Fluffernutter

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Sandwich made with peanut butter and marshmallow creme

title: "Fluffernutter" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["american-sandwiches", "brand-name-confectionery", "brands-that-became-generic", "marshmallows", "cuisine-of-new-england", "peanut-butter-sandwiches", "vegetarian-sandwiches"] description: "Sandwich made with peanut butter and marshmallow creme" topic_path: "geography/united-states" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluffernutter" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Sandwich made with peanut butter and marshmallow creme ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox prepared food"]

Field	Value
name	Fluffernutter sandwich
image	Fluffernutter before (white background).jpg
image_size	200px
alternate_name	Liberty Sandwich
country	US United States
region	New England New England
Massachusetts
creator	Emma Curtis
main_ingredient	Peanut butter, marshmallow creme
calories	352
no_recipes	1
::

A fluffernutter (also called a "peanut butter and marshmallow sandwich", "peanut butter and marshmallow fluff sandwich", or "peanut butter and marshmallow stuff sandwich") is a sandwich made with peanut butter and marshmallow creme usually served on white bread. Variations of the sandwich include the substitution of wheat bread and the addition of various sweet, salty, and savory ingredients. The term fluffernutter can also be used to describe other food items, primarily desserts, that incorporate peanut butter and marshmallow creme.

The sandwich was first created in the early 20th century after marshmallow creme, a sweet marshmallow-like spread, was invented in Massachusetts. During World War I, a recipe for a peanut butter and marshmallow creme sandwich, the earliest known example of the sandwich, was published. The term "fluffernutter" was created by an advertising agency in 1960 as a more effective way to market the sandwich.

The sandwich is particularly popular in New England and has been proposed as the official state sandwich of Massachusetts. The traditional Fluffernutter can be grilled for a popular variation.

Recipe and variations

A fluffernutter is made by spreading peanut butter on a slice of bread, then spreading an equal amount of marshmallow creme on another slice and finally combining them to form a sandwich. Variations of the recipe include wheat bread instead of white, Nutella hazelnut spread instead of, or in addition to, peanut butter, and the addition of sweet ingredients like bananas or savory and salty ingredients like bacon. The Fluffernutter itself is often seen as a variation on the peanut butter and jelly sandwich. Though often seen as a food for children, the Fluffernutter recipe has been adapted to appeal to adult tastes. For example, a New York caterer serves a fluffernutter hors d'oeuvre in a toasted ice cream cone with a spoon of peanut butter and torched marshmallow creme on top.

The term fluffernutter has also been used to describe other foods that feature peanut butter and marshmallow creme, including fluffernutter cookies, bars, and cupcakes. Durkee-Mower, the company that produces Marshmallow Fluff, a brand of marshmallow creme, produces a cookbook that features recipes for fluffernutter bars, frosting, pie, and a shake. In 2006, Brigham's Ice Cream and Durkee-Mower introduced a fluffernutter flavor, which featured peanut butter and Marshmallow Fluff in vanilla ice cream. Fluffernutter was also the name of a candy briefly produced by the Boyer Brothers candy company beginning in 1969.

History

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Fluffernutter_sandwich_half.jpg" caption="Half of a fluffernutter sandwich"] ::

Marshmallow creme was invented in the early 20th century. In 1917, Archibald Query invented what he called Marshmallow Creme in Somerville, Massachusetts. Amory and Emma Curtis of Melrose, Massachusetts, invented Snowflake Marshmallow Creme in 1913.

Meanwhile, sugar shortages during World War I hurt sales of Archibald Query's Marshmallow Creme, so Query sold his recipe in 1920 to two men from Swampscott, Massachusetts, H. Allen Durkee and Fred L. Mower, who began distributing the product through their company, Durkee-Mower Inc. The sandwich made with peanut butter and marshmallow creme continued to be eaten, but was not called a fluffernutter until 1960, when an advertising firm Durkee-Mower hired created the term as a more effective way to market the sandwich.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Rice_cracker,_peanut_butter,_and_marshmallow_fluff.jpg" caption="An open-faced variation of the fluffernutter sandwich using a rice cracker in place of sliced bread"] ::

In June 2006, Massachusetts State Senator Jarrett Barrios proposed legislation restricting the serving of fluffernutter sandwiches in public schools after learning that his son was served fluffernutters on a daily basis at his elementary school in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Barrios drafted an amendment to the junk food bill which would limit fluffernutters to once a week. The proposal was criticized as trivial and overly intrusive legislation, while Barrios' supporters pointed to concerns over childhood obesity. Among the people who defended the Fluffernutter at the time was Massachusetts State Representative Kathi-Anne Reinstein, whose district in Revere was close to Lynn, where Marshmallow Fluff is made. Supporters of the bill cited the sandwich's close association with childhood and Massachusetts.

In 2021, Merriam-Webster added the word fluffernutter to its dictionary.

In popular culture

The term fluffernutter has sometimes been used disparagingly to describe something that lacks substance and has minimal to no cultural value. On the other hand, some writers look on fluffernutters and marshmallow creme as a source of childhood nostalgia and regional pride.

The sandwich has close ties to New England and Massachusetts, particularly to Somerville, where Archibald Query invented Marshmallow Fluff, and to Lynn, where Durkee-Mower has produced it for decades.

October 8 is National Fluffernutter Day.

References

(4 January 2022). "The Grilled Fluffernutter Sandwich (Fun with Fluffernutters)".
Chmelynski, Carol. "Fluff Worth Fighting For." American School Board Journal 193.9 (2006): 10.
Miller, Michelle. (25 November 2010). "Be Thankful That Tastes Change". [[Tampa Bay Times]].
Schwartz, Justin. (2004). "The Marshmallow Fluff Cookbook". Durkee-Mower.
"History of Fluffernutter Sandwich". What's Cooking in America.
Bruning, Fred. (21 January 2012). "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Bacon". [[Newsday]].
(23 September 2009). "Fluffernutter sandwich is good, but is it the state sandwich?". [[The Boston Globe]].
Fitzgerald, Maureen. (1 December 2011). "Bite-size foods cherished from childhood are served by a New York caterer at the most swellegant holiday parties". [[The Philadelphia Inquirer]].
"Fluffernutter Cookies Recipe". [[Betty Crocker]].
Bilderback, Leslie. (2008). "The Complete Idiot's Guide to Snack Cakes". Alpha.
"The Online Yummy Book". Durkee-Mower.
"Brigham's, Durkee-Mower team up for Fluffernutter ice cream". [[Boston Business Journal]].
"The Boyer Story". Boyer Brothers.
Alverson, Brigid. "Fluff? Smac? Marshmallows, made in Melrose?". Melrose Mirror.
(March 8, 2006). "Williams-Sonoma sued over 'Fluffernutter'". [[NBC News]].
LeBlanc, Steve. (26 June 2006). "Fluffernutter Sandwich Angers Mass. Senator". [[Fox News]].
McKenna, Philip. (June 19, 2006). "Can this spread be stopped? Lawmaker wants schools to put a lid on Fluff". [[The Boston Globe]].
Nicas, Jack. (23 September 2009). "Gooey treat Fluffernutter proposed as official state sandwich". [[The Boston Globe]].
(27 October 2021). "Fluffernutter is added to the Merriam-Webster dictionary".
(30 June 2011). "Top Picks: 4th of July on PBS, letters to Harry Potter, jazz masters, and more; PBS presents their annual "A Capitol Fourth" concert, Harry Potter's fan mail, Sony celebrates 40 years of jazz, and more recommendations.". [[The Christian Science Monitor]].
Louderback, Jim. (30 August 2010). "There, I Said It: Screw Viral Videos". [[Ad Age]].
Twardzik, Cathleen. (22 September 2011). "It's 'What the Fluff?' time again in Somerville". The Somerville News.
"National Fluffernutter Day".

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