Eucomis
Genus of flowering plants
title: "Eucomis" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["scilloideae", "flora-of-southern-africa", "asparagaceae-genera"] description: "Genus of flowering plants" topic_path: "general/scilloideae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucomis" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Genus of flowering plants ::
|image = Eucomis_autumnalis_2 cropped.jpg |image_caption = Eucomis autumnalis |taxon = Eucomis |authority = L'Hér. |type_species = Eucomis regia |type_species_authority = (L.) L'Hér. |synonyms_ref = |synonyms = *Basilaea Juss. ex Lam.
- Eucomea Sol. ex Salisb.
Eucomis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae, native to southern Africa. Most species of this genus are commonly referred to as pineapple flowers or pineapple lilies. They are bulbous perennials with basal rosettes of leaves and stout stems covered in star-shaped flowers with a tuft of green bracts at the top, superficially resembling a pineapple – hence the common names.
Taxonomy
The genus Eucomis was first published by Charles L'Héritier in 1789. The name Eucomis is of Greek origin, eu- meaning "pleasing" and kome "hair of the head", thus referring to the tuft of leaf-like bracts that crown the inflorescence of the species in this genus. The name was first used by Daniel Solander, who decided that Linnaeus's Fritillaria regia should be placed in a separate genus. However, Solander died before publishing the name, and was not mentioned by L'Héritier in his 1789 publication. Initially, three species were placed in Eucomis: E. regia, E. nana and E. punctata. (The last two are now synonyms of E. regia and E. comosa respectively.)
Classification
Eucomis is placed in the subfamily Scilloideae of the family Asparagaceae by those who use the APG system of plant classification, and in the family Hyacinthaceae by those who use more narrowly defined families. Using the subfamily Scilloideae, Eucomis is placed in the tribe Hyacintheae, subtribe Massoniinae, along with such genera as Lachenalia, Ledebouria, Massonia and Veltheimia.
The species can be divided into two groups. One consists of seven mainly short, diploid species with 2n = 2x = 30 chromosomes: E. amaryllidifolia, E. bicolor, E. grimshawii, E. regia, E. schijffii, E. vandermerwei and E. zambesiaca. The other consists of five mainly larger, tetraploid species with 2n = 4x = 60 chromosomes: E. autumnalis, E. comosa, E. humilis, E. montana and E. pallidiflora. The ploidy of E. sonnetteana is not known.
Species
The genus includes 13 accepted species. ::data[format=table]
| Image | Species |
|---|---|
| Eucomis amaryllidifolia | |
| [[File:Eucomis autumnalis flower.jpg | frameless]] |
| [[File:Pineapple Lily. Eucomis bicolor (36000512706).jpg | frameless]] |
| [[File:Eucomis comosa var. comosa 5Dsr 5681.jpg | frameless]] |
| Eucomis grimshawii | |
| [[File:Eucomis humilis 58318215.jpg | frameless]] |
| [[File:Eucomis montana (Ananas lelie). 06-08-2020 (d.j.b.) 01.jpg | frameless]] |
| [[File:Eucomis pallidiflora Koronówka jasnokwiatowa 2023-07-30 03.jpg | frameless]] |
| [[File:Eucomis regia subsp. pillansii (Hyacinthaceae) (36689665013).jpg | frameless]] |
| [[File:Eucomis schijffii 271140171.jpg | frameless]] |
| Eucomis sonnetteana | |
| [[File:Eucomis vandermerwei00.jpg | frameless]] |
| [[File:Eucomis zambesiaca 01.jpg | frameless]] |
| :: |
Distribution and habitat
Eucomis is native to South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Eswatini, Zimbabwe and Malawi. Species can be found in grassland, forest, swamps and on river banks, but are absent from the drier regions. The smaller species are more often found at higher elevations, on hilltops or other exposed places; the larger species favour less exposed habitats, such as damp gulleys and streamsides.
Cultivation
Eucomis species are cultivated as ornamental plants. Most of the summer-flowering species will tolerate frost down to -5 to when dormant in winter, provided they are kept dry. They flower best if given both sun exposure and moisture in summer. Eucomis regia grows in winter and flowers in early spring. It needs greenhouse cultivation in regions that, like Britain, have a maritime rather than a Mediterranean climate.
References
Bibliography
References
- (2009). "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
- Coombes, Allen J.. (1994). "Dictionary of Plant Names". Hamlyn Books.
- (1990). "''Eucomis'' L'Heritier". The Plantsman.
- (1789). "Sertum Anglicum, seu, Plantae rariores quae in hortis juxta Londinum : imprimis in horto regio Kewensi excoluntur, ab anno 1786 ad annum 1787 observata". Didot.
- (2004). "A revised generic synopsis of Hyacintheaceae in sub-Saharan Africa, based on molecular evidence, including new combinations and the new tribe Pseudoprospereae". Edinburgh Journal of Botany.
- (2004). "Phylogenetic relationships among genera of Massonieae (Hyacinthaceae) inferred from plastid DNA and seed morphology". Journal of Plant Research.
- (2008). "RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants". Dorling Kindersley.
- "POWO – ''Eucomis''". [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]].
- "POWO – ''Eucomis nana''". [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]].
- "POWO – ''Eucomis punctata''". [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]].
- "Tropicos – ''Eucomis''". [[Missouri Botanical Garden]].
- (2010). "Genome sizes of ''Eucomis'' L'Hér. (Hyacinthaceae) and a description of the new species ''Eucomis grimshawii'' G.D.Duncan & Zonneveld". Plant Systematics and Evolution.
- "PlantZAfrica – ''Eucomis autumnalis''". [[South African National Biodiversity Institute]].
- (June 2019). "''Euomis sonnetteana''". Flowering Plants of Africa.
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