Decane

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Alkane hydrocarbon; component of gasoline (petrol) and kerosene

title: "Decane" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["alkanes"] description: "Alkane hydrocarbon; component of gasoline (petrol) and kerosene" topic_path: "general/alkanes" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decane" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Alkane hydrocarbon; component of gasoline (petrol) and kerosene ::

| Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 464188665 | Name = | ImageFile = Decane-2D-Skeletal.svg | ImageFile_Ref = | ImageSize = 250 | ImageClass = skin-invert | ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of decane | ImageFile1 = DecaneFull.png | ImageFile1_Ref = | ImageSize1 = 250 | ImageClass1 = skin-invert | ImageAlt1 = Skeletal formula of decane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added | ImageFile2 = Decane 3D ball.png | ImageClass2 = bg-transparent | ImageSize2 = 250 | ImageFile2_Ref = | ImageAlt2 = Ball-and-stick model of the decane molecule | OtherNames = Decyl hydride | PIN = Decane | SystematicName = | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 124-18-5 | CASNo_Ref = | UNII_Ref = | UNII = NK85062OIY | PubChem = 15600 | ChemSpiderID = 14840 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = | EINECS = 204-686-4 | UNNumber = 2247 | DrugBank = DB02826 | DrugBank_Ref = | MeSHName = decane | ChEBI = 41808 | ChEBI_Ref = | ChEMBL = 134537 | ChEMBL_Ref = | RTECS = HD6550000 | Beilstein = 1696981 | SMILES = CCCCCCCCCC | StdInChI = 1S/C10H22/c1-3-5-7-9-10-8-6-4-2/h3-10H2,1-2H3 | StdInChI_Ref = | StdInChIKey = DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey_Ref = | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | C = 10 | H = 22 | Appearance = Colorless liquid | Odor = Gasoline-like (in high concentrations) | Density = 0.730 g mL−1 | MeltingPtK = 242.7 to 243.9 | BoilingPtK = 446.9 to 447.5 | LogP = 5.802 | VaporPressure = 195 Pa | HenryConstant = 2.1 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 | RefractIndex = 1.411–1.412 | ThermalConductivity = 0.1381 W m−1 K−1 (300 K) | Viscosity = {{plainlist|

  • 0.850 mPa·s (25 °C)
  • 0.920 mPa·s (20 °C)}} | MagSus = −119.74·10−6 cm3/mol | Section3 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | DeltaHf = −302.1 – −299.9 kJ mol−1 | DeltaHc = −6779.21 – −6777.45 kJ mol−1 | Entropy = 425.89 J K−1 mol−1 | HeatCapacity = 315.46 J K−1 mol−1 | Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = Flammable, moderately toxic | ExternalSDS = hazard.com | GHSPictograms =
    | GHSSignalWord = DANGER | HPhrases = | PPhrases = | NFPA-H = 1 | NFPA-F = 2 | NFPA-R = 0 | FlashPtC = 46.0 | AutoignitionPtC = 210.0 | ExploLimits = 0.8–2.6% | LD50 = | Section5 = {{Chembox Related | OtherFunction_label = alkanes | OtherFunction = | Section6 = Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C10H22. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("n-decane"), with the formula CH3(CH2)8CH3. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition. These isomers are flammable liquids. Decane is present in small quantities (less than 1%) in gasoline (petrol) and kerosene. Like other alkanes, it is a nonpolar solvent, and does not dissolve in water, and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes.

Reactions

Decane undergoes combustion, just like other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, it burns to form water and carbon dioxide.

:2 C10H22 + 31 O2 → 20 CO2 + 22 H2O With insufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is also formed.

It can be manufactured in the laboratory without fossil fuels.

Physical properties

It has a surface tension of 0.0238 N·m−1.

References

References

  1. (16 September 2004). "decane - Compound Summary". National Center for Biotechnology Information.
  2. (1999). "Chemical Properties Handbook". McGraw-Hill.
  3. Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
  4. (1994). "Viscosity of Selected Liquid n-Alkanes". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data.
  5. "75 Isomers of Decane".
  6. "Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name".
  7. "n-Decane (Annotation)". National Center for Biotechnology Information.
  8. (15 June 2000). "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry". Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
  9. "Method for preparing n-decane at normal pressure".
  10. ''[http://www.kruss.de/en/theory/substance-properties/liquids.html Website of Krüss] {{Webarchive. link. (2013-12-01 '' (8.10.2009))

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alkanes