Gagea

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title: "Gagea" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["gagea", "liliaceae-genera"] description: "Genus of flowering plants in the lily family Liliaceae" topic_path: "general/gagea" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagea" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of flowering plants in the lily family Liliaceae ::

| image = Gagea_whole_plant.jpg | image_caption = Gagea lutea | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Gagea | authority = Salisb. | synonyms_ref = | synonyms =

• Upoxis Adans.
• Rhabdocrinum Rchb.
• Ornithoxanthum Link
• Lloydia Salisb. ex Rchb. 1830 not Delile 1844 (Poaceae)
• Nectarobothrium Ledeb.
• Cronyxium Raf.
• Hemierium Raf.
• Hornungia Bernh. [1840], illegitimate homonym not Rchb. [1837] (Brassicaceae)
• Reggeria Raf.
• Bulbillaria Zucc.
• Plecostigma Turcz.
• Boissiera Haens. ex Willk. [1846], illegitimate homonym not Hochst. ex Steud. [1840] (syn of Bromus in Poaceae) nor Hochst. ex Griseb. [1852] (Poaceae)
• Solenarium Dulac
• Szechenyia Kanitz
• Giraldiella Dammer ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Gagea_close-up.jpg" caption="Flowers of ''Gagea lutea''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Gagea_minima_flower_-_Keila.jpg" caption="''[[Gagea minima]]'' (least gagea)"] ::

Gagea is a large genus of spring flowers in the lily family. It is found primarily in Eurasia with a few species extending into North Africa and one species (Gagea serotina) in North America.

The genus is named after the English naturalist Sir Thomas Gage (1781–1820). They were originally described as species of Ornithogalum, which, together with the usual yellow colour of the flowers, explains the English name yellow star-of-Bethlehem for the common European species, Gagea lutea.

Species

, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families recognizes over 200 species, including those previously assigned to Lloydia.

• Gagea afghanica A.Terracc. – Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia
• Gagea aipetriensis Levichev – Crimea
• Gagea alashanica Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
• Gagea alberti Regel – Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea alexeenkoana Miscz. – Turkey, Iran, Caucasus
• Gagea alexejana Kamelin ex Levichev – Tajikistan
• Gagea alexii Ali & Levichev – Tajikistan, Iran, Pakistan
• Gagea algeriensis (Chabert) Chabert ex Batt. – Spain, Morocco, Algeria
• Gagea alii Levichev – Pakistan
• Gagea altaica Schischk. & Sumnev. – Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Siberia
• Gagea amblyopetala Boiss. & Heldr. – southeastern Europe
• Gagea ancestralis Levichev – Altay Krai
• Gagea angelae Levichev & Schnittler – Xinjiang
• Gagea angrenica Levichev – Tajikistan
• Gagea anisopoda Popov – Turkmenistan
• Gagea artemczukii Krasnova – Ukraine, Russia (incl Crimea, North Caucasus)
• Gagea azutavica Kotukhov – Altay Krai
• Gagea baluchistanica Levichev & Ali – Pakistan
• Gagea baschkyzylsaica Levichev – Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
• Gagea bashoensis Ali – Pakistan, Kashmir
• Gagea bergii Litv. – Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan
• Gagea bezengiensis Levichev – North Caucasus
• Gagea bithynica Pascher – Turkey
• Gagea bohemica (Zauschn.) Schult. & Schult.f. (syn. G. fistulosa) – Early star-of-Bethlehem, Radnor lily – Europe, Mediterranean
• Gagea bornmuelleriana Pascher – Iran
• Gagea bowes-lyonii Levichev – Pakistan, Kashmir
• Gagea brevistolonifera Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea bulbifera (Pall.) Salisb. – Eurasia from Romania to Xinjiang
• Gagea caelestis Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea calantha Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea calcicola Zarrei & Wilkin – Iran
• Gagea calyptrifolia Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea capillifolia Vved. – Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia
• Gagea capusii A.Terracc. – Afghanistan, Central Asia
• Gagea caroli-kochii Grossh. – Iran, South Caucasus
• Gagea chabertii A.Terracc. – Algeria, Tunisia
• Gagea chanae Grossh. – Iran, Turkey, Caucasus
• Gagea charadzeae Davlian. – Caucasus
• Gagea chinensis Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
• Gagea chitralensis S.Dasgupta & D.B.Deb – Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan
• Gagea chlorantha (M.Bieb.) Schult. & Schult.f. – Middle East, Turkmenistan, Caucasus
• Gagea chloroneura Rech.f. – Afghanistan
• Gagea chomutovae (Pascher) Pascher – Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia
• Gagea chrysantha (Jan) Schult. & Schult.f. – Italy incl Sicily
• Gagea circumplexa Vved. – Middle East, Central Asia
• Gagea commutata K.Koch – Caucasus, Iran
• Gagea confusa A.Terracc. – Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Caucasus, Turkmenistan
• Gagea cuneata Levichev & Murtaz. – North Caucasus
• Gagea czatkalica Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea daghestanica Levichev & Murtaz. – North Caucasus
• Gagea daqingshanensis L.Q.Zhao & Jie Yang – Inner Mongolia
• Gagea davlianidzeae Levichev Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea dayana Chodat & Beauverd – Middle East
• Gagea delicatula Vved. – Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
• Gagea deserticola Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea divaricata Regel – Xinjiang, Central Asia
• Gagea drummondii Levichev & Ali – Pakistan, Kashmir
• Gagea dschungarica Regel – Xinjiang, Central Asia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran
• Gagea dubia A.Terracc. – Mediterranean, Iran
• Gagea durieui Parl. ex Trab. – Morocco, Algeria, Spain incl Balearic Islands
• Gagea eleonorae Levichev – Turkey, Caucasus
• Gagea elliptica (A.Terracc.) Prain – Spain, Portugal, Morocco
• Gagea exilis Vved. – Iran, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
• Gagea extremadurensis M.Gut. & F.M.Vázquez – Spain
• Gagea fedtschenkoana Pascher – Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Siberia
• Gagea ferganica Levichev – Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
• Gagea fibrosa (Desf.) Schult. & Schult.f. – North Africa
• Gagea filiformis (Ledeb.) Kar. & Kir. – Altay Krai, Central Asia, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Pakistan
• Gagea flavonutans (H.Hara) Zarrei & Wilkin – Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam
• Gagea foliosa (C.Presl) Schult. & Schult.f. – France, Italy, Algeria
• Gagea gageoides (Zucc.) Vved. – Caucasus, Middle East, Central Asia
• Gagea germainae Grossh. – Caucasus
• Gagea glacialis K.Koch – Caucasus, Turkey
• Gagea glaucescens Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea goljakovii Levichev – Altay Krai
• Gagea gracillima Pamp. – Kashmir
• Gagea graeca (L.) Irmsch. – Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Israel
• Gagea graminifolia Vved. – Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia
• Gagea granatellii (Parl.) Parl. – Mediterranean, Black Sea regions
• Gagea granulosa Turcz. – Russia, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, Mongolia
• Gagea grey-wilsonii Rech.f. – Iran
• Gagea gymnopoda Vved. – Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
• Gagea gypsacea Levichev – Tajikistan
• Gagea helenae Grossh. – Turkey, Caucasus
• Gagea hiensis Pascher – Russia, China, Korea, Mongolia
• Gagea hissarica Lipsky – Afghanistan, Central Asia
• Gagea humicola Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea huochengensis Levichev – Xinjiang
• Gagea ignota Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea incrustata Vved. – Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
• Gagea intercedens Pascher – Iran
• Gagea iranica Zarrei & Zarre – Iran
• Gagea jaeschkei Pascher – Xinjiang, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Western Himalayas
• Gagea japonica Pascher – Japan
• Gagea jensii Levichev & Schnittler – Xinjiang
• Gagea jispensis Ali & Levichev – Western Himalayas
• Gagea joannis Grossh. – Turkey, Caucasus
• Gagea juliae Pascher – Turkey, Cyprus
• Gagea kamelinii Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea kneissea J.Thiébaut – Syria
• Gagea kopetdagensis Vved. – Turkmenistan
• Gagea kunawurensis (Royle) Greuter – central + southwest Asia
• Gagea kuraiensis Levichev – Altay Krai
• Gagea kuraminica Levichev – Tajikiistan
• Gagea lacaitae A.Terracc. – France, Spain, Italy, Algeria, Morocco
• Gagea leosii Ali & Levichev – Western Himalayas
• Gagea libanotica (Hochst.) Greuter. – Syria, Lebanon, Israel
• Gagea liotardii (Sternb.) Schult. & Schult.f. – Eurasia from Spain to Mongolia
• Gagea lojaconoi Peruzzi – Sicily, Sardinia, Turkey
• Gagea longiscapa Grossh. – Siberia, Prinorye
• Gagea ludmilae Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea lusitanica A.Terracc. – Spain, Portugal
• Gagea lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. – Yellow Star-of-Bethlehem – Eurasia from Spain to Japan
• Gagea luteoides Stapf – Caucasus, Middle East
• Gagea maeotica Artemczuk – Ukraine, Russia incl North Caucasus
• Gagea marchica Henker – Germany
• Gagea mauritanica Durieu – France, Italy, Balearic Islands, Algeria
• Gagea menitskyi Levichev – Iran, South Caucasus
• Gagea mergalahensis Ali & Levichev – Western Himalayas, Pakistan
• Gagea michaelis Golosk. – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea micrantha (Boiss.) Pascher – Lebanon, Syria
• Gagea minima (L.) Ker Gawl. – Europe, Caucasus
• Gagea minutiflora Regel – Central Asia
• Gagea minutissima Vved. – Tajikiistan
• Gagea multipedunculifera Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea nabievii Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea nakaiana Kitag. – eastern + central Asia, Himalayas
• Gagea neopopovii Golosk. – Kazakhstan, Xinjiang
• Gagea nevadensis Boiss. – Spain, Morocco
• Gagea noltiei Peruzzi. syn Lloydia delicatula – Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan
• Gagea novoascanica Klokov – Ukraine
• Gagea olgae Regel – Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Central Asia, Xinjiang
• Gagea paedophila Vved. – Tajikiistan, Afghanistan
• Gagea pakistanica Levichev & Ali – Western Himalayas, Pakistan
• Gagea paniculata Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea pauciflora (Turcz. ex Trautv.) Ledeb. – Asiatic Russia, China, Mongolia
• Gagea pedata Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea peduncularis (C.Presl) Pascher – Mediterranean
• Gagea podolica Schult. & Schult.f. – Russia, Ukraine
• Gagea polymorpha Boiss. – Spain
• Gagea popovii Vved. – Central Asia
• Gagea praemixta Vved. – Uzbekistan
• Gagea pratensis (Pers.) Dumort. – Meadow gagea – Europe, Morocco, Turkey
• Gagea pseudominutiflora Levichev – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea punjabica Levichev & Ali – Western Himalayas, Pakistan
• Gagea pusilla (F.W.Schmidt) Sweet – Europe, Kazakhstan
• Gagea quasitenuifolia Levichev – Caucasus, Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan
• Gagea quettica Levichev & Ali – Pakistan
• Gagea ramulosa A.Terracc. – eastern Mediterranean, Black Sea region
• Gagea rawalpindica Levichev & Ali – Pakistan
• Gagea reinhardii Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea reticulata (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f. SE Europe, N Africa, SW Asia
• Gagea reverchonii Degen – Spain
• Gagea rigida Boiss. & Spruner – Middle East, eastern Mediterranean
• Gagea robusta Zarrei & Wilkin – Iran, Afghanistan
• Gagea rubicunda Meinsh. – Russia, Baltic Republics
• Gagea rubinae Ali – Pakistan
• Gagea rufidula Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea rupicola Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea sarmentosa K.Koch – Caucasus, Iran
• Gagea sarysuensis Murz. – Kazakhstan
• Gagea schachimardanica Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea schugnanica Levichev & Navruzsh. – Tajikistan
• Gagea scythica Artemczuk – Russia, Ukraine
• Gagea serotina (L.) Ker Gawl. – Arctic + Subarctic Eurasia + North America
• Gagea setifolia Baker – Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Himalayas, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan
• Gagea shmakoviana Levichev – Altay Krai
• Gagea sicula Lojac. – Sicily
• Gagea siphonantha Rech.f. – Afghanistan
• Gagea sivasica Hamzaoglu – Turkey
• Gagea soleirolii F.W.Schultz – Spain, France, Portugal, Sardinia
• Gagea spathacea (Hayne) Salisb. – Europe
• Gagea spumosa Levichev – Pakistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea staintonii Rech.f. – Afghanistan, Pakistan
• Gagea stepposa L.Z.Shue – Xinjiang
• Gagea subtilis Vved. – Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
• Gagea subtrigona J.-M.Tison – Spain, Morocco
• Gagea sulfurea Miscz. – Turkey, Caucasus
• Gagea tadshikistanica Levichev – Tajikistan
• Gagea takhtajanii Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea talassica Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea taschkentica Levichev – Uzbekistan
• Gagea taurica Steven – Crimea, North Caucasus
• Gagea tenera Pascher – central + southwest Asia, Xinjiang, Himalayas
• Gagea tenuissima Miscz. – Caucasus, Turkey
• Gagea tesquicola Krasnova – Ukraine
• Gagea tisoniana Peruzzi – Italy
• Gagea toktogulii Levichev – Kyrgyzstan
• Gagea toppinii S.Dasgupta & D.B.Deb – Pakistan
• Gagea transversalis (Pall.) Steven – eastern Europe
• Gagea triflora (Ledeb.) Schult. & Schult.f. – Russian Far East, Korea, Japan, northeastern China
• Gagea trinervia (Viv.) Greuter – Sicily, Libya
• Gagea turanica Levichev – South Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
• Gagea ucrainica Klokov – Ukraine, Russia, Xinjiang, Mongolia
• Gagea ugamica Pavlov – Kazakhstan
• Gagea ulazsaica Levichev – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
• Gagea uliginosa Siehe & Pascher – Iran, Iraq, Turkey
• Gagea utriculosa Levichev – Himachal Pradesh
• Gagea vaginata Pascher – Kuril Islands, Hokkaido
• Gagea vegeta Vved. – Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Caucasus
• Gagea villosa (M.Bieb.) Sweet – Field Gagea – Europe, Mediterranean, Middle East
• Gagea villosula Vved. – Tajikistan
• Gagea vvedenskyi Grossh. – Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan
• Gagea wallichii Levichev & Ali – Western Himalaya
• Gagea wendelboi Rech.f. – Iran
• Gagea xiphoidea Levichev – Altay Krai

References

Bibliography

References

1. Salisbury, Richard Anthony. 1806" ''Annals of Botany'' 2: 555
2. (2007). "Systematic revision of the genus Gagea Salisb. (Liliaceae) in Iran". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
3. Tison, J.M. (2009). An update of the genus ''Gagea'' Salisb. (Liliaceae) in the Iberian peninsula. Lagascalia 29: 7-22
4. [http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/flora.php?genere=Gagea Altervista Flora Italiana, genere ''Gagea'']
5. [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=113125 Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 117 顶冰花属 ding bing hua shu ''Gagea'' Salisbury, Ann. Bot. (Oxford). 2: 555. 1806. ]
6. [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=118768 Flora of China, Vol. 24 Page 121 洼瓣花属 wa ban hua shu ''Lloydia'' Reichenbach, Fl. Germ. Excurs. 102. 1830. ]
7. (1980). "Flora Europaea". Cambridge University Press.
8. "''Lloydia''". [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]].
9. "''Gagea''". [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]].

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