[[Bad Dürkheim"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Gradierwerk'RH.jpg" caption="[[Bad Reichenhall"] ::

With years of initial construction where available. Does not include modern indoor facilities found in some spas.

;France

;Germany

;Poland

;Romania

;United Kingdom

References

References

  1. "Graduation House".
  2. Affelt, Waldemar: ''[http://gilbert.aq.upm.es/sedhc/biblioteca_digital/Congresos/CIHC1/CIHC1_015.pdf Wooden masterwork of saline in Ciechocinek, Poland] {{webarchive. link. (2011-09-07 '', in: Santiago Huerta (ed.): ''Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History: Madrid, 20th–24th January 2003'', Instituto Juan de Herrera, Madrid 2003, {{ISBN). 84-9728-070-9
  3. (22 September 2020). "Tężnia solankowa".
  4. "Graduation towers started on the promenade".
  5. "The Brine Graduation Tower Wieliczka".
  6. "Company brings back salt-making in Scotland using ancient technique".

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

mining-equipmentsalt-production