Fornax Cluster

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Galaxy cluster in the constellation Fornax

title: "Fornax Cluster" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["fornax-cluster", "fornax", "abell-objects", "southern-supercluster"] description: "Galaxy cluster in the constellation Fornax" topic_path: "general/fornax-cluster" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornax_Cluster" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Galaxy cluster in the constellation Fornax ::

|name = Fornax Cluster |image = [[Image:VST image of the Fornax Galaxy Cluster.jpg|300px]] |caption = VLT Survey Telescope image of the Fornax Galaxy Cluster |epoch = J2000 | mass = |ra = 3h 38m{{cite web |title=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database |work=Results for Fornax Cluster |url=http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/ |access-date=2006-10-08}} |dec = −35° 27 |constellation = Fornax & Eridanus |member_no = 58 |brightest_member = NGC 1316 |other_names = NGC 1399 Group, Abell S0373 or AGC 3733, G53, LGG 96

The Fornax Cluster is a cluster of galaxies lying at a distance of 19 megaparsecs (62 million light-years).{{Cite journal | last1 = Jordán | first1 = A. | last2 = Blakeslee | first2 = J. P. | last3 = Côté | first3 = P. | last4 = Ferrarese | first4 = L. | last5 = Infante | first5 = L. | last6 = Mei | first6 = S. | last7 = Merritt | first7 = D. | author7-link = David Merritt | last8 = Peng | first8 = E. W. | last9 = Tonry | first9 = J. | last10 = West | first10 = Michael J. | date = June 2006 | journal =The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series | volume = 452 | issue = 1 | pages = 141–153 | title = The ACS Fornax Cluster Survey. I. Introduction to the Survey and Data Reduction Procedures | bibcode = 2007ApJS..169..213J | doi = 10.1086/512778 |arxiv = astro-ph/0702320 | s2cid = 17845709 | display-authors = 8

The Fornax Cluster is a particularly valuable source of information about the evolution of such clusters due to its relatively close proximity to the Sun. It also shows the gravitational effects of a merger of a galaxy subgroup with the main galaxy group,{{cite web |title=Hubble Heritage Project |work=Dwarf Irregulars and Galaxy Clusters |url=http://heritage.stsci.edu/2005/09/supplemental.html |access-date=2006-12-07}} which in turn lends clues about the associated galactic superstructure.{{cite web |title=Chandra X-Ray Observatory |work= Fornax Cluster: Motions of Nearby Galaxy Cluster Reveal Presence of Hidden Superstructure |url=http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2004/fornax/ |access-date=2006-12-07}} At the centre of the cluster lies NGC 1399. Other cluster members include NGC 1316 (the group's brightest galaxy), NGC 1365, NGC 1427A, NGC 1427 and NGC 1404.

Structure

Fornax can be divided into two subclusters: the main cluster, centered on NGC 1399, and a subgroup 3 degrees to the southwest centered on the lenticular galaxy NGC 1316 that is currently in the process of infalling with the largest subcluster to merge with it, and whose galaxies are experiencing relatively strong star formation activity. {{Cite journal |last1 = Drinkwater |first1 = Michael J. |last2 = Gregg |first2 = Michael D. |last3 = Colless |first3 = Matthew |date = February 2001 |journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume = 548 |issue = 2 |pages = L139 |title = Substructure and Dynamics of the Fornax Cluster |doi = 10.1086/319113 |arxiv=astro-ph/0012415 |bibcode = 2001ApJ...548L.139D |s2cid = 13456590

Intracluster medium

As with many other galaxy clusters, Fornax intracluster medium is filled with a hot, rarefied gas that emits X-rays. and contains a number of intergalactic stars, some of which have produced novae.{{Cite journal |last1 = Neill |first1 = James D. |last2 = Shara |first2 = Michael M. |last3 = Oegerle |first3 = William R. |date = January 2005 |journal = The Astrophysical Journal |volume = 618 |issue = 2 |pages = 692–704 |title = Tramp Novae between Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster: Tracers of Intracluster Light |arxiv = astro-ph/0409265 |bibcode = 2005ApJ...618..692N |doi = 10.1086/426049 |s2cid = 5649912

List of cluster members

::data[format=table title="Cluster Members"] | Designation | Coordinates (Epoch J2000) | Apparent magnitude | Type | Mean Angular diameter (arcminutes) | Diameter (x1000 Light-years) | Distance (mly) | Recessional velocity (km/s) | Right Ascension | Declination | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | ESO 357-07 | 03 10.4 | −33 09 | 14.7 | SBm | 2.2 | 40 | | 981 | | | ESO 357-12 | 03 16.9 | −35 32 | 14.8 | SBcd | 2.2 | 40 | | 1445 | | | IC 1913 | 03 19.6 | −32 28 | 14.5 | SBb | 2.1 | 40 | 67 | 1318 | | | NGC 1310 | 03 21.1 | −37 06 | 13 | SBc | 1.9 | 35 | 64 | 1640 | | | LEDA 12625 | 03 22.1 | −37 35 | ? | Irr | 2.9 | 55 | | 1507 | | | NGC 1316 | 03 22.7 | −37 12 | 9.4 | (R')SAB(s)0 | 11.5 | 215 | 62 | 1664 | | | NGC 1317 | 03 22.7 | −37 06 | 11.9 | SBa | 3.0 | 55 | 70 | 1935 | | | NGC 1326 | 03 23.9 | −36 28 | 11.5 | S0 | 4.3 | 80 | 63 | 1247 | | | NGC 1326A | 03 25.1 | −36 22 | 14.7 | SBm | 1.7 | 30 | 84 | 1719 | | | NGC 1326B | 03 25.3 | −36 23 | 13.7 | SBm | 3.5 | 65 | 46 | 888 | | | IC 1919 | 03 26.0 | −32 54 | 13.9 | E | 1.6 | 30 | 61 | 1158 | | | NGC 1336 | 03 26.5 | −35 43 | 13.4 | E | 1.9 | 35 | 65 | 1360 | | | NGC 1341 | 03 28.0 | −37 09 | 13.3 | SBab | 1.6 | 30 | 86 | 1760 | | | NGC 1339 | 03 28.1 | −32 17 | 12.8 | E | 1.9 | 35 | 64 | 1240 | | | NGC 1344 | 03 28.3 | −31 04 | 11.2 | E | 5.6 | 105 | 60 | 1052 | | | ESO 358-09 | 03 28.8 | −35 11 | 14.2 | SBbc | 2.3 | 45 | | 1241 | | | ESO 358-10 | 03 29.7 | −33 33 | 14.8 | E | 1.5 | 30 | | 1620 | | | NGC 1351 | 03 30.6 | −34 51 | 12.4 | E-S0 | 3.2 | 60 | 69 | 1420 | | | NGC 1350* | 03 31.1 | −33 38 | 11.2 | Sa(r) | 5.8 | 130 | 87 | 1905 | | | NGC 1365 | 03 33.6 | −36 08 | 10.3 | (R')SBb(s)b | 11.0 | 205 | 56 | 1636 | | | NGC 1366 | 03 33.9 | −31 12 | 13.1 | S0 | 1.9 | 35 | 56 | 1137 | | | NGC 1374 | 03 35.3 | −35 14 | 11.0 | E | 2.7 | 50 | 59 | 1240 | | | NGC 1375* | 03 35.3 | −35 16 | 12.2 | SB0 pec | 2.1 | 23 | 28 | 643 | | | IC 335 | 03 35.5 | −34 27 | 13.4 | S0 | 2.3 | 45 | 60 | 1530 | | | NGC 1379 | 03 36.1 | −35 26 | 11.9 | E | 2.6 | 50 | 60 | 1264 | | | NGC 1380 | 03 36.5 | −34 59 | 9.9 | S0 | 4.8 | 85 | 60 | 1737 | | | NGC 1381 | 03 36.5 | −35 18 | 11.5 | S0 | 2.6 | 55 | 60 | 1673 | | | NGC 1369 | 03 36.8 | −36 15 | 13.6 | Sa | 1.7 | 30 | 65 | 1340 | | | NGC 1386 | 03 36.8 | −36 00 | 11.2 | (R)SA(r)0/a | 3.4 | 65 | 53 | 868 | | | NGC 1380A | 03 36.8 | −34 44 | 13.4 | S0 | 2.5 | 45 | 72 | 1419 | | | NGC 1387 | 03 37.0 | −35 30 | 10.8 | (R')SAB(s)0 | 3.2 | 60 | 53 | 1296 | | | NGC 1382 | 03 37.1 | −35 12 | 13.8 | E | 1.5 | 30 | 80 | 1697 | | | NGC 1389 | 03 37.2 | −35 45 | 12.6 | E | 2.6 | 50 | 42 | 883 | | | NGC 1396 | 03 38.6 | −35 27 | 13.8 | E | 0.7 | 7 | 67 | 853 | | | NGC 1399 | 03 38.5 | −35 26 | 9.9 | E | 6.8 | 130 | 66 | 1335 | | | NGC 1404 | 03 38.9 | −35 36 | 10.9 | E | 4.1 | 75 | 65 | 1942 | | | NGC 1406 | 03 39.4 | −31 19 | 12.9 | SBbc | 3.9 | 75 | 50 | 963 | | | NGC 1427A | 03 40.1 | −35 38 | 13.4 | Irr | 2.1 | 40 | 52 | 2028 | | | ESO 358-50 | 03 41.1 | −33 47 | 13.9 | S0 | 1.6 | 30 | | 1151 | | | ESO 358-51 | 03 41.5 | −34 53 | 14.1 | Sa | 1.5 | 30 | | 1626 | | | NGC 1425 | 03 42.2 | −29 54 | 11.4 | SA(rs)b | 6.0 | 115 | 69 | 1402 | | | NGC 1427 | 03 42.3 | −35 24 | 11.8 | E | 3.6 | 70 | 71 | 1327 | | | NGC 1428 | 03 42.4 | −35 09 | 14.0 | E | 1.5 | 30 | 75 | 1602 | | | NGC 1437A | 03 43.0 | −36 16 | 14.2 | SBd | 1.7 | 30 | 41 | 798 | | | NGC 1436 | 03 43.6 | −35 51 | 11.7 | SBab | 2.8 | 50 | 58 | 1296 | | | ESO 358-60 | 03 45.2 | −35 34 | 15.6 | Irr | 1.7 | 30 | | 710 | | | NGC 1437B | 03 45.9 | −36 22 | 14.0 | Sc | 2.5 | 45 | 69 | 1415 | | | NGC 1460 | 03 46.2 | −36 42 | 13.5 | SB0 | 1.7 | 30 | 63 | 1341 | | | PGC 13809 | 03 46.3 | −34 57 | 12.6 | Sc | 4.8 | 90 | | 1838 | | | IC 1993 | 03 47.1 | −33 42 | 12.6 | (R')SA(s)bc | 2.5 | 45 | 50 | 1057 | | | ESO 302-09 | 03 47.6 | −38 35 | 14.6 | SBd | 2.2 | 40 | | 908 | | | ESO 302-14 | 03 51.7 | −38 27 | 15.5 | Irr | 1.5 | 30 | | 798 | | | ESO 359-03 | 03 52.0 | −33 28 | 14.1 | Sab | 1.8 | 35 | | 1495 | | | NGC 1484 | 03 54.3 | −36 58 | 13.9 | Sb | 2.5 | 45 | 48 | 952 | | | IC 2006 | 03 54.3 | −35 58 | 12.5 | E | 1.9 | 35 | 65 | 1382 | | | NGC 1531 | 04 11.2 | −32 51 | 12.9 | S0 | 1.3 | 15 | 57 | 1169 | | | NGC 1532 | 04 12.1 | −32 52 | 10.7 | SBb | 12.6 | 210 | 57 | | | ::

(*) - Membership is uncertain

Gallery

NGC 1399 Hubble WikiSky.jpg|NGC 1399 galaxy by the HST; 2.76′ view.

References

"Inside the Fiery Furnace".
(2001-02-01). "Substructure and Dynamics of the Fornax Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
(30 April 2005). "Fornax Cluster: Motions of Nearby Galaxy Cluster Reveal Presence of Hidden Superstructure". NASA.

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