Gonorynchiformes

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Order of fishes

title: "Gonorynchiformes" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["gonorynchiformes", "extant-berriasian-first-appearances", "ray-finned-fish-orders", "taxa-named-by-george-s.-myers", "taxa-named-by-humphry-greenwood", "taxa-named-by-donn-eric-rosen"] description: "Order of fishes" topic_path: "general/gonorynchiformes" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorynchiformes" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Order of fishes ::

| fossil_range = | image = milkfish.jpg | image_caption = Milkfish, Chanos chanos | display_parents = 3 | parent_authority = Rosen and Greenwood, 1970 | taxon = Gonorynchiformes | authority = Greenwood, Rosen, Weitzman, and Myers, 1966 | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = Chanidae (milkfish)

Gonorynchidae (beaked salmons)

Kneriidae (shellears)

Phractolaemidae (hingemouths) | type_species = Gonorynchus gonorynchus | type_species_authority = (Linnaeus, 1766)

The Gonorynchiformes are an order of ray-finned fish that includes the important food source, the milkfish (Chanos chanos, family Chanidae), and a number of lesser-known types, both marine and freshwater.

The alternate spelling "Gonorhynchiformes", with an "h", is frequently seen but not official.

Gonorynchiformes have small mouths and no teeth. They are the sole group in the clade Anotophysi, a subgroup of the superorder Ostariophysi. They are characterized by a primitive Weberian apparatus formed by the first three vertebrae and one or more cephalic ribs within the head. This apparatus is believed to be a hearing organ, and is found in a more advanced and complex form in the related cypriniform fish, such as carp. Also like the cypriniforms, the gonorynchiforms produce a substance from their skin when injured that dissolves into the water and acts an alarm signal to other fish.

Etymology

The name comes from Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía), meaning "angle", ῥύγχος (rhúnkhos), meaning "snout", and Latin formes, meaning "form".

Taxonomy

Although many of the families are rather small, there are several fossil genera. This listing of the groups of Gonorynchiformes includes fossil fish with a short description. They are listed in approximate order of how primitive their characteristics are. |title=Phylogeny of living Gonorynchiformes |{{clade|style=font-size:80%;line-height:100%;width:300px; |label1=Gonorynchiformes |1={{clade |label1=Gonorynchidae |1=Gonorynchus |2={{clade |label1=Chanidae |1=Chanos |label2=Kneriidae |2={{clade |label1=Phractolaeminae |1=Phractolaemus |label2=Kneriinae |2={{clade |1=Kneria |2={{clade |1=Parakneria |label2=Cromeriini |2={{clade |1=Cromeria |2=Grasseichthys The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the extant taxa in this order as follows, as does Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes:

Order Gonorynchiformes Greenwood, Rosen, Weitzman, and Myers, 1966

References

Bibliography

References

  1. Thomas J. Near. (2024). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History.
  2. Nelson, Joseph, S.. (2006). "Fishes of the World". John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
  3. Banister, Keith F.. (1998). "Encyclopedia of Fishes". Academic Press.
  4. Taverne, Emmanuel Fara, Mireille Gayet, Louis. (2010). "The Fossil Record of Gonorynchiformes". CRC Press.
  5. Thomas J. Near, Alex Dornburga, Matt Friedman (2014): ''Phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification in gonorynchiform fishes inferred using nuclear gene DNA sequences (Teleostei: Ostariophysi).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, [[DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.013]]
  6. (2016). "Fishes of the World". [[John Wiley & Sons]].
  7. "Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification". [[California Academy of Sciences]].
  8. (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa.

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gonorynchiformesextant-berriasian-first-appearancesray-finned-fish-orderstaxa-named-by-george-s.-myerstaxa-named-by-humphry-greenwoodtaxa-named-by-donn-eric-rosen