Eid prayers

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Special prayers for Islamic holidays

title: "Eid prayers" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["salah", "eid-(islam)", "salah-terminology"] description: "Special prayers for Islamic holidays" topic_path: "society/religion" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eid_prayers" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Special prayers for Islamic holidays ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox holiday"]

Field	Value
holiday_name	Eid prayers
type	Islamic
image	Sholakia Eidgah Maidan 03.jpg
image_size	250px
caption	Eid prayer at Sholakia Eidgah in Bangladesh
official_name	صلاة العيد
nickname	Holidays prayer
observedby	Muslims
longtype	Islamic
significance	A Muslim prayer offered to Allah yearly in Eids.
begins	Duha
ends	Zenith - Noon
frequency	Yearly
relatedto	Salah, Friday Prayer, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha
date	Cycles according to the Islamic lunar calendar
::

Eid prayers, also referred to as Salat al-Eid (), are holy holiday prayers in the Islamic tradition. The literal translation of the word "Eid" in Arabic is "festival" or "feast" and is a time when Muslims congregate with family and the larger Muslim community to celebrate.

There are generally two central Eids that take place in accordance with the Islamic lunar calendar (hence the additional name Ṣalāt al-’Īdayn ( "Prayer of the Two Eids"):

Eid al-Fitr (), also known as the "Smaller Eid" is a three-day celebration marking the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting, and welcoming the new month of Shawwal. Mandatory charity, or Zakat, specifically Zakat al-Fitr (Zakat of Eid Al-Fitr) is offered to the poor by every financially-able Muslim (preferably prior to the offering of the prayer) to ensure that those who are less fortunate may also participate in the joyous holiday.
Eid al-Adha (), the "Greater Eid" or "Eid of Sacrifice", is celebrated on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah (last month of the Islamic lunar calendar in which the Islamic pillar of Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca is performed). This Eid follows what is considered to be the holiest day in Islam, Day of Arafah and serves as a commemoration of Ibrahim's obedience and faith when tested by Allah. Able Muslims sacrifice an animal (Qurbani) whose provisions are to be distributed among friends, family, and the poor, in three equal parts as charity. Those who are unable to offer Qurbani but meet the requirements for it may offer a donation of Zakat in its place. These obligations apply to every adult Muslim regardless of gender, so long as they meet the requirements of giving. Its duration is 4 days.

There is no set date for the Eid holidays, as it changes from year to year. This is due to the nature of the lunar calendar that calculates months based on the phases of the moon, unlike the solar Gregorian calendar that is used most widely today. The lunar calendar is about 11 days shorter than that of the Gregorian, and so the equivalent date shifts back about 11 days every year. This is true for other holidays, such as the Chinese New Year or Rosh Hashanah, that are also based on the lunar calendar. The date normally varies in locations across the world, but many communities choose to follow the sighting reports of the crescent moon in Mecca for the sake of consistency.

Name variations

::data[format=table]

Region/country	Language	Main	Romanised
Arab World	Arabic	صلاة العيد	Ṣalāh al-'Eid
Greater Albania	Albanian	Namazi i Bajramit
Avaristan	Avar	ГІидалъул как	GÍidal"ul kak
Greater Persia	Persian, Dari, Tajik	{{nq	نماز عيد}}, Намози ид
Russia, Pakistan, India Maldives	Hindustani, Punjabi, Russian, Sindhi, Dhivehi		{{nq
China	Chinese	會禮	Huì lǐ
Turkey, Azerbaijan	Turkish, Azeri	Bayram namazı
Balkans	Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian	Bajram-namaz
Bashkortostan	Bashkir	Байрам намаҙҙары	Bayram namaz̦z̦ary
Kazakhstan	Kazakh	Айт намазы	Ayt namazı
Laksky, Kulinsky	Lak	Байрам-чак	Bayram-chak
Bengal	Bengali	ঈদের নামাজ	Eid er namaz
Sweden	Swedish	Eidbön
Indonesia	Indonesian, Javanese	Salat Id
Malaysia	Bahasa Melayu	Solat Sunat Hari Raya
Kurdistan	Kurdish	نوێژی جێژن
Pashtunistan	Pashto	د اختر لمونځ
Tamil Nadu	Tamil	பெருநாள் தொழுகை	Perunal thozhugai
Zazaistan	Zazaki	Nemacê roşani
::

Eid greetings

The customary greeting on the days of Eid Festivals is "Eid Mubarak", meaning "Have a Blessed Eid" and is often accompanied by other forms of cultural greetings and customs.

Location and timing

Eid prayers are traditionally offered in an open space (such as a Musalla or Eidgah) or field available for prayer if weather permits. The technical appointed time of Salat Al-Eid, as specified by the Quran and Sunnah (sayings, teachings, and actions of Muhammad), begins when the sun reaches approximately three meters above the horizon - above the height of a spear, until it reaches its meridian - approaching its zenith. Generally speaking, it is recommended that the prayer is offered in the morning, anytime after sunrise and before noon.

The time for Eid al-Fitr prayer may be delayed while the prayer of Eid al-Adha is hastened. This is to ensure enough time to facilitate the distribution of the Zakat before the prayer or offer sacrifice after, respectively. This has been a proved Sunnah and has been well recorded in Hadith books.

Specified times of the prayer vary according to local mosques and larger communities may offer two prayers to allow as many people as possible the chance to make the prayer.

Degree of importance

The degree of importance of the Eid prayer vary between different Madhhab, or schools of Islamic thought. According to Hanafi scholars, Salat al-Eid is Wajib (obligatory). To Hanbali jurisprudence, it is Fard (necessary; often synonymous with Wajib) and according to Maliki and Shafiʽi schools, it is considered to be Sunnah Al-Mu'akkadah ("confirmed Sunnah, "continuously performed and never abandoned") but not mandatory.

Procedure and ritual

In addition to the actual praying of the Salah, another component of the Eid Prayers is the delivering of a Khutbah or Islamic sermon, like that given weekly on Fridays at Jumu'ah (obligatory Friday prayers). While the sermon is delivered prior to the Salah for Jumu'ah, it is delivered after the Salah for Eid. This is in accordance with the narration by Abdullah ibn Umar that Muhammad performed Eid Prayers in this order.

The Eid prayers also take place without the customary calling of the Adhan or Iqama (arabic call to prayer), which is normally called before every Salah. This is per the traditional narration by Jabir sin Samurah, who had prayed Eid Salah behind Muhammad, and noted that the calls were not made.

Another specific characteristic of the Eid prayer is the number of Takbir, or calling of the phrase "Allahu Akbar" ("God is Great") performed in each Rakat (unit of prayer) of Salah. The Takbir for regular Salah (as well as most sunnah and special Salah) is called only once at the start with repetitions between steps of the prayer. According to Hadith narrated by 'Amr bin Shuaib over certified generations, Muhammad completed 7 takbirs in the first rakah of the Eid prayer and 5 in the second, then began with the recitation of the Quran. The Hanafis complete 3 takbirs before reciting Quran in the first rak'ah and 3 takbirs after reciting Quran before prostrating.[[File:台北清真寺.JPG|thumb|Eid prayer during [[Eid al-Fitr]] at [[Taipei Grand Mosque]], [[Taiwan]]]]

Additional sunnah

To reap further rewards from praying the Eid, there are additional recommended steps that Muhammad did in his time according to his Sunnah that Muslims may perform. These include bathing or Ghusl prior to attending the festival, dressing in one's best clothes, eating before the Eid al-Fitr prayer and waiting until after Eid al-Adha prayer to eat, saying the Takbir to and from the place of Eid and after every prayer for the remaining days of the festival, as well as taking an alternative route home from the one taken to the prayer.

Women and the Eid Salah

Eid festivals are meant to be an event for all members of the Muslim community, including women and children. According to the Hadith narrated by the Nusaybah Bint Al-Harith (Umm 'Atiyah), women, young and old, were called to come out and participate in the joy of Eid and reap its blessings.

How to pray Eid prayer

The Eid prayer is one where the imam attends and leads the people in praying two rak’ahs. ‘Umar said: “The prayer of al-Fitr is two rak’ahs and the prayer of al-Adha is two rak’ahs, complete and not shortened, on the tongue of your Prophet, and the one who fabricates lies is doomed.” Narrated by al-Nasaa’i, 1420 and Ibn Khuzaymah. Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Nasaa’i.

It was narrated that Abu Sa’eed said: The Messenger of Allaah used to come out on the day of al-Fitr and al-Adha to the prayer place, and the first thing he would do was to offer the prayer. Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 956

In the first rak’ah he should say Takbeerat al-ihraam (say “Allaahu akbar” to start the prayer), after which he should say six or seven more takbeers, because of the hadeeth of ‘Aa’ishah, “The takbeer of al-Fitr and al-Adha is seven takbeers in the first rak’ah and five takbeers in the second, apart from the takbeer of rukoo’.” Narrated by Abu Dawood and classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Irwa’ al-Ghaleel, 639.

Then he should recite al-Faatihah, and recite Soorat Qaf in the first rak’ah. In the second rak’ah he should stand up saying takbeer, and when he has stood up completely he should say takbeer five times, and recite Soorat al-Faatihah then Soorat al-Qamr. The Prophet used to recite these two soorahs during the two Eids. Or if he wishes he can recite Soorat al-A’la in the first rak’ah and Soorat al-Ghaashiyah in the second, because it was narrated that the Prophet used to recite al-A’la and al-Ghaashiyah in the Eid prayer.

The imam should revive the Sunnah be reciting these soorahs so that the Muslims will become familiar with the Sunnah.

After the prayer, the imam should address the people. Part of the khutbah should be addressed specifically to the women, telling them of the things that they should do and warning them against the things that they should avoid, as the Prophet used to do.

See Fataawa Arkaan al-Islam by Shaykh Muhammad ibn ‘Uthaymeen, p. 398; Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 8/300-316).

The prayer comes before the khutbah One of the rulings of Eid is that the prayer comes before the khutbah, because of the hadeeth of Jaabir ibn ‘Abd-Allaah who said, The Prophet came out on the day of al-Fitr and started with the prayer before the khutbah. Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 958; Muslim, 885.

Another indication that the khutbah comes after the prayer is the hadeeth of Abu Sa’eed who said: The Messenger of Allaah used to come out to the prayer place on the day of al-Fitr and al-Adha, and the first thing he would start with was the prayer, then he would go and stand facing the people, while the people were sitting in their rows, and he would preach to them and advise them and command them. If he wanted to send out a military expedition he would do so and if he wanted to tell the people to do something he would do so, then he would leave.

Abu Sa’eed said: The people continued to do that until I went out with Marwaan – who was the governor of Madeenah – on Eid al-Adha or Eid al-Fitr, and when we came to the prayer-place, there was a minbar that had been built by Katheer ibn al-Salt. When Marwaan wanted to ascend it before he prayed, I grabbed his garment and he pushed me away and climbed up and delivered the khutbah before the prayer. I said, “You have changed it by Allaah.”

He said, “O Abu Sa’eed, what you knew has gone.”

I said, “What I know, by Allaah, is better than what I do not know.”

He said, “The people will not sit and listen to us after the prayer, so we did it before the prayer.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 956.

Concerning the adhan and iqamah for Salat al-Eidain, Ibn al-Qayyum writes: "When the Prophet went to the place of prayer, he would perform the salat without any adhan or iqamah

References

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"Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha – What is the Difference?".
(July 2021). "Obligations of Eid-ul-Adha".
(20 February 2018). "Lunar New Year: Why the solar calendar actually rules our lives".
"Celebrating Eid / Eid ul-Fitr in 2021".
"It is the Sunnah to pray the Eid Prayer outdoors – Madeenah.com".
"The Two Eids and their Significance".
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Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl, Bukhārī. "Sahih Bukhari". Muhammad Sarid.
al-Sijistani, Abu Daud Sulayman ibn al-Ashath. (1984). "Sunan Abu Dawud". Sh. M. Ashraf.
"Sunnah Acts to be Performed on Eid ul-Fitr".
Muhammad, Zulfiqar. (2006). "Prayer according to the Sunnah". Darussalam.

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