.es

---

title: ".es" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["country-code-top-level-domains", "internet-in-spain", "council-of-european-national-top-level-domain-registries-members", "internet-properties-established-in-1988"] description: "Country code top-level domain for Spain" topic_path: "geography/spain" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.es" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Country code top-level domain for Spain ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox Top level domain|"]

Field	Value
name	.es
image	Dotes.png
introduced
type	Country code top-level domain
status	Active
registry	Red.es
sponsor	Red.es
registereddomains	2,134,104
dateregistereddomains	2025-07-31
refregistereddomains
intendeduse	Entities connected with Spain
actualuse	Very popular in Spain. Also, used for domain hacks in multiple languages.
restrictions	None for second-level registrations after 2005 phase-in of open registration; there are restrictions on some of the specific subdomains
structure	Registrations are taken directly at the second level or at the third level beneath various second-level subdomains
document	Spanish domain-related legislation
disputepolicy	Extrajuridical conflict resolution system for ".es" domain names
website	dominios.es
::

name=.es| image=Dotes.png| introduced=| type=Country code top-level domain| status=Active| registry=Red.es| sponsor=Red.es| | registereddomains = 2,134,104 | dateregistereddomains = 2025-07-31 | refregistereddomains = | intendeduse=Entities connected with Spain| actualuse=Very popular in Spain. Also, used for domain hacks in multiple languages.| restrictions=None for second-level registrations after 2005 phase-in of open registration; there are restrictions on some of the specific subdomains| structure=Registrations are taken directly at the second level or at the third level beneath various second-level subdomains| document=Spanish domain-related legislation| disputepolicy=Extrajuridical conflict resolution system for ".es" domain names| website=dominios.es|}}

.es is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Spain administered by the Network Information Centre of Spain.

Server

The .es domain does not have a conventional WHOIS server operating on port 43, but WHOIS queries can be made using a page on ESNIC's website.

Registration

Registrations are permitted at the second level or at the third level beneath various generic second level categories.

Some qualifications and restrictions apply to third-level registrations depending on which second-level domain they are within.

Second-level registrations have had some limitations including requiring registrants to have a connection with Spain, but these restrictions were lifted in a multi-stage process completed by the end of 2005, at which point registrations at the second level of .es were open to anybody worldwide.

Until the liberalization in November 2005, registering in .es was expensive and encumbered compared to other ccTLDs.

The second-level word had to be either a trade mark valid in Spain, the exact name of the registering business or association, or the first name and at least the first surname of the registering individual.

Common words and placenames were unregisterable.

There was also a requirement of a minimum of three characters in the name, though some exceptions like hp.es (Hewlett-Packard Spain) and pp.es (People's Party) were allowed.

Second-level domains

There are a number of second-level domains: ::data[format=table]

Domain	Status	Intended users
.com.es	Open	Commercial entities
.nom.es	Personal entitles
.org.es	Noncommercial organizations
.gob.es	Restricted	Government
.edu.es	Educational institutions
::

Alternatives

As an alternative, many Spanish organizations registered under .com, .org or .net. While being generic top-level domains, organisations may also use one or more other regional variants below: ::data[format=table title=""]

Domain	Region	Related language	Related culture
.cat	Catalonia	Catalan	Catalan culture
.bcn	Barcelona
.eus	Basque Country	Basque	Basque culture
.gal	Galicia	Galician	Galician culture
::

Domain hacks

Although very popular in Spain for its intended use, .es has been used for domain hacks such as geociti.es, a website mirroring GeoCities; adspac.es, a mobile-based advertising firm; thelettervsixtim.es, for the game VVVVVV; and iTun.es for iTunes Ping URL shortening.

References

References

1. "Estadísticas del dominio ".es" julio de 2025".
2. "Navegar en català".

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::