Gemmula

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Genus of gastropods

title: "Gemmula" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["gemmula", "turridae", "extant-danian-first-appearances"] description: "Genus of gastropods" topic_path: "general/gemmula" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemmula" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of gastropods ::

|taxon = Gemmula |image = Gemmula contrasta (MNHN-IM-2000-30398).jpeg |image_caption = shell of Gemmula contrasta (holotype at MNHN, Paris) |authority = Weinkauff, 1875 |type_species = Pleurotoma gemmata |type_species_authority = Hinds, 1843 |synonyms_ref = |synonyms =

  • Eugemmula Iredale, 1931
  • Gemmula (Gemmula) Weinkauf, 1875
  • Pleurotoma (Gemmula) Weinkauff, 1875 (original rank)
  • Turris (Gemmula) Weinkauf, 1875 |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = See text |display_parents = 3

Gemmula, common name the gem turrids, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turridae, the turrids.

These snails have been recorded as fossils from the Paleocene to the Quaternary (from 66.043 to 0.012 Ma). Fossils have been found all over the world.

This genus is still regarded as paraphyletic and was revised in 2024. A high number of undescribed species are estimated to belong to Gemmula. Since independent “Gemmula-like” lineages are distributed all over the turrid tree, a revision of Gemmula would entail again a complete revision of the family Turridae.

This revision has been made in 2024 as part of the generic revision of the Recent Turridae. Gemmula has been split up in 10 new genera.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Turridae_-_Gemmula_rotata.JPG" caption="Fossil shell of ''Gemmula rotata'' from Pliocene"] ::

They are venomous with disulfide-rich polypeptides in their venom ducts. These bioactive peptides are likely to become a resource for novel pharmacologically active compounds

Habitat and feeding habits

The snails in this genus occur mostly in deeper tropical waters at depths between 50 and 500m. Because of these deep habitats, little is known about their feeding habits.

Taxonomy

The Gemmula clade is more closely related to the clades Xenuroturris, Turris and Lophiotoma than to the other clades in the former subfamily Turrinae.

Description

The fusiform shell resembles Drillia, but with a thin and simple outer lip without an anterior sulcus, and the inner lip usually simple, hardly callous. The protoconch is polygyrate and axially costate. There are three or four embryonal whorls, the two upper ones smooth, upright, the others longitudinally ribbed. The sculpture is most emphasized in a spiral direction, often with a prominent beaded keel at or in front of the anal fasciole.The rather long siphonal canal is narrow and tapering, sometimes curved. The sinus is straight, more or less narrow and long, terminating in a nodulous peripheral keel that is gemmate throughout. Type species : Pleurotoma gemmata Hinds, 1843

The bead-row of the fasciole readily distinguishes this genus from related forms. Between the smooth protoconch and the adult whorls two or three whorls intervene with descrepant sculpture of fine arcuate longitudinal riblets.

As expected from venomous species, these species have a toxoglosson radula (formula 1 + 0 +1 + 0 + 1) with a central tooth that characterizes this genus.

Species

The genus Gemmula is the largest genus in the former subfamily Turrinae. Species within the genus Gemmula include:

Synonyms

References

  • Powell, A.W.B. 1964. The Family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 1. The Subfamily Turrinae. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 1: 227-346
  • Kilburn, R.N. (1983) Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 1. Subfamily Turrinae. Annals of the Natal Museum, 25, 549–585.

References

  1. Weinkauff (1875). ''Jahrb. dtsch. malak. Ges.'' '''2''': 285.
  2. {{WRMS species. 204110. ''Gemmula'' Weinkauff, 1875. 3 October 2010
  3. [https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=11149 Paleobiology Database]
  4. Puillandre N, Modica MV, Zhang Y, Sirovich L, Boisselier MC, Cruaud C, Holford M, Samadi S. 2012. Large-scale species delimitation method for hyperdiverse groups. Molecular Ecology 21: 2671–2691
  5. [https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02559713/document Zaharias P., Kantor Y.I., Fedosov A.E., Criscione F., Hallan A., Kano Y., Bardin J. & Puillandre N. (2020). Just the once will not hurt: DNA suggests species lumping over two oceans in deep-sea snails (Cryptogemma). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa010/5802562]
  6. Kantor, Y., Bouchet, P., Fedosov, A., Puillandre, N. & Zaharias, P. (2024). Generic revision of the Recent Turridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies. eyae032: 1-40.
  7. Heralde III, Francisco M.. (April 2008). "A rapidly diverging superfamily of peptide toxins in venomous Gemmula species". Toxicon.
  8. [http://www.philsciletters.org/October%202008/Gemmula%20ambara/Gemmula%20ambara%20PSL%202008%20Olivera.pdf Baldomero M. Olivera, David R. Hillyard and Maren Watkins, ''A new species of Gemmula, Weinkauff 1875; Evidence of two clades of Philippine species in the genus Gemmula'', Philippine Science letters, vol. 1 (1)]
  9. [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003646038 W.H. Dall (1908) Reports on the Mollusca and Brachiopoda, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. vol. 43]
  10. [https://archive.org/details/manualconch06tryorich G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences] {{PD-notice
  11. [https://archive.org/details/revisionofaustri00hedl Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Records of the Australian Museum 13(6): 213-359, pls 42-56] {{PD-notice
  12. [http://www.philsciletters.org/pdf/20105.pdf Francisco M. Heralde III et al., ''The Indo-Pacific Gemmula species in the subfamily Turrinae: Aspects of field distribution, molecular phylogeny, radular anatomy and feeding ecology'', Philippine Science Letters, vol. 3 (1), 2010]
  13. {{WRMS species. 389725. ''Gemmula alwyni'' Kilburn, 2005. 14 April 2010
  14. {{WRMS species. 433839. ''Gemmula closterion'' Sysoev, 1997. 14 April 2010
  15. {{WRMS species. 433840. ''Gemmula concinna'' (Dunker, 1871). 14 April 2010
  16. {{WRMS species. 433844. ''Gemmula ducalis'' (Thiele, 1925). 14 April 2010
  17. {{WRMS species. 456829. ''Gemmula flata'' Baoquan Li & Xinzheng Li, 2008. 14 April 2010
  18. {{WRMS species. 456830. ''Gemmula grandigyrata'' Baoquan Li & Xinzheng Li, 2008. 14 April 2010
  19. {{WRMS species. 433849. ''Gemmula granosus'' (Helbling, 1779). 14 April 2010
  20. {{WRMS species. 433851. ''Gemmula hindsiana'' Berry, 1958. 14 April 2010
  21. {{WRMS species. 433852. ''Gemmula husamaru'' (Nomura, 1940). 14 April 2010
  22. {{WRMS species. 433853. ''Gemmula interpolata'' Powell, 1967. 14 April 2010
  23. {{WRMS species. 433854. ''Gemmula kieneri'' (Doumet, 1840). 14 April 2010
  24. {{WRMS species. 432703. ''Gemmula lordhoweensis'' Kantor & Sysoev, 1991. 14 April 2010
  25. {{WRMS species. 433856. ''Gemmula lululimi'' Olivera, 1999. 14 April 2010
  26. {{WRMS species. 389708. ''Gemmula mystica'' Simone, 2005. 14 April 2010
  27. {{WRMS species. 433865. ''Gemmula sibogae'' (Schepman, 1913). 14 April 2010
  28. {{WRMS species. 433866. ''Gemmula sibukoensis'' Powell, 1964. 14 April 2010
  29. {{WRMS species. 433867. ''Gemmula sikatunai'' Olivera, 2004. 14 April 2010
  30. {{WRMS species. 432704. ''Gemmula stupa'' Lee, 2001. 14 April 2010
  31. {{WRMS species. 433872. ''Gemmula vagata'' (Smith E. A., 1895). 14 April 2010
  32. {{WRMS species. 435270. ''Gemmula webberae'' Kilburn, 1975. 14 April 2010
  33. {{WRMS species. 217101. ''Gemmula amabilis''. 14 April 2010
  34. {{WRMS species. 433836. ''Gemmula ambara'' Olivera et al., 2008. 14 April 2010
  35. {{WRMS species. 433837. ''Gemmula bisinuata'' (Martens, 1901). 14 April 2010
  36. {{WRMS species. 433838. ''Gemmula championi'' Kilburn, 1983. 14 April 2010
  37. {{WRMS species. 433841. ''Gemmula congener'' (Smith E. A., 1894). 14 April 2010
  38. {{WRMS species. 433842. ''Gemmula cosmoi'' (Sykes, 1930). 14 April 2010
  39. {{WRMS species. 433843. ''Gemmula damperierana'' Powell, 1964. 14 April 2010
  40. {{WRMS species. 435269. ''Gemmula diomedea'' Powell, 1964. 14 April 2010
  41. {{WRMS species. 433845. ''Gemmula fenestrata'' Kosuge, 1990. 14 April 2010
  42. {{WRMS species. 433846. ''Gemmula gemmulina'' (Martens, 1902). 14 April 2010
  43. {{WRMS species. 433847. ''Gemmula gilchristi'' (Sowerby III, 1902). 14 April 2010
  44. {{WRMS species. 433848. ''Gemmula graeffei'' (Weinkauff, 1875). 14 April 2010
  45. {{WRMS species. 432706. ''Gemmula hastula'' (Reeve, 1843). 14 April 2010
  46. {{WRMS species. 433850. ''Gemmula hawleyi'' (Iredale, 1931). 14 April 2010
  47. {{WRMS species. 433855. ''Gemmula lisajoni'' Olivera, 1999. 14 April 2010
  48. {{WRMS species. 432702. ''Gemmula luzonica'' (Powell, 1964). 14 April 2010
  49. {{WRMS species. 433857. ''Gemmula microscelida'' (Dall, 1895). 14 April 2010
  50. {{WRMS species. 433858. ''Gemmula monilifera'' (Pease, 1860). 14 April 2010
  51. {{WRMS species. 433859. ''Gemmula murrayi'' Powell, 1964. 14 April 2010
  52. {{WRMS species. 420395. ''Gemmula periscelida'' (Dall, 1889). 14 April 2010
  53. {{WRMS species. 433860. ''Gemmula praesignis'' (Smith E. A., 1895). 14 April 2010
  54. {{WRMS species. 433861. ''Gemmula pseudogranosa'' (Nomura, 1940). 14 April 2010
  55. {{WRMS species. 433862. ''Gemmula pseudomonilifera'' Powell, 1967. 14 April 2010
  56. {{WRMS species. 433863. ''Gemmula rarimaculata'' Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971. 14 April 2010
  57. {{WRMS species. 217100. ''Gemmula rosario'' Shikama, 1977. 14 April 2010
  58. {{WRMS species. 433864. ''Gemmula rotatilis'' (Martens, 1902). 14 April 2010
  59. {{WRMS species. 433868. ''Gemmula sogodensis'' Olivera, 2004. 14 April 2010
  60. {{WRMS species. 433869. ''Gemmula speciosa'' (Reeve, 1842). 14 April 2010
  61. {{WRMS species. 433870. ''Gemmula subfenestrata'' Kosuge, 1990. 14 April 2010
  62. {{WRMS species. 435256. ''Gemmula teschi'' (Powell, 1964). 14 April 2010
  63. {{WRMS species. 433871. ''Gemmula tessellata'' Powell, 1967. 14 April 2010
  64. {{WRMS species. 217102. ''Gemmula thielei'' Finlay H. J., 1930. 14 April 2010
  65. {{WRMS species. 432705. ''Gemmula truncata'' (Schepman, 1913). 14 April 2010
  66. {{WRMS species. 432707. ''Gemmula unedo'' (Kiener, 1840). 14 April 2010
  67. {{WRMS species. 433873. ''Gemmula westaustralis'' Kosuge, 1990. 14 April 2010

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