Etchū Province

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Former province of Japan

title: "Etchū Province" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["etchū-province", "former-provinces-of-japan", "hokuriku-region", "history-of-toyama-prefecture", "1871-disestablishments-in-japan", "states-and-territories-disestablished-in-1871"] description: "Former province of Japan" topic_path: "history" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etchū_Province" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Former province of Japan ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox former subdivision"]

FieldValue
native_name越中国
conventional_long_nameEtchū Province
common_nameEtchū Province
subdivisionprovince of Japan
status_textpre-Meiji period Japan
capitalTakaoka
coordinates
political_subdiv
todayToyama Prefecture
year_start701
year_end1871
event_startSplit from Koshi
date_start
event_end
date_end
event_pre
image_flag
image_border
flag_type
flag
symbol
image_mapProvinces of Japan-Etchu.svg
image_map_captionMap of Japanese provinces (1868) with Etchū Province highlighted
stat_year1
stat_area1
stat_pop1
footnotes
::

|_noautocat = |native_name =越中国 |conventional_long_name = Etchū Province |common_name = Etchū Province |subdivision = province of Japan |nation = |status_text = pre-Meiji period Japan |government_type = |capital = Takaoka |coordinates = |political_subdiv = |today = Toyama Prefecture |year_start = 701 |year_end = 1871 |event_start = Split from Koshi |date_start = |event_end = |date_end = |event1 = |date_event1 = |event2 = |date_event2 = |event3 = |date_event3 = |event4 = |date_event4 = |event5 = |date_event5 = |life_span = |era = |event_pre = |date_pre = |event_post = |date_post = |image_flag = |image_border = |flag_type = |flag = |image_coat = |symbol_type = |symbol = |image_map = Provinces of Japan-Etchu.svg |image_map_caption = Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Etchū Province highlighted |stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = |footnotes = Etchū Province was a province of Japan in the area that is today Toyama Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Japan. Etchū bordered on Noto and Kaga Provinces to the west, Shinano and Hida Provinces to the south, Echigo Province to the east and the Sea of Japan to the north. Its abbreviated form name was Esshū.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/34_Etchu.jpg" caption="[[Hiroshige]] ''[[ukiyo-e]]'' "Etchū" in "The Famous Scenes of the Sixty Provinces" (六十余州名所図会), depicting Funa-hashi, a [[pontoon bridge"] ::

History

Koshi Province was an ancient province of Japan and is listed as one of the original provinces in the Nihon Shoki. The region as a whole was sometimes referred to as Esshū. In 701 AD, per the reforms of the Taihō Code, Koshi was divided into three separate provinces: Echizen, Etchū, and Echigo.

However, in 702 AD, the four western districts of Etchū Province (Kubiki, Kosi, Uonuma and Kambara) were transferred to Echigo Province. Etchū annexed Noto Province in 741 AD, but Noto was separated out again in 757 AD. In 746 AD, the noted poet Ōtomo no Yakamochi became Kokushi, and left many references to the region in the poetic anthology Man'yōshū.

The Nara period provincial capital and provincial temple were located in what is now the city of Takaoka, Toyama; however, there are four shrines which vie for the title of Ichinomiya two of which are located in Takaoka, one in the city of Nanto and one in the town of Tateyama. Under the Engishiki classification system, Etchū was ranked as a "superior country" (上国) in terms of importance and "middle country" (中国) in terms of distance from the capital. Despite this classification, Etchū never developed a powerful local gōzoku clan and was usually controlled by its more powerful neighbours.

During the Muromachi period, the Hatakeyama clan emerged as shugo of the region, but preferred to remain in Kyoto, and to rule through appointed deputies, such as the Jinbō clan and the Shiina clan. Into the Sengoku period, the Hatakeyama transferred their power base to Nanao Castle in Noto province, and Etchū became an area contested by the Uesugi Kenshin and the Oda clan with the Ikkō-ikki helping play one side against the other. The area was eventually conquered by Oda Nobunaga's general Shibata Katsuie and his deputy Sassa Narimasa, who were later replaced by Maeda Toshiie under the rule of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The Maeda clan retained control of the province under Kaga Domain during the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate. During the mid-Edo period, Nei District and much of Niikawa District were separated from Kaga Domain into the 100,000 koku Toyama Domain, which was ruled by a branch of the Maeda clan.

Following the Meiji Restoration and the abolition of the han system in 1871, Etchū Province was divided into Kanazawa Prefecture, Toyama Prefecture, Nanao Prefecture and Niikawa Prefecture, but these areas were reconsolidated into Ishikawa Prefecture in 1876. In 1883, Ishikawa Prefecture was divided, with the original four districts of Etchū Province becoming the new Toyama Prefecture. However, the name “Etchū Province” continued to appear in official documents afterwards for some administrative purposes. For example, Etchū is explicitly recognized in treaties in 1894 (a) between Japan and the United States and (b) between Japan and the United Kingdom.

Historical districts

Etchū Province consisted of eight districts:

Notes

References

References

  1. NHK Publishing. (24 May 2016)
  2. [[Louis-Frédéric. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric]]. (2005). "''Etchū''" in {{Google books. p2QnPijAEmEC. ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 728
  3. [[Ernest Satow. Satow, Ernest]]. (1874). "The Geography of Japan," {{Google books. rJ8MAAAAYAAJ. ''Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan,'' Vol. 1-2, p. 35.
  4. Nussbaum, [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA780 "Provinces and prefectures"] at p. 780.
  5. US Department of State. (1906). [https://books.google.com/books?id=dKCOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA759 ''A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements'' (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759].

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etchū-provinceformer-provinces-of-japanhokuriku-regionhistory-of-toyama-prefecture1871-disestablishments-in-japanstates-and-territories-disestablished-in-1871