Ernst Süß

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German World War II fighter pilot

title: "Ernst Süß" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["1912-births", "1943-deaths", "people-from-węgorzewo-county", "military-personnel-from-east-prussia", "luftwaffe-pilots", "german-world-war-ii-flying-aces", "recipients-of-the-knight's-cross-of-the-iron-cross", "luftwaffe-personnel-killed-in-world-war-ii", "aviators-killed-by-being-shot-down"] description: "German World War II fighter pilot" topic_path: "history" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Süß" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary German World War II fighter pilot ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox military person"]

FieldValue
nameErnst Süß
birth_date
death_date
birth_placePossessern, Kingdom of Prussia (now Poland)
death_placeOldenburg, Nazi Germany
death_causeKilled in action
allegianceNazi Germany
branch
serviceyears1939–1943
rankOberleutnant (first lieutenant)
commands9./JG 11
unitJG 52, JG 50, JG 11
battles{{hidden
headerstylebackground:#dbdbdb
styletext-align:center;
awardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross
::

|name=Ernst Süß |birth_date= |death_date= |image= |birth_place=Possessern, Kingdom of Prussia (now Poland) |death_place=Oldenburg, Nazi Germany |death_cause=Killed in action |allegiance=Nazi Germany |branch= |serviceyears=1939–1943 |rank=Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) |commands=9./JG 11 |unit=JG 52, JG 50, JG 11 |battles={{hidden |See battles |World War II

Ernst Süß (31 August 1912 – 20 December 1943) was a Luftwaffe fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. Flying with Jagdgeschwader 52 on the Eastern Front, he claimed 64 aerial victories. In October 1943, Süß was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 9. Staffel (9th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 11, a unit fighting on Western Front in defense of the Reich missions. Süß claimed one further aerial victory with this unit before he was killed in action on 20 December 1943.

Early life and career

Süß was born on 31 August 1912 in Possessern, at the time in East Prussia, province of the Kingdom of Prussia within the German Empire, present-day Pozezdrze in northern Poland. On 1 March 1940, III. Gruppe (3rd group) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) was newly formed at Strausberg near Berlin. Initially, this Gruppe was staffed by personnel from other units, among them Süß who was transferred from 3. Staffel (3rd squadron) of JG 52, a squadron of I. Gruppe. The Gruppe was equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-1 and E-3. On 6 April, the Gruppe was moved to Mannheim-Sandhofen Airfield where it was placed under the control of the Stab (headquarter unit) of Jagdgeschwader 53 (JG 53–53rd Fighter Wing).

World War II

The rise of General Ion Antonescu in Romania in 1940 led to a reorganization of his country's armed forces. In this, he was supported by a military mission from Germany, the Luftwaffenmission Rumänien (Luftwaffe Mission Romania) under the command of Generalleutnant (equivalent to major general) . III. Gruppe of JG 52 was transferred to Bucharest in mid-October and temporarily renamed I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 28 (JG 28—28th Fighter Wing) until 4 January 1941. Its primary task was to train Romanian Air Force personnel. Here, Süß joined the trio of Hermann Graf, Alfred Grislawski and Heinrich Füllgrabe. Later, Leopold Steinbatz and Edmund Roßmann joined as well.

Operation Barbarossa

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/9-JG52-ins.svg" caption="9. ''Staffel'' also known as the ''Karaya-Staffel''"] ::

Following its brief deployment in the Balkan Campaign, III. Gruppe was back in Bucharest by mid-June. There, the unit was again subordinated to the Luftwaffenmission Rumänien and reequipped with the new, more powerful Bf 109 F-4 model. On 21 June, the Gruppe was ordered to Mizil in preparation of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Its primary objective was to provide fighter protection for the oil fields and refineries at Ploiești. Prior to the invasion, Major Gotthard Handrick was replaced by Major Albert Blumensaat as commander of III. Gruppe. Blumensaat was then replaced by Hauptmann Hubertus von Bonin on 1 October. At the time, von Bonin was still in convalescence so that Hauptmann Franz Höring, the commander of 9. Staffel, was also made the acting Gruppenkommandeur (group commander).

The Gruppe had moved to Belaya Tserkov on 1 August during the Battle of Kiev and also used an airfield at Yampil from 6 to 8 August. Here on 8 August, Süß claimed his first aerial victory, a Polikarpov I-16 fighter shot down south of Kiev. On 24 September, III. Gruppe moved to the Poltava Air Base, supporting the 17th Army in the First Battle of Kharkov. Three days later, Köppen claimed a Ilyushin DB-3 bomber shot down, his second aerial victory. The Gruppe moved to an airfield at Taganrog on 2 November where they stayed until 1 January 1942. Here by the end of 1941, Süß increased his number of aerial victories to seven claimed. On 1 January 1942, III. Gruppe moved to Kharkov where they fought in the Barvenkovo–Lozovaya offensive and remained there until 29 April. During this period, Süß claimed fourteen further aerial victories, including three on 19 February, taking his total to 21.

War against the Soviet Union

On 29 April, III. Gruppe had relocated to Zürichtal, a small village at the Inhul in the former German settlement west of Feodosia in the Crimea during the Crimean campaign. On 1 May, the Gruppe was subordinated to VIII. Fliegerkorps and was supporting the 11th Army in the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula and the Siege of Sevastopol. There the following, Süß claimed his 22nd aerial victory, a Polikarpov I-153 fighter for which he was awarded the Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 4 May 1942. On 12 May, German forces launched Operation Fredericus, also referred to as the Second Battle of Kharkov, with the objective to eliminate the Izium bridgehead over Seversky Donets. That day, III. Gruppe was moved to the Kharkov-Rogan airfield, southeast of Kharkov, and subordinated to the Stab of JG 52. On 13 May, III. Gruppe flew combat missions east and southeast of Kharkov. During the day, the Gruppe claimed 42 aerial victories, including three Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1 fighters by Süß. On 19 May, the Gruppe moved to Barvinkove where they stayed until 12 June mostly fighting over the encircled Soviet forces in the Izium salient. Here, Süß was credited with seven aerial victories, a Sukhoi Su-2 on 20 May, a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 on 28 May, a MiG-1 the next day, two further MiG-1s on 2 June, an I-16 on 6 June, and another MiG-1 on 9 June, taking his total to 38.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Izium_Salient_in_1942.png" caption="Izium salient (red) in 1942"] ::

On 12 June, the Gruppe relocated to an airfield at Belgorod and to Grakowo, located approximately halfway between Kharkov and Kupiansk on 22 June. The main German objectives in that combat area were, breakthrough to the upper Don and capture of Voronezh. In this timeframe, Süß claimed two MiG-1 fighters shot down on 22 June. On 26 June, III. Gruppe then moved to Bely Kolodez where they stayed until 3 July. Here, Süß claimed three MiG-1 fighters shot down on 27 June, taking his total to 43 aerial victories. For these achievements, Süß was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 2 July. On 28 June, German forces had launched Case Blue, the strategic summer offensive in southern Russia. On 7 July, Army Group A began their advance towards the oil fields in the Caucasus during the Battle of the Caucasus. On 19 July, III. Gruppe relocated to Taganrog where they converted from the Bf 109 F-4 variant to the Bf 109 G-2. Here, Süß claimed two aerial victories, an I-16 on 20 July and a LaGG-3 four days later. On 13 August, III. Gruppe had reached Mineralnye Vody in the North Caucasus region. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) was awarded to him on 4 September 1942 following 50 aerial victories claimed.

On 22 July 1942, the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 52, Major Herbert Ihlefeld, was severely injured in a flight accident and had to surrender command during his convalescence. In consequence, Major Gordon Gollob, the commander of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing), temporarily took over command of JG 52 as acting Geschwaderkommodore. On 17 August, Gollob was ordered dispatch one Schwarm, a flight of four aircraft, of every III. Gruppe squadron to the Don-bend. The pilots selected for this mission included Süß, Graf and Füllgrabe.

In the spring of 1943, Süß was transferred to the Ergänzungsgruppe Ost, where he remained a long time as an instructor. Following his tour as an instructor, Süß claimed his 64th and last aerial victory on the Eastern Front on 30 May 1943. Flying from an airfield at Taman on the Kerch Strait, he was credited with the destruction of a North American B-25 Mitchell bomber.

Defense of the Reich and death

In response to political humiliation caused by de Havilland Mosquito bombing raids into Germany, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, the commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe, ordered the formation of two specialized high-altitude Luftwaffe units. These units were Jagdgeschwader 25, commanded by Major Herbert Ihlefeld, and Jagdgeschwader 50, commanded by his friend Graf. Graf was permitted to choose his personnel and had his friends Süß, Füllgrabe and Grislawski transferred from III. Gruppe of JG 52.

On 9 October 1943, Süß was transferred and appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 11 fighting in defense of the Reich missions. He replaced Oberleutnant Franz Strobl was killed the day before. At the time, III. Gruppe of JG 11, to which his Staffel was subordinated, was based at Oldenburg and commanded by Major Anton Mader. On 11 December, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) attacked the harbor and Nordseewerke at Emden where U-boats were built. III. Gruppe was scrambled at 11:00 and were vectored to a point of intercept near the islands of Norderney and Langeoog. While elements of the Gruppe engaged the bombers, Süß claimed one of the escorting Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters shot down.

On 20 December, the USAAF bombed Bremen. In total 546 bombers, escorted by 491 escort fighters, targeted the port of Bremen. Defending against this attack, Süß shot down a Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter but was himself shot down by USAAF fighters near Wardenburg, south of Oldenburg, in his Bf 109 G-5 (Werknummer 15 709—factory number). Süß managed to bail out but may have been shot in his parachute by a USAAF pilot. In an alternative account given by Flieger Viktor Widmaier, Süß's parachute failed to open and his comrades found him in a field west of Bremen. Posthumously, Süß was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) on 1 August 1944. Command of 9. Staffel was then passed to Oberleutnant Fritz Kälber.

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Süß was credited with 68 aerial victories. Spick also lists Süß with 68 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number combat missions, 60 of which claimed on the Eastern Front. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 65 aerial victory claims, plus one further unconfirmed claim, all but one on the Eastern Front.

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 0683". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 sqmi. These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 x in size.

::data[format=table] | Chronicle of aerial victories | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 – Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941 | – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 – Eastern Front — 6 December 1941 – 28 April 1942 | – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 – Eastern Front — 29 April 1942 – 3 February 1943 | – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 – Eastern Front — May 1943 | – 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 11 – Defense of the Reich — December 1943 | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | 8 August 1941 | 18:45 | I-16 | 5 km south of Kyiv | 4 | 30 October 1941 | 09:40 | I-16 | | | | | | | | | 2 | 27 September 1941 | 14:20 | DB-3 | | 5 | 8 November 1941 | 11:56 | I-26 (Yak-1) | | | | | | | | | 3 | 23 October 1941 | 13:40 | Pe-2 | | 6 | 9 November 1941 | 14:32 | I-16 | | | | | | | | | 7 | 6 December 1941 | 10:58 | I-16 | | 15 | 28 February 1942 | 11:20 | V-11 (Il-2) | | | | | | | | | 8 | 7 January 1942 | 08:15 | I-16 | | 16 | 1 March 1942 | 11:43 | I-26 (Yak-1) | | | | | | | | | 9 | 16 February 1942 | 11:12 | Su-2 (Seversky) | Mal-Yablonovo | 17 | 26 March 1942 | 16:55 | I-16 | | | | | | | | | 10 | 19 February 1942 | 08:27 | I-61 (MiG-3) | | 18 | 27 March 1942 | 10:12 | I-61 (MiG-3) | | | | | | | | | 11 | 19 February 1942 | 08:29 | I-61 (MiG-3) | | 19 | 28 March 1942 | 06:20 | I-26 (Yak-1) | | | | | | | | | 12 | 19 February 1942 | 11:40 | Su-2 (Seversky) | | 20 | 6 April 1942 | 06:06 | I-16 | | | | | | | | | 13 | 20 February 1942 | 08:27 | I-61 (MiG-3) | | 21 | 8 April 1942 | 11:20 | I-61 (MiG-3) | | | | | | | | | 14 | 23 February 1942 | 12:03 | I-26 (Yak-1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 22 | 30 April 1942 | 16:49 | I-153 | | 43 | 27 June 1942 | 07:45 | MiG-1 | | | | | | | | | 23 | 8 May 1942 | 13:23 | I-16 | | 44 | 20 July 1942 | 11:40 | I-16 | | | | | | | | | 24 | 8 May 1942 | 13:28 | I-61 (MiG-3) | | 45 | 24 July 1942 | 05:05 | LaGG-3 | | | | | | | | | 25 | 9 May 1942 | 12:25 | MiG-1 | | 46 | 6 August 1942 | 07:00 | Il-2 | PQ 0683 | | | | | | | | 26 | 9 May 1942 | 12:35 | I-15 | | 47 | 12 August 1942 | 16:56 | I-16 | PQ 85721 vicinity of Svobodny | | | | | | | | 27 | 13 May 1942 | 07:43 | MiG-1 | | 48 | 15 August 1942 | 16:40 | Yak-1 | PQ 85335 east of Stawropoliskaja | | | | | | | | 28 | 13 May 1942 | 16:18 | MiG-1 | | 49 | 16 August 1942 | 16:51 | I-16 | PQ 85321 vicinity of Eriwanskaja | | | | | | | | 29 | 13 May 1942 | 16:20 | MiG-1 | | 50 | 18 August 1942 | 07:05 | I-153 | PQ 75852 east of Natukhayevskaya | | | | | | | | 30 | 14 May 1942 | 07:23 | MiG-1 | | 51 | 24 August 1942 | 17:20 | Yak-1 | PQ 59173 | | | | | | | | 31 | 17 May 1942 | 03:50 | MiG-1 | | 52 | 25 August 1942 | 11:45 | Yak-1 | PQ 49272 10 km east of Stalingrad | | | | | | | | | 20 May 1942 | | Su-2 (Seversky) | | 53 | 31 August 1942 | 17:06 | Yak-1 | PQ 59252 | | | | | | | | 32 | 20 May 1942 | 17:33 | Su-2 (Seversky) | | 54 | 31 August 1942 | 17:12 | Yak-1 | PQ 59261 | | | | | | | | 33 | 28 May 1942 | 14:18 | LaGG-3 | | 55 | 3 September 1942 | 15:55 | Yak-1 | PQ 59121 | | | | | | | | 34 | 29 May 1942 | 09:13 | MiG-1 | | 56 | 4 September 1942 | 12:40 | Yak-1 | PQ 49317 vicinity of Stalingrad | | | | | | | | 35 | 2 June 1942 | 08:29 | MiG-1 | | 57 | 8 September 1942 | 15:15 | Yak-1 | PQ 49322 vicinity of Stalingrad | | | | | | | | 36 | 2 June 1942 | 11:28 | MiG-1 | | 58 | 1 November 1942 | 15:10 | LaGG-3 | PQ 44873 | | | | | | | | 37 | 6 June 1942 | 04:15 | I-16 | | 59 | 1 November 1942 | 15:18 | LaGG-3 | PQ 44562 | | | | | | | | 38 | 9 June 1942 | 13:15 | MiG-1 | | 60 | 5 November 1942 | 13:37 | La-5 | PQ 44953 | | | | | | | | 39 | 22 June 1942 | 06:40 | MiG-1 | | 61 | 27 November 1942 | 10:15 | I-16 | PQ 44814 | | | | | | | | 40 | 22 June 1942 | 06:45 | MiG-1 | | 62 | 5 December 1942 | 11:04 | La-5 | PQ 44732 | | | | | | | | 41 | 27 June 1942 | 07:20 | MiG-1 | | 63 | 5 December 1942 | 13:23 | Boston | PQ 44724 | | | | | | | | 42 | 27 June 1942 | 07:40 | MiG-1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 64 | 30 May 1943 | 15:48 | B-25 | PQ 34 Ost 76892 vicinity of Kiyevskoye | | | | | | | | | | | | | 65 | 11 December 1943 | 12:30 | P-47 | PQ 05 Ost S/BP-4 off Norddeich | | | | | | | | | | | | ::

Awards

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

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  • {{Cite book |last=Schreier |first=Hans |year=1990 |title=JG 52 Das erfolgreichste Jagdgeschwader des 2. Weltkriegs |trans-title=JG 52 The Most Successful Fighter Wing of World War II |language=de |location=Berg am See |publisher=K. Vowinckel |isbn=978-3-921655-66-5
  • {{Cite book |last=Spick |first=Mike |year=1996 |title=Luftwaffe Fighter Aces |location=New York |publisher=Ivy Books |isbn=978-0-8041-1696-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/luftwaffefighter00mike
  • {{cite book |last=Weal |first=John |year=1999 |title=Bf 109F/G/K Aces of the Western Front |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-1-85532-905-8
  • {{Cite book |last=Weal |first=John |year=2004 |title=Jagdgeschwader 52: The Experten |series=Aviation Elite Units |volume=15 |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84176-786-4
  • {{cite book |last=Weal |first=John |year=2006 |title=Bf 109 Defence of the Reich Aces |series=Aircraft of the Aces |volume=68 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-1-84176-879-3
  • {{Cite book |last=Weal |first=John |year=2007 |title=More Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front |series=Aircraft of the Aces |volume=76 |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84603-177-9
  • {{Cite book |editor-last=Zabecki |editor-first=David T. |editor-link=David T. Zabecki |title=Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History |location=Santa Barbara, California |publisher=ABC-Clio |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-59884-981-3

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1912-births1943-deathspeople-from-węgorzewo-countymilitary-personnel-from-east-prussialuftwaffe-pilotsgerman-world-war-ii-flying-acesrecipients-of-the-knight's-cross-of-the-iron-crossluftwaffe-personnel-killed-in-world-war-iiaviators-killed-by-being-shot-down