George Candidius

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title: "George Candidius" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["protestant-missionaries-in-taiwan", "dutch-protestant-missionaries", "dutch-expatriates-in-taiwan", "1597-births", "1647-deaths", "people-from-tainan", "people-from-heilbronn-(district)", "people-from-dutch-formosa", "dutch-reformed-church-missionaries", "dutch-east-india-company-people"] topic_path: "geography/netherlands" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Candidius" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

Georgius Candidius (1597– 30 April 1647) was a Dutch Reformed Church missionary to Dutch Formosa from 1627 to 1637. He was the first missionary to be stationed on the island.

Names

Name

Candidius's Latinate first name is sometimes Germanified to Georg He sinified it as {{linktext|干|治|士}}, whose modern pinyin romanization is Gān Zhìshì.

Biography

Candidius was born in 1597 at Kirchardt in the Palatinate. He studied at Leiden in the Dutch Republic from 1621 to 1623, when he was persuaded by Sebastiaen Dankaerts to minister overseas. Before arriving in Formosa in 1627 Candidius worked in Ternate, Moluccas. Having arrived in Taiwan he refused to live in the Dutch castle Zeelandia and settled in the native village of Sinckan (modern-day Sinshih) instead.

In 1632 he married Saartje Specx, daughter of Governor-General Jacques Specx. Specx had previously evoked a scandal in Batavia and Holland when she was discovered making love to a young soldier in the private quarters of Specx's predecessor, Jan Pieterszoon Coen, who was known for his harsh discipline. Narrowly escaping a death sentence, she was flogged and her lover beheaded.

After a year in residence in the region of Tayouan (present-day Tainan), Candidius commented regarding his missionary duties that: ::quote

Candidius returned to the Netherlands in 1639 and went to Batavia (Jakarta) in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) in 1643. There, he served as rector of the Latin school until his death on 30 April 1647.

Sun-Moon Lake in central Taiwan was named Lake Candidius in his honour and is referred to thus in older English writings, although this name was not adopted by the local inhabitants and later fell into disuse.

Published works

References

Donald Frederick Lach & Edwin J. Van Kley. (1993). "Asia in the Making of Europe". University of Chicago Press.
or [[Anglicization
Campbell, ''Sketches'', [https://archive.org/details/sketchesfromtaiw00camprich/page/336 p. 336].
Gerald H. Anderson. (1998). "Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions". Macmillan Reference.
[http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/DVN/lemmata/data/Specx Specx, Sara (1616/1617-ca. 1636)]
Candidius, G.. (1903). "Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island". Kegan Paul.
Campbell, William. (1915). "Sketches of Formosa". Marshall Brothers.

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