Farancia erytrogramma

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Species of reptile

title: "Farancia erytrogramma" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["farancia", "reptiles-described-in-1802", "fauna-of-the-southeastern-united-states", "reptiles-of-the-united-states", "taxa-named-by-palisot-de-beauvois"] description: "Species of reptile" topic_path: "geography/united-states" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farancia_erytrogramma" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Species of reptile ::

::callout[type=note] the snake of the United States ::

| image = Common Rainbow Snake (Farancia erytrogramma).jpg | image_caption = Adult from southern Georgia, whole body | image2 = Common Rainbow Snake (Farancia erytrogramma) 2.jpg | image2_caption = Adult from southern Georgia, macro view of head | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = | genus = Farancia | species = erytrogramma | authority = (Palisot de Beauvois, 1802) | range_map = Farancia erytrogramma distribution map.png | synonyms = *Coluber erytrogrammus Palisot de Beauvois, 1802 in Sonnini & Latreille, 1802

  • Coluber erythrogrammus — Daudin, 1803
  • Natrix erythrogrammus — Merrem, 1820
  • Homalopsis erythrogrammus — F. Boie, 1827
  • Helicops erythrogrammus — Wagler, 1830
  • Abastor erythrogrammus — Gray, 1849
  • Calopisma erythrogrammum — A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron, A.H.A. Duméril, 1854
  • Homolopsis parviceps Blyth, 1854
  • Hydrops erythrogrammus — Sclater, 1861
  • Abastor erytrogrammus — Theobald, 1868
  • Abastor erythrogramus — Cochran, 1952
  • Farancia erytrogramma — Conant, 1975 | synonyms_ref =

Farancia erytrogramma (also known commonly as the rainbow snake, and less frequently as the eel moccasin) is a species of large, nonvenomous, highly amphibious colubrid snake, endemic to the coastal plains of the southeastern United States. Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, one of which has been declared extinct.

Common names

Other common names for F. erytrogramma include horn snake, red-lined snake, red-lined horned snake, red-sided snake, sand hog, sand snake, and striped wampum.

Description

Dorsally, rainbow snakes have smooth, glossy bluish-black back scales, with three red stripes. They have short tails, with a spiny tip which they sometimes use as a probe. Adults may show yellow coloration along the sides and on the head.

They usually grow to a total length (including tail) of 36-48 inches (91–122 cm), although some specimens have been recorded up to 66 inches (168 cm) in total length. Females are larger than males.

| title = Gallery of Farancia erytrogramma images | align = | footer = | style = | state = | height = | width = | captionstyle = | File:Adult male rainbow snake - Virginia.jpg | alt1= An adult male rainbow snake found in Virginia. This individual has a severely clouded eye - a common symptom of a fungal infection | An adult male rainbow snake found in Virginia. This individual has a severely clouded eye - a common symptom of a fungal infection | File:Rainbow Snake taken in Southern Georgia in June 2003 2.jpg | alt2=F. erytrogramma in southern Georgia, showing dorsal coloration | F. erytrogramma in southern Georgia, showing dorsal coloration | File: | alt3= | Write a caption here | File: | alt4= | Write a caption here | File: | alt5= | Write a caption here

Behavior

Rainbow snakes are rarely seen due to their secretive habits. They spend most of their lives in the water, hiding in aquatic vegetation or other forms of cover. They are strong swimmers, and also know how to burrow into mud and sand. Rainbow snakes are not aggressive when captured, and do not bite their captors.

In New Kent County, Virginia, they are abundant in sandy fields near the Chickahominy River, and great numbers are turned up by plows in the spring.

Diet

Rainbow snakes subsist mainly on eels, but also prey on fish, earthworms, small frogs, tadpoles, and salamanders. They eat their prey alive, usually swallowing them head first.

Reproduction

Adult female rainbow snakes usually lay their eggs in July, leaving them underground in sandy soil. A clutch consists of around 20 eggs on average, but large females may lay over 50. The young are hatched in late summer or fall.

Habitat

Rainbow snakes are found in aquatic habitats ranging from cypress swamps and marshes to blackwater creeks, slow-moving streams, and sandy coastal plain.

Geographic range

F. erytrogramma is found from southern Maryland to southeastern Louisiana, including eastern Virginia, southeastern North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, northern Florida, Alabama and Mississippi. A small population once inhabited the Lake Okeechobee region of southern Florida, but was declared extinct on October 5, 2011. One was seen at the Ocala National Forest, in Marion County, in early 2020, with the sighting being confirmed by the National Museum of Florida as the first in 50 years at the site.

Subspecies

There are two recognized subspecies of F. erytrogramma:

  • Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma (Palisot de Beauvois, 1802) – Common rainbow snake
  • †Farancia erytrogramma seminola (Neill, 1964) – Southern Florida rainbow snake; declared extinct (October 5, 2011)

References

References

  1. Hammerson, G.A.. (2007). "''Farancia erytrogramma''".
  2. "''Farancia erytrogramma'' ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  3. [[Albert Hazen Wright. Wright AH]], [[species:Anna Allen Wright. Wright AA]] (1957). ''Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada''. Ithaca and London: Comstock. 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). (''Abastor erythrogrammus'', pp. 82-87, Map 10, Figure 26).
  4. [[Roger Conant (herpetologist). Conant R]] (1975). ''A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1-48. {{ISBN. 0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), {{ISBN. 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (''Farancia erytrogramma'', p. 177 + Plate 25 + Map 137).
  5. [[species:Neil Dwight Richmond. Richmond, Neil D.]] (1945). "The Habits of the Rainbow Snake in Virginia". ''Copeia'' '''1945''' (1): 28-30.
  6. "Two Florida Species Declared Extinct".
  7. (22 February 2020). "A rare rainbow snake was spotted in a Florida forest for the first time in 50 years. Don't worry, it's harmless".

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faranciareptiles-described-in-1802fauna-of-the-southeastern-united-statesreptiles-of-the-united-statestaxa-named-by-palisot-de-beauvois