Eutrochium

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Genus of flowering plants

title: "Eutrochium" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["eutrochium", "asteraceae-genera", "flora-of-northern-america", "taxa-named-by-constantine-samuel-rafinesque"] description: "Genus of flowering plants" topic_path: "general/eutrochium" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutrochium" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of flowering plants ::

| name = Joe-Pye weeds | image = Joe Pye 5426.JPG | image_caption = Joe-Pye weed in flower | image2 = Monarch&JoePyeWeed 02.jpg | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Eutrochium | authority = Raf. | synonyms_ref = | synonyms = *Eupatoriadelphus R.M.King & H.Rob.

  • Solidago subgenus Euthamia Nutt.
  • Eupatorium sect. Verticillatum DC.

Eutrochium is a North American genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are commonly referred to as Joe-Pye weeds. They are native to the United States and Canada, and have non-dissected foliage and pigmented flowers. The genus includes all the purple-flowering North American species of the genus Eupatorium as traditionally defined, and most are grown as ornamental plants, particularly in Europe and North America.

Taxonomy

Eupatorium has recently undergone some revision and has been broken up into smaller genera. Joe Pye weeds were initially included in the genus Eupatorium, but as early as the 19th century Franco-American botanist Constantine Samuel Rafinesque proposed separating them into their own genus Eutrochium. Unaware of this, This was widely accepted, and Joe Pye weeds began to be referred to as such.

In 1987, Robinson and King reincluded the genus Eupatoriadelphus in Eupatorium, while recognizing this former genus as being the same group of plants as Rafinesque's Eutrochium. This decision was also widely accepted.

Based on chloroplast DNA analysis published by Edward E, Schilling et al. in 1999, the Joe Pye weeds were again separated into their own genus, Eutrochium, as Eutrochium is the senior synonym of Eupatoriadelphus. This usage quickly became formalized.

Eupatorium in the revised sense (about 42 species of white-flowered plants from the temperate Northern Hemisphere) is apparently a close relative of Eutrochium. In addition to flower color, another difference between Eutrochium and Eupatorium is that the former has mostly whorled leaves and the latter mostly opposite ones. Eupatorium and Eutrochium are both placed in the subtribe Eupatoriinae, but South American plants which have sometimes been placed in that subtribe, such as Stomatanthes, seem to belong elsewhere in the tribe Eupatorieae.

;Species

Uses

All of the Joe Pye weed species except E. steelei are widely cultivated as ornamental landscape plants. Cultivars have been developed for a more compact habit (e.g. E. dubium ‘Little Joe’, E. dubium ‘Baby Joe’, E. maculatum ‘Little Red’) and varied flower color.

Joe Pye weeds have traditionally been ascribed with medicinal powers. A peer-reviewed study suggests that Joe Pye was a Mohican sachem named Schauquethqueat who lived in the mission town of Stockbridge, Massachusetts from 1740 to c. 1785 and who took as his Christian name, Joseph Pye. Sources (although without citation) claim the plant was used to treat typhus outbreaks and for the treatment of kidney stones and other urinary tract ailments.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Seney_National_Wildlife_Refuge_-Youth(9705383116).jpg" caption="[[Bumblebee]] pollinating Joe-Pye weed"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Whorled_leaves_of_Joe_Pye_Weed.jpg" caption="Whorled leaves of a Joe Pye Weed. Pisgah National Forest, North Carolina, September 2012"] ::

Notes

References

References

  1. {{Tropicos
  2. {{aut. Siripun, Kunsiri Chaw & Schilling, Edward E. (2006): [https://web.archive.org/web/20071028053234/http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/93/2/319 Molecular confirmation of the hybrid origin of ''Eupatorium godfreyanum'' (Asteraceae)]. ''[[American Journal of Botany. Am. J. Bot.]]'' '''93'''(2): 319-325. [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/93/2/319.pdf PDf fulltext]{{dead link. (January 2024)
  3. {{aut. Ito, Motomi; Watanabe, Kuniaki; Kita, Yoko; Kawahara, Takayuki; Crawford, D.J. & Yahara, Tetsukazu (2000): Phylogeny and Phytogeography of ''Eupatorium'' (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae): Insights from Sequence Data of the nrDNA ITS Regions and cpDNA RFLP. ''Journal of Plant Research'' '''113'''(1): 79-89. {{doi. 10.1007/PL00013913 (HTML abstract)
  4. {{aut. Schmidt, Gregory J. & Schilling, Edward E. (2000): Phylogeny and biogeography of ''Eupatorium'' (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) based on nuclear ITS sequence data. ''[[American Journal of Botany. Am. J. Bot.]]'' '''87'''(5): 716-726. {{doi. 10.2307/2656858 {{PMID. 10811796 [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/87/5/716.pdf PDF fulltext]{{dead link. (January 2024)
  5. "Spotted Joe Pye weed (Eutrochium maculatum)" at Minnesota Seasons web page. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  6. Alan Whittemore. "The Sectional Nomenclature of Eupatorium (Asteraceae)." ''Taxon.'' '''36:3''' (August 1987): 619. {{JSTOR. 1221856 {{doi. 10.2307/1221856
  7. research botanists Robert M. King and Harold Robinson proposed assigning them to a new genus ''Eupatoriadelphus'' in 1970.R. M. King and H. Robinson. "Eupatorium, a Composite Genus of Arcto-Tertiary Distribution." ''Taxon.'' '''19.5''': 770 (October 1970). {{JSTOR. 3562296 {{doi. 10.2307/1219289
  8. Robert Merrill King and Harold Robinson. ''The Genera of the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae).'' Missouri Botanical Garden, 1987. [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002042866/page/n74/mode/2up p. 65.] {{ISSN. 0161-1542
  9. Eric E. Lamont. ''Taxonomy of Eupatorium Section Verticillata (Asteraceae).'' New York Botanical Garden, 1995. {{ISBN. 9780893273910
  10. Edward E. Schilling, Jose L. Panero and Patricia B. Cox. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Edward-Schilling/publication/226392031_Chloroplast_DNA_restriction_site_data_support_a_narrowed_interpretation_ofEupatorium_Asteraceae/links/5508c6c90cf27e990e0cd91f/Chloroplast-DNA-restriction-site-data-support-a-narrowed-interpretation-ofEupatorium-Asteraceae.pdf "Chloroplast DNA restriction site data support a narrowed interpretation of ''Eupatorium'' (Asteraceae)."] ''Plant Systematics and Evolution.'' '''219(3/4)''':221 (January 1999).
  11. Gregory J Schmidt and Edward E Schilling. [https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.2307/2656858 "Phylogeny and biogeography of Eupatorium (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) based on nuclear ITS sequence data."] ''American Journal of Botany.'' '''87(5)''': 716. (May 2000). {{doi. 10.2307/2656858
  12. {{aut. Lamont, Eric E. (2004): New combinations in ''Eutrochium'', an earlier name for ''Eupatoriadelphus''. ''Sida'' '''21''': 901-902.
  13. {{eFloras. 1. 112473. Eutrochium. Eric E.. Lamont
  14. {{eFloras. 1. 112351. Eupatorium
  15. [http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Eutrochium The Plant List, search for ''Eutrochium'']
  16. [http://plants.bees.net/gallery/view_photo.php?set_albumName=asteraceae&id=Photo_Eupatorium_maculatum_342A_7_30_01_Home "Eupatorium maculatum"] at Plants4Bees. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171030/http://plants.bees.net/gallery/view_photo.php?set_albumName=asteraceae&id=Photo_Eupatorium_maculatum_342A_7_30_01_Home Archived] on 3 March 2016.
  17. Richard Hawke. [https://www.chicagobotanic.org/downloads/planteval_notes/no37_joepyeweed.pdf "A Comparative Study of Joe-Pye Weeds (''Eutrochium'' spp.) and Their Relatives."] ''Plant Evaluation Notes.'' Chicago Botanic Garden. '''37''' (2014).
  18. {{aut
  19. {{aut. Audubon Society (1988). ''The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
  20. {{aut. Hemmerly, T. E. (2000). ''Appalachian Wildflowers''. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press.

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