Gorteria

Quality 0.50 · 2 views · Updated 2 months ago

Genus of plants

title: "Gorteria" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["arctotideae", "flora-of-the-afrotropical-realm", "asteraceae-genera", "botanical-taxa-named-by-carl-linnaeus"] description: "Genus of plants" topic_path: "general/arctotideae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorteria" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of plants ::

|image = Gorteria diffusa Hantham 02.jpg |image_caption = Gorteria diffusa |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Gorteria |authority =L. (1759) |type_species = Gorteria personata |type_species_authority = L. |synonyms =

  • Hirpicium Cass. (1820)
  • Ictinus Cass. (1818)
  • Personaria Lam. (1797) |synonyms_ref =

Gorteria is a genus of small annual herbaceous plants or shrubs that is assigned to the daisy family (Compositae or Asteraceae). It includes 12 species native to eastern and southern Africa, ranging from Ethiopia to South Africa.

Description

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Gorteria_personata_-Flickr-_Kevin_Thiele.jpg" caption="zygomorph]]), deeply incised to form five lobes and have some hairs and glandular hairs. Some set seed, but most of them are functionally male. The [[anther]]s do not have tail extensions."] ::

Differences with related genera

A very particular character for Gorteria is that plants in their first year have an old flower head at their foot, because the cypselas do not part from the flower head when ripe, but germinate remaining in the flower head. Furthermore, the species of Gorteria share spine-like hairs on the corollas of both ray- and disc florets, the bracts of the involucre merged only at their foot, and crystals below the skin of the outer seed coat. All these characters are absent in its near relatives.

Species

12 species are accepted.

Taxonomy

Carl Linnaeus, famous for his introduction of the binominal nomenclature, erected the genus Gorteria, in part II of the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae published in 1759, with the description of the type species Gorteria personata. The genus was named in honour of the Dutch physicians and botanists Johannes de Gorter and his son David de Gorter. Linnaeus' circumscription of the genus was much wider than today, since he included species that now are in several other genera of the Gorteriinae, such as G. squarrosa (= Cullumia squarrosa) in 1760, Gorteria rigens (= Gazania rigens) and G. fruticosa (= Berkheya barbata), both in 1763. Carl Peter Thunberg in 1798 reviewed Gorteria and considered the interlocked margins (or connation) of the involucral bracts diagnostic for the genus, but this is in fact common to the entire subtribe Gorteriinae. He distinguished ten herbaceous species and two woody, seven including G. diffusa and G. integrifolia new to science. In 1818, French botanist Henri Cassini described the new genus Ictinus with type species piloselloides, but in 1824 reassigned it to Gorteria, making the new combination G. piloselloides. In 1820, Cassini erected the genus Hirpicium with type species H. echinulatum. This however is an illegitimate name, since the type specimen is identical to that used by Thunberg to base Oedera alienata on in 1792, and the correct name would be Hirpicium alienatum (= G. alienata). In 1797, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck erected the genus Personaria, and in 1816, Jean Louis Marie Poiret reassigned Personaria personata to Gorteria. In 1832, German botanist Christian Friedrich Lessing restricted Gorteria. In 1838, Augustin Pyramus de Candolle described three further species: G. affinis, G. calendulacea and G. corymbosa. In 1959 and 1973, Helmuth Roessler distinguished two subspecies in G. personata, subsp. personata and subsp. gracilis, and three subspecies in G. diffusa, subsp. diffusa, subsp. calendulacea and subsp. parviligulosa. Only in 2014, Frida Stångberg and Arne Anderberg reassigned Hirpicium alienatum and H. integrifolium to Gorteria, and clarified the relationship between the taxa within Gorteria.

Phylogeny

The tribe Arctotideae consists of the subtribes Arctotidinae and Gorteriinae. The Gorteriinae contain two groups, one comprising Berkheya, Cullumia, Cuspidia, Didelta and Heterorhachis, the other one Gorteria and its close relatives of the genera Gazania, Berkheyopsis, and Roessleria. Recent comparison of homologous genes has seriously upset the delineation of the species within Gorteria and prompted the reassignment of Hirpicium alienatum and H. integrifolium to Gorteria. According to this study, the species and their relationships are as expressed in the following tree.

|label1=genus Gorteria |1={{clade |1=G. piloselloides |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=G. integrifolia |2=G. alienata |2={{clade |1=G. personata |2=G. diffusa |3={{clade |1={{clade |1=G. warmbadica |2=G. corymbosa |2=G. parviligulosa

Reassigned species

The species that were originally described as, or moved to Gorteria, which since have been reassigned include the following:

Distribution

Representatives of the genus Gorteria can be found in the !Karas Region of Namibia, the Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces, and a few observations in the west of the Eastern Cape of South Africa.

References

References

  1. (2023). "''Gorteria'' L.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. (2014). "Morphology and taxonomic reclassification of Gorteria (Asteraceae)". [[Willdenowia (journal).
  3. "Gorteria personata L.".
  4. In 2018 Stångberg, Karis, and Anderberg concluded that ''Hirpicium'' was polyphyletic, and that a number of ''Hirpicium'' species, including the type species ''H. alienatum'', were nested within ''Gorteria''. Those species were included within ''Gorteria'', and the ''Hirpicium'' species in separate clades were placed in the genera ''[[Berkheyopsis]]'' and ''[[Roessleria]]''.F. Stångberg, P.O. Karis, A. Anderberg, 2018. Intergeneric relationships in the Gorteria clade of Arctotideae-Gorteriinae (Asteraceae), with description of a new genus, ''Roessleria''. ''South African Journal of Botany'', Volume 118, 2018. Pages 216-231. ISSN 0254-6299, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.07.018.

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

arctotideaeflora-of-the-afrotropical-realmasteraceae-generabotanical-taxa-named-by-carl-linnaeus