Don Republic
1918–1920 anti-Bolshevik republic in Eastern Europe
title: "Don Republic" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["history-of-the-don-cossacks", "former-republics", "post–russian-empire-states", "short-lived-countries", "white-movement", "states-and-territories-established-in-1918", "states-and-territories-disestablished-in-1920", "former-countries-of-the-interwar-period"] description: "1918–1920 anti-Bolshevik republic in Eastern Europe" topic_path: "history" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Republic" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary 1918–1920 anti-Bolshevik republic in Eastern Europe ::
::data[format=table title="Infobox country"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| conventional_long_name | Don Republic |
| Almighty Don Host | |
| common_name | Don Republic |
| p1 | Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic |
| flag_p1 | Flag RSFSR 1918.svg |
| p2 | Don Soviet Republic |
| flag_p2 | Red flag.svg |
| s1 | Don Host Oblast |
| flag_s1 | Flag RSFSR 1918.svg |
| s2 | Donetsk Oblast |
| flag_s2 | Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_SSR_(1929-1937).svg |
| image_coat | Don Republic COA.svg |
| image_flag | Flag of Don Cossacks.svg |
| flag_type | |
| image_map | Донского Войска Область 1900.svg |
| image_map_caption | Map of the Don Host Oblast (green) |
| national_anthem | Всколыхнулся, взволновался православный Тихий Дон (It has shaken, has stirred the Orthodox quiet Don) |
| capital | Novocherkassk |
| common_languages | Russian, Ukrainian |
| religion | Eastern Orthodoxy |
| government_type | Parliamentary republic |
| title_leader | Ataman |
| leader1 | Pyotr Krasnov |
| year_leader1 | 1918–1919 |
| leader2 | Afrikan Bogaevsky |
| year_leader2 | 1919–1921 |
| legislature | Krug |
| era | World War I |
| event_start | Proclaimed |
| date_start | 18 May |
| year_start | 1918 |
| year_end | 1920 |
| stat_year1 | 1917 |
| currency | Don Ruble |
| :: |
| conventional_long_name = Don Republic Almighty Don Host | common_name = Don Republic | p1 = Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic | flag_p1 = Flag RSFSR 1918.svg | p2 = Don Soviet Republic | flag_p2 = Red flag.svg | s1 = Don Host Oblast | flag_s1 = Flag RSFSR 1918.svg | s2 = Donetsk Oblast | flag_s2 = Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_SSR_(1929-1937).svg | image_coat = Don Republic COA.svg | image_flag = Flag of Don Cossacks.svg | flag_type = | image_map = Донского Войска Область 1900.svg | image_map_caption = Map of the Don Host Oblast (green) | national_anthem = Всколыхнулся, взволновался православный Тихий Дон (It has shaken, has stirred the Orthodox quiet Don) | capital = Novocherkassk | common_languages = Russian, Ukrainian | religion = Eastern Orthodoxy | government_type = Parliamentary republic | title_leader = Ataman | leader1 = Pyotr Krasnov | year_leader1 = 1918–1919 | leader2 = Afrikan Bogaevsky | year_leader2 = 1919–1921 | legislature = Krug | era = World War I | event_start = Proclaimed | date_start = 18 May | year_start = 1918 | event_end = | date_end = | year_end = 1920 | stat_year1 = 1917 | stat_area1 = | stat_pop1 = | currency = Don Ruble NOTOC The Don Republic (), later known as the Almighty Don Host (), was an independent self-proclaimed anti-Bolshevik republic formed by the Armed Forces of South Russia on the territory of Don Cossacks against another self-proclaimed Don Soviet Republic. The Don Republic existed during the Russian Civil War after the collapse of the Russian Empire from 1918 to 1920.
In April 1918, after the liberation of Novocherkassk from control of the Don Soviet Republic, a Don Provisional Government was formed under Georgy Petrovich Yanov. On 11 May, the "circle for the Salvation of the Don" opened, which organized the anti-Bolshevik war. On 16 May, Pyotr Krasnov was elected Ataman. On 17 May, Krasnov presented his "Basic Laws of The All Great Don Host." Its 50 points included the inviolability of private property and abolished all laws promulgated since the abdication of Nicholas II. Krasnov also encouraged nationalism. According to Peter Kenez, "This new preoccupation with the glories of the past allowed the Cossacks to regard the struggle against their enemies as a war of national liberation, not merely one for defending their private interests against their fellow citizens."
The Don Republic claimed the territory of the Don region with the city of Novocherkassk as its capital. Administratively, the Don Republic was divided into ten okrugs, covering an area located in the Rostov and Volgograd Oblasts of RSFSR and in the Lugansk and Donetsk Oblasts of the neighboring Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic.
According to Peter Kenez, "Krasnov named Semenov, one of the army officers, 'governor' of Voronezh province (the part that had been liberated) and Colonel Manakin 'governor' of Saratov province."
The Don Republic ceased to exist after the Don Cossacks, who formed an essential part of the White Army, were defeated by the Red Army in the Russian Civil War. Many of the Russian Cossacks on Don were subjected to the Decossackization in 1919–1921, during the Soviet famine of 1932–33 and because of the repatriation of Cossacks after the Second World War by the United Kingdom to the Soviet Union, resulting in the eventual disappearance of the Don Cossacks' movement of resistance to the Soviet Union.
Gallery
1918-DonGeography.jpg Всевелико Войско Донское.jpg|Medal of the Great Don Army: Defender of the Free Don. Герб ВВД 1919.png|Coat of arms of the Almighty Don Host (1919)
References
References
- (19 November 2015). "Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916-1926". Rowman & Littlefield.
- (2004). "Red Attack, White Resistance; Civil War in South Russia 1918". New Academia Publishing.
- [https://archive.org/details/ocherk-polit-ist-vvd Очеркъ политической исторіи Всевеликаго Войска Донского] (Изданіе Управленія Генералъ-Квартирмейстера Штаба Донской Арміи, 1919). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231021103331/http://elib.shpl.ru/pages/1993833/zooms/8 Page from the book with reproduction of the document: “Постановление Войскового Круга от 30 мая 1919 г. о благодарности Великобританскому Королевскому Правительству и Парламенту за оказываемую помощь в борьбе с большевиками”.]
::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::