Fushun

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title: "Fushun" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["fushun", "cities-in-liaoning", "prefecture-level-divisions-of-liaoning"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fushun" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

Field	Value
	name
native_name	抚顺市
native_name_lang	zh-Hans
settlement_type	Prefecture-level city
total_type
motto
image_skyline	{{multiple image
border	infobox
total_width	290
image_style	border:1;
perrow	1/2/2/2
image1	Xinhua Bridge.jpg
caption1	Fushun City Skyline
image2	Downtown Fushun 1.jpg
caption2	Downtown Fushun
image3	高尔山塔院.jpg
caption3	Pagoda Courtyard in Gaoshan Scenic Area
image4	抚顺生命之环 9.jpg
caption4	Shenfu New District Ring of Life
image5	Lei Feng Road 3.jpg
caption5	Lei Feng Road
image6	抚顺顺城万达广场 1.jpg
caption6	Fushun Shuncheng Wanda Plaza
image7	月牙岛生态公园 2.jpg
caption7	Crescent Island Ecological Park
image_caption	Fushun Skyline
mapframe	yes
mapframe-zoom	7
mapframe-point	none
map_caption	Fushun administrative area in Liaoning
pushpin_map	Liaoning
pushpin_map_caption	Location of the city center in Liaoning
pushpin_mapsize
subdivision_type	Country
subdivision_name	People's Republic of China
subdivision_type1	Province
subdivision_name1	Liaoning
subdivision_name2
seat_type	Municipal seat
parts_type	Districts and counties
parts_style	coll
parts
p1	Shuncheng District
p2	Xinfu District
p3	Dongzhou District
p4	Wanghua District
p5	Fushun County
p6	Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County
p7	Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County
leader_title	CPC Fushun
leader_name	Committee Secretary
leader_title1	Mayor
established_title
established_date
unit_pref
area_total_km2	11272
area_metro_km2	4222.2
area_urban_km2	714
	elevation_footnotes
elevation_min_m
population_as_of	2020 census
population_footnotes
population_total	1,854,372
population_density_km2	auto
population_density_urban_km2	auto
population_density_metro_km2	auto
population_metro	8,192,848
population_urban	1,322,098
demographics_type2	GDP
demographics2_title1	Prefecture-level city
demographics2_info1	CN¥ 95.5 billion
US$ 13.8 billion
demographics2_title2	Per capita
demographics2_info2	CN¥ 58,555
US$ 9,401
	timezone
utc_offset	+8
coordinates
coor_pinpoint	Fushun municipal government
	postal_code_type
postal_code	113000
area_code	24
blank_name	Licence plates
blank_info	辽D
blank1_name	Administrative division code
blank1_info	210400
iso_code	CN-LN-04
website	www.fushun.gov.cn
www.fsgs.gov.cn
::

| name = Fushun | official_name = | native_name = 抚顺市 | native_name_lang = zh-Hans | nickname = | other_name = | settlement_type = Prefecture-level city | total_type = | motto = | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 290 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | image1 = Xinhua Bridge.jpg | caption1 = Fushun City Skyline | image2 = Downtown Fushun 1.jpg | caption2 = Downtown Fushun | image3 = 高尔山塔院.jpg | caption3 = Pagoda Courtyard in Gaoshan Scenic Area | image4 = 抚顺生命之环 9.jpg | caption4 = Shenfu New District Ring of Life | image5 = Lei Feng Road 3.jpg | caption5 = Lei Feng Road | image6 = 抚顺顺城万达广场 1.jpg | caption6 = Fushun Shuncheng Wanda Plaza | image7 = 月牙岛生态公园 2.jpg | caption7 = Crescent Island Ecological Park | image_caption = Fushun Skyline | image_flag = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 7 | mapframe-point = none | map_caption = Fushun administrative area in Liaoning | pushpin_map = Liaoning | pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city center in Liaoning | pushpin_mapsize = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = People's Republic of China | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Liaoning | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | seat_type = Municipal seat | seat = | parts_type = Districts and counties | parts_style = coll | parts = | p1 = Shuncheng District | p2 = Xinfu District | p3 = Dongzhou District | p4 = Wanghua District | p5 = Fushun County | p6 = Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County | p7 = Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = CPC Fushun | leader_name = Committee Secretary | leader_title1 = Mayor | leader_name1 = | established_title = | established_date = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 11272 | area_metro_km2 = 4222.2 | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = 714 | elevation_footnotes = tags-- | elevation_m = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_m = | population_as_of = 2020 census | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 1,854,372 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_urban_km2 = auto | population_density_metro_km2 = auto | population_metro = 8,192,848 | population_urban = 1,322,098 | demographics_type2 = GDP | demographics2_title1 = Prefecture-level city | demographics2_info1 = CN¥ 95.5 billion US$ 13.8 billion | demographics2_title2 = Per capita | demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 58,555 US$ 9,401 | timezone = China Standard | utc_offset = +8 | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = Fushun municipal government | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 113000 | area_code = 24 | blank_name = Licence plates | blank_info = 辽D | blank1_name = Administrative division code | blank1_info = 210400 | iso_code = CN-LN-04 | website = www.fushun.gov.cn www.fsgs.gov.cn | footnotes =

Fushun is a prefecture level city in Liaoning province, China, about 45 km east of Shenyang, with a total area of 11,272 km2, 714 km2 of which is the city proper. Situated on the Hun River ("muddy river"), it is one of the industrial and economic development hubs in Liaoning.

History

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/View_of_Fushun_circa_1940.JPG" caption="Fushun Industrial Area in 1940"] ::

The Ming first constructed Fushun walled city in 1384 after the division of the Yuan dynasty. "Fushun" is an abbreviation of the Chinese saying "to pacify the frontiers; to guide the Yi foreigners" (撫綏邊疆，順導夷民).

The Jurchen (Manchu) leader Nurhachi married his granddaughter by his son Abatai to the Ming dynasty General Li Yongfang after Li surrendered Fushun in 1618 and defected to the Qing. One of Li Yongfang's descendants was sentenced to death by the Qianlong emperor, but his life was spared when he helped suppress the Lin Shuangwen rebellion.

Fushun was in ruins in the one-and-a-half centuries of early Qing. In 1783, the new walled city was completed southwest of the old city. In 1908, Fushun became the seat of Xingren County (, later renamed to Fushun County). Fushun was occupied by Russia until 1905 and by Japan until 1945. With the Japanese victory over Imperial Russia and signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth, the South Manchuria branch (from Changchun to Lüshun) of the China Far East Railway was transferred to Japanese control. South Manchuria Railway Company quickly expanded the system inherited from Russia to staggering proportions. Coal mines were developed at Fushun. Under the control of the Japanese and with 30 years of development, Fushun area became highly industrialized. Fushun gained city status in 1937.

Population

As of the 2020 census, Fushun has a total population of 1,854,372 people, whom 8,192,848 lived in the built-up (or metro) area encompassing 8 out of 10 Shenyang urban districts (all but Shenbei Xin and Liaozhong not being conurbated yet) and the 4 Fushun urban districts. This makes Shenyang-Fushun the 8th most populous built up area in China after the Pearl River Delta conurbation of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan, Jiangmen, Zhongshan and Huizhou, then Shanghai-Suzhou, Beijing, Tianjin, Hangzhou-Shaoxing, Wuhan and Nanjing.

Administrative divisions

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Shenyang-Fushun_urban_agglomeration,_LandSat-5,_2010-09-29.jpg" caption="Satellite image of Shenyang-Fushun urban agglomeration
(larger western part is Shenyang, eastern part is Fushun), [[Landsat 5]], 2010-09-29."] ::

Fushun consists of 4 districts, 1 county and 2 autonomous counties.

::data[format=table]

Map	#	Name	Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2003 est.)	Area (km2)

1	Shuncheng District	顺城区	zh	472,920	379	1,248
2	Xinfu District	新抚区	zh	252,631	110	2,297
3	Dongzhou District	东洲区	zh	320,949	610	526
4	Wanghua District	望花区	zh	384,514	317	1,213
5	Fushun County	抚顺县	zh	162,588	1,647	99
6	Xinbin Manchu
Autonomous County	新宾满族自治县	zh	254,118	4,288	59
7	Qingyuan Manchu
Autonomous County	清原满族自治县	zh	290,370	3,924	74
::

Climate

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/1963-11_1963_抚顺石油厂.jpg" caption="Fushun Oil Factory in 1963"] ::

Fushun is a highly industrialized area and nicknamed "the City of Coal". It has developed as a thriving center for fuel, power and raw materials and is also offering more and more opportunities in textiles and electronics. One of the world's largest open-pit coal mines, the West Open Mine, is located south of the city. Exploited from the 12th century, it was operated as an open pit mine during the 20th and early 21st centuries; however, as of 2015, the West Open pit, 1,000 feet deep, with an area of 4.2 square miles, was exhausted and unstable. Total coal production in Fushun as a whole had fallen below 3 million tons, down from 18.3 million tons in 1962. Fushun has a major aluminum-reduction plant and factories producing automobiles, machinery, chemicals, cement, and rubber.

The total GDP of the city of Fushun was 54.27 billion yuan in 2009 (ranked 4th out of the 58 cities and counties in Liaoning province). The GDP per capita of the city of Fushun was 40391 yuan in 2009 (ranked 21st out of all 58 cities and counties in Liaoning province).{{cite book | title = Liaoning Statistical Yearbook | publisher = [] | year = 2009

Resources

Fushun is rich in wood, coal, oil shale, iron, copper, magnesium, gold, marble, titanium, and marl resources.

Fushun is known as "the capital of coal". The main coal and oil shale company is Fushun Mining Group, which produced about 6 million tons of coal in 2001, mainly blending coking coal and steam coal. | last1 =Qian | first1 =Jialin | last2 =Wang | first2 =Jianqiu | last3 =Li | first3 =Shuyuan | title =Oil Shale Development in China | journal =Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal | publisher = Estonian Academy Publishers | volume =20 | issue =3 | pages =356–359 | year =2003 | doi =10.3176/oil.2003.3S.08 | s2cid =130553387 | url=http://www.kirj.ee/public/oilshale/9_qian_2003_3s.pdf | access-date =2008-12-14}} |title=Investment Opportunities in Coal Mine Methane Projects in Fushun Mining Area |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |date=October 2001 |url=http://www.epa.gov/cmop/docs/chinaprofile3.pdf |access-date=2008-12-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022174631/http://www.epa.gov/cmop/docs/chinaprofile3.pdf |archive-date=2012-10-22 The company also has coalbed methane resources of around 8.9 billion cubic meters. In addition, it owns geological reserves of high grade oil shale, about 3.5 billion tons, of which the exploitable reserve is 920 million tons.

Industrial development

Hydroelectric and thermal power are important locally available energy sources.

Fushun has developed through the utilization of the abundant natural mineral deposits found in the area and is a nationally important heavy industrial base for petroleum, chemical, metallurgy machinery and construction material industries. New sectors also becoming prominent are electronics, light industry, weaving and spinning.

In 1928, the commercial-scale production of shale oil began in Fushun with the construction of Fushun Coal Mine Temporary Oil Plant () of South Manchurian Railway, aka the Western Refinery (), operating Fushun-type retorts. |title = Shale oil: Perspective with China focus |publisher = Intelligence Dynamics |url = http://www.accelenergy.com/downloads/Shale_Oil_in_China.pdf |date = 2007-03-07 |access-date = 2008-12-14 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714215802/http://www.accelenergy.com/downloads/Shale_Oil_in_China.pdf |archive-date = July 14, 2014 After World War II, shale oil production ceased, but 100 Fushun-type oil shale retorts and the related shale oil processing units were restored in 1949. | last =Qian | first =Jialin | author2=Wang Jianqiu |author3=Li Shuyuan | title =Oil Shale Activity in China | publisher = 26th Oil Shale Symposium; Colorado School of Mines | url= http://www.ceri-mines.org/A02c-JialinQianpaper.pdf.pdf | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110725153401/http://www.ceri-mines.org/A02c-JialinQianpaper.pdf.pdf | url-status= usurped | archive-date= July 25, 2011 | year = 2006 | access-date =2008-12-14}} In 1950, a total of 266 retorts were in operation, each with a capacity of 100-200 t of shale oil per day. In 1954, "Refinery No. 2" began production and in 1959 maximum annual shale oil production increased to 780,000 t.

From 1965 oil shale usage in Fushun started to decline with the discovery of Da Qing oil field in the 1960s. Sinopec, a shale oil producer during those times, shut down its oil shale operations in the beginning of the 1990s. At the same time, the Fushun Oil Shale Retorting Plant was established as a part of the Fushun Mining Group. It started production in 1992. In the same year, the China National Oil Shale Association was established in Fushun.

There are also two oil refineries. Fushun Petrochemical Company, a subsidiary of PetroChina, is building a refining and petrochemical complex in Fushun. | title = PetroChina Fushun Petrochemical Company, China | publisher = SPG Media Limited | url = http://www.chemicals-technology.com/projects/petrochina/ | access-date = 2008-12-14}}

Transportation

Fushun is located 40 km from Shenyang Taoxian airport. Railways and highways connect the city to Shenyang and Jilin Province. The seaports of Dalian and Yingkou are also nearby, 400 and away respectively, with good railway and highway connections.

Education

The highest-ranked institution of higher education is the Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, ranked 123rd in China overall. Fushun No.1 High School and Fushun No.2 High School are major high schools in Fushun.

The 44 middle school is located in the second street, Xin Fu District. Location is close to Fushun's CBD. Transport is very convenient. All students come from this community. Because of the population's decline in current years there are not many students compared to 10 years ago. There were over 1000 students in the 1990s, while now around 200 students. Although the number of students has dropped, the quality of education, the advanced learning facilities and modern school are still evident. There are indoors gymnasium, big dance and musical instrument rooms. The play yard is all about synthetic surface track. The 44 middle school is actually changed in term of their learning and teaching's facilities, equipment and school's building. It represents new outlooks regarding middle-level education in a third-line city in China.

Tourism

Fushun has high mountains and thick woods. Houshi National Forest Park, about 55 km from downtown Fushun, is rated by the central government as an AAAA tourist attraction. Saer Hu Scenic Area covers some 268 km2. It includes the 110 km2 Dahuofang Reservoir, the largest man-made lake in northeast China.

There are a number of historic and cultural sites. Fushun's success in applying for two UNESCO World Heritage sites is expected to attract more tourists. They include a site known as Xingjing City, the origin of the Qing Dynasty, which is within today's Fushun. It was the first capital of the Late Jin dynasty, dating to 1616. The second site contains the Yongling tombs, where several members of the royal household are buried.

In more recent times, Fushun was where Lei Feng was stationed as a soldier and died, and a memorial museum telling his life story is a popular attraction. It is located at Wang Hua District in Fushun. It was also in Fushun that the last emperor, Puyi, was imprisoned after the end of World War II. The Fushun War Criminal Prison is converted into a museum in 1986. Another war memorial, the Pingdingshan Tragedy Memorial Hall Ruins, tells the story of a massacre of Chinese people by the Japanese in 1931. It was rebuilt and expanded in 2007. It includes a pit filled with about 800 bodies—largely infants, adults, and the elderly who were killed by the Japanese.

The Ring of Life monument opened in 2013 and features an observation deck overseeing the city. This circular tower, 515-foot (approximately 157 meters) tall, cost over $15 million to build. It is covered with 12,000 LED lights.

Sports

The city used to be home of the Chinese Super League (soccer) team of Liaoning FC at Leifeng Stadium. However, when the team could not afford the rent at Leifeng Stadium it moved to Beijing, where it now plays out of Chaolai Soccer Base.

Notable figures

Nurhachi, the first Manchu ruler, was born in today's Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County.
Lei Feng, who was a soldier enshrined in new China history after 1949, died in this city. There is a memorial park named after him in Fushun's Wanghua District.
Yoshiko Yamaguchi was a famous Fushun-born ethnic Japanese singer and movie star in China during the 1930s and 1940s.
Wang Nan, famous table-tennis sportswoman, who has won many gold medals around the world.
Puyi, the last Emperor of China, spent ten years in the Fushun War Criminal Prison.
Liu Ce, sanda fighter and professional kickboxer, K-1 Cruiserweight champion and K-1 30th Anniversary Openweight Grand Prix Winner.
Dong Yuyu, a journalist arrested by Chinese authorities in 2022 on charges of espionage, was born in Fushun in 1962.

Sister cities

International

Philippines Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

References

"China: Liáoníng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
辽宁省统计局、国家统计局辽宁调查总队. (October 2016). "《辽宁统计年鉴－2016》". [[China Statistics Press]].
Walthall, Anne. (2008). "Servants of the Dynasty: Palace Women in World History". University of California Press.
Wakeman, Frederic. (1977). "Fall of Imperial China". Simon & Schuster.
Swope, Kenneth M. (2014). "The Military Collapse of China's Ming Dynasty, 1618-44". Routledge.
"李永芳将军的简介李永芳的后代-历史趣闻网".
"曹德全：首个投降后金的明将李永芳_[历史人物]_抚顺七千年-Wap版".
"第一个投降满清的明朝将领李永芳结局如何？".
Evelyn S. Rawski. (15 November 1998). "The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions". University of California Press.
link. [[China Meteorological Administration]]
(October 6, 2015). "Coal, Which Built a Chinese City, Now Threatens to Bury It". The New York Times.
(2012-11-17). "The Ring of Life: 500-foot steel ring built in Chinese city of Fushun | BelleNews.com, Latest News". Bellenews.com.
(2012-11-13). "'Ring of Life' Lights Up Fushun". English.cri.cn.
Wong, Chun Han. "China Accuses Newspaper Editor of Espionage After Meeting With Diplomat".
"Overview of China-Philippines Bilateral Relations".

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