Dz (digraph)

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Digraph of the Latin script

title: "Dz (digraph)" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["polish-orthography", "hungarian-language", "latin-script-digraphs", "vietnamese-language"] description: "Digraph of the Latin script" topic_path: "geography/poland" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Digraph of the Latin script ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Latin_digraph_D_Z.svg" caption="Latin Dz digraph."] ::

Dz is a digraph of the Latin script, consisting of the consonants D and Z. It generally represents in Latin alphabets, including Hungarian, Kashubian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Slovak, and romanized Macedonian. However, it represents in Chipewyan (Dënesųłinë́) and the ILE romanization of Cantonese, and is a pronunciation respelling of the letter D to represent in Vietnamese.

Usage by language

Esperanto

Some Esperanto grammars, notably Plena Analiza Gramatiko de Esperanto, consider dz to be a digraph for the voiced affricate , as in edzo "husband". The case for this is "rather weak". Most Esperantists, including Esperantist linguists (Janton, Wells), reject it.

Hungarian

is the seventh letter of the Hungarian alphabet. It is called dzé () as a letter of the alphabet, where it represents the voiced alveolar affricate phoneme .

⟨Dz⟩ and ⟨dzs⟩ were recognized as individual letters in the 11th edition of Hungarian orthography (1984). Prior to that, they were analyzed as two-letter combinations ⟨d⟩+⟨z⟩ and ⟨d⟩+⟨zs⟩.

Length

Like most Hungarian consonants, the sound can be geminated. However, the letter is only doubled in writing (to ) when an assimilated suffix is added to the stem: eddze, lopóddzon.

In several words, it is pronounced long, e.g. bodza, madzag, edz, pedz. In some other ones, short, e.g. dzadzíki, dzéta, Dzerzsinszkij (usually at the beginning of words), though it is always short after another consonant (e.g. in brindza).

In several verbs ending in -dzik (approximately fifty), there is a free alternation with -zik, e.g. csókolódzik or csókolózik, lopódzik or lopózik. In other verbs, there is no variation: birkózik, mérkőzik (only with ) but leledzik, nyáladzik (only with , pronounced long). In some other verbs, there is a difference in meaning: levelez(ik) "to correspond", but leveledzik "to produce leaves".

Collation

Usage of this letter is similar to that of Polish and Slovak languages: though is a digraph composed of and , it is considered one letter, and even acronyms keep the letter intact.

Polish

Dz generally represents . However, when followed by i it is palatalized to .

Examples of ''dz''

(bell)

(kind, type)

Compare dz followed by i:

(child)

(girl, girlfriend)

Slovak

In Slovak, the digraph dz is the ninth letter of the Slovak alphabet. Example words with this phoneme include:

  • medzi = between, among
  • hrádza = dam, dike

The digraph may never be divided by hyphenation:

  • medzi → me-dzi
  • hrádza → hrá-dza

However, when d and z come from different morphemes, they are treated as separate letters, and must be divided by hyphenation:

  • odzemok = type of folk dance → od-ze-mok
  • nadzvukový = supersonic → nad-zvu-ko-vý In both cases od- (from) and nad- (above) are a prefix to the stems zem (earth) and zvuk (sound).

Vietnamese

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Viet_Dzung_Human_Rights_Memorial_Highway.jpg" caption="Nguyễn Ngọc Hùng Dũng}}."] ::

Dz is sometimes used in Vietnamese names as a pronunciation respelling of the letter D. Several common Vietnamese given names start with the letter D, including Dũng, Dụng, and Dương. Whereas D is pronounced as some sort of dental or alveolar stop in most Latin alphabets, an unadorned D in the Vietnamese alphabet represents either (Northern Vietnamese) or (Southern Vietnamese), while the letter Đ represents a voiced alveolar implosive () or, according to Thompson (1959), a preglottalized voiced alveolar stop (). Z is not included in the Vietnamese alphabet as a letter in its own right.

Many Vietnamese cultural figures spell their family names, pen names, or stage names with Dz instead of D, emphasizing the northern pronunciation. Examples include the songwriter Dzoãn Mẫn, the poet Hồ Dzếnh, and the television chef Nguyễn Dzoãn Cẩm Vân. Other examples include Bùi Dzinh and Trương Đình Dzu.

Some Overseas Vietnamese residing in English-speaking countries also replace D with Dz in their names. A male named Dũng may spell his name Dzung to avoid being called "dung" in social contexts. Examples of this usage include Vietnamese-Americans Việt Dzũng and Dzung Tran. (Occasionally, D is instead replaced by Y to emphasize the Saigonese pronunciation, as with Yung Krall.)

Unicode

Dz is represented in Unicode as three separate glyphs within the Latin Extended-B block. It is one of the rare characters that has separate glyphs for each of its uppercase, title case, and lowercase forms.

::data[format=table]

CodeGlyphDecimalDescription
U+01F1DZLatin Capital Letter DZ
U+01F2DzLatin Capital Letter D with Small Letter Z
U+01F3dzLatin Small Letter DZ
::

The single-character versions are designed for compatibility with Yugoslav encodings supporting Romanization of Macedonian, where this digraph corresponds to the Cyrillic letter Ѕ.

Variants

Additional variants of the Dz digraph are also encoded in Unicode.

References

References

  1. Nguyên Nguyên. (May 2004). "Từ chữ Nôm đến quốc ngữ: Dzương Quí Phi và Cơm Gà Hải Nam". Ái Hữu Công Chánh.
  2. Kalocsay & Waringhien (1985) ''Plena analiza gramatiko de Esperanto'', §17, 22
  3. van Oostendorp, Marc (1999). Syllable structure in Esperanto as an instantiation of universal phonology. Esperantologio / Esperanto Studies 1, 52 80. p. 68
  4. Pierre Janton, ''Esperanto: Language, Literature, and Community.'' Translated by Humphrey Tonkin et al. State University of New York Press, 1993. {{ISBN. 0-7914-1254-7.
  5. J. C. Wells, ''Lingvistikaj Aspektoj de Esperanto'', Universala Esperanto-Asocio, 1978. {{ISBN. 92 9017 021 2.
  6. http://real-j.mtak.hu/6065/1/MagyarNyelvor_1984.pdf p. 399
  7. Thompson, Laurence. (1959). "Saigon phonemics". [[Linguistic Society of America]].
  8. (December 2, 2015). "Thói quen đặt tên có chữ "Dz" của người xưa là do đâu?". Trí Thức Trẻ.
  9. Minh Anh. (February 20, 2011). "Câu chuyện về gia đình nữ cựu điệp viên CIA gốc Việt". [[Voice of America]].
  10. Everson, Michael. (2017-08-17). "L2/17-299: Proposal to add two Sinological Latin letters".
  11. (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic".
  12. Miller, Kirk. (2020-07-11). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks".
  13. Anderson, Deborah. (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes".
  14. (2021-01-03). "L2/21-004: Unicode request for dezh with retroflex hook".

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polish-orthographyhungarian-languagelatin-script-digraphsvietnamese-language