Daqing

Quality 0.50 · 2 views · Updated 2 months ago

Prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang, China

title: "Daqing" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["daqing", "cities-in-heilongjiang", "prefecture-level-divisions-of-heilongjiang"] description: "Prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang, China" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daqing" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang, China ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

Field	Value
name	Daqing
settlement_type	Prefecture-level city
native_name	大庆市
native_name_lang	zh-Hans
image_skyline	三永湖灯塔2017夏.jpg
image_caption	Around Sanyong Lake, 2017
image_map	Location of Daqing Prefecture within Heilongjiang (China).png
map_caption	Location of Daqing City (yellow) in Heilongjiang (light gray) and China
pushpin_map	China Heilongjiang#China
pushpin_map_caption	Location of the city centre in Heilongjiang
pushpin_mapsize	240
subdivision_type	Country
subdivision_name	People's Republic of China
subdivision_type1	Province
subdivision_name1	Heilongjiang
subdivision_type2	County-level divisions
subdivision_name2	9
seat_type	Municipal seat
seat	Sartu District
government_type	Prefecture-level city
leader_title	CPC Daqing Secretary
leader_name	Han Lihua (韩立华)
leader_title1	Mayor
leader_name1	He Zhonghua (何忠华)
area_urban_km2	5107
area_total_km2	22161
area_metro_km2	2734.6
population_as_of	2020 census
population_footnotes
population_total	2781562
population_density_km2	auto
population_urban	1754655
population_density_urban_km2	auto
population_metro	1574389
population_density_metro_km2	auto
demographics_type2	GDP
demographics2_title1	Prefecture-level city
demographics2_info1	CN¥ 298.4 billion
US$ 47.9 billion
demographics2_title2	Per capita
demographics2_info2	CN¥ 107,419
US$ 17,247
timezone	China Standard
utc_offset	+8
coordinates
coor_pinpoint	Daqing municipal government
elevation_footnotes
elevation_m	149
postal_code_type	Postal code
postal_code	163000
area_code	0459
blank_name	Licence plates
blank_info	黑E
iso_code	CN-HL-06
blank4_name	Climate
blank4_info	Dwa
website
::

Its population was 2,781,562 as of the 2020 census, of whom 1,574,389 lived in the built-up (or metro) area in four out of the total of five urban districts: Sartu, Longfeng, Ranghulu and Honggang.According to the sample survey of 5‰ population changes in 2024, the resident population of the city at the end of the year was 2.663 million, a decrease of 37,000 compared with the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 1.996 million and the rural population is 667,000.

History

The region now known as Daqing Prefecture was a reasonably insignificant place until the Qing dynasty, known only as an unsettled hunting ground of Dörbet Oirat tribes due to its wetland and prairies. The region began to grow slightly after the Russian Empire constructed the Chinese Eastern Railway (KVZhD) through the area in 1898. The railway has a station at Sartu in today's Sartu District. It was not until 1959 that oil was discovered in the region as part of the large scale oil exploration put into motion across the Northeast China Plain.

The Daqing oilfield was discovered in the late 1950s, and drilling began in 1958. A town with the same name was founded in 1959 to house workers extracting oil and gas from the oilfield and to host industries which could take advantage of the energy and petrochemicals, shortly before the 10th anniversary of the founding of the PRC. The oilfield and the town had the same administrative body until 1983.

The successful construction of the Daqing oil field despite harsh weather conditions and supply limitations became a model held up by the Party as an example during subsequent industrialization campaigns. The project also delivered critical economic benefits because without the production of the Daqing oil field, crude oil would have been severely limited after the Soviet Union cut off supplies as a result of the Sino-Soviet split.

Original plans for Daqing included the development of a "new socialist mining district" (rather than a city) with families in which the husband would work in industry and the wife would work in agriculture. Ultimately, the city expanded incrementally with clusters forming around developing refineries and oil wells. All settlements used a single-story mud technique called scientific gandalei, with multistory brick buildings being introduced in the late 1960s.

The name Daqing literally means "Great Celebration". On 26 May 1960, Anda City was established at former Anda town (today's Anda City in Suihua prefecture), administering Daqing oilfield area. Five months later, the administrative organs of the oilfield relocated in Sartu. On 23 June 1964, the city was established Anda special administrative region, with Anda county administering its surrounding area.

The first two years of the Cultural Revolution resulted in major disruptions to China's petroleum industry and an oil shortage by 1967. In March of that year, the People's Liberation Army was called to Daqing to maintain order so that oil production could proceed. This made Daqing one of the first places brought under military control during the Cultural Revolution. In May 1968, the Daqing Revolutionary Committee was established. Iron Man Wang Jinxi became its vice director. The oil field continued to be a major driver of economic growth during the Cultural Revolution period.

In the mid-1970s, Daqing was administratively organised into three large towns (about 50,000 people each) along the major railway, 60 industrial-agricultural villages (about 10,000 people each), and 164 "residential points" around the villages.

The Daqing Oil District became a city in 1980. Its first master plan set a goal of growing Daqing into "a new industrial city" through a development strategy of "relative dispersion with several modest concentrations. Academic Hou Li summarizes that as a result "new settlements became much more concentrated. The three existing towns, thirty-four central villages, and 260 settlement points were restructured into six workers' towns, twenty-four central villages, and twenty-seven resident villages."

The city revised its master plan in 1989, setting a new goal of building an oil city centered in Saertu, Dongfeng, and Longfeng. This plan shifted Daqing's urban planning focus away from decentralization to centralization.

In 1990, the city received the top recognition in the Heilongjiang Province Science and Technology Awards. In 1994, its population reached one million. After the mid-1990s, urban expansion in Saertu was halted in order to provide more space for oil production. Urban construction was instead transferred to East Town and West Town areas.

Daqing has been advocated as a model of good practice in industry and healthcare by the Chinese government.

Learn from Daqing in industry

The fact that Mao Zedong promulgated his Supreme Directive, Learn from Daqing in Industry, in the 1960s reflects how important a role Daqing has historically played in industry in China. Learn from Daqing in industry () was a slogan during the Cultural Revolution telling the people to use the city as an example for industrial production.

Daqing was promoted as a model communist industrial city. Daqing's development had resulted in an integration of rural and urban and community self-sufficiency. Premier Zhou Enlai summarized its achievements with the phrase, "Integration of workers and peasants, integration of urban and rural areas, good for production, and convenient for livelihood." Equality was achieved through distribution of resources, public land management, standardised housing, and communal work. Men worked in the oil fields and received state salaries and pensions. Women and older children worked in agricultural production and supplied food for the community. As mechanisation of agriculture increased over time, small factories were established. Students participated in production, either through agriculture or work-studfy in factories. Services like public canteens, medical clinics, nurseries, and schools were collectively run.

The film Entrepreneurial Pioneers (创业), made in the early 1970s, is a literary rendition of the history of Daqing. During the Mao era, Daqing's agricultural counterpart was Dazhai, a village in the hilly Xiyang county, Shanxi Province, for which Chairman Mao issued the directive In agriculture, learn from Dazhai, also in the 1960s.

Administrative divisions

Daqing is divided into 9 county-level divisions: 5 districts, 3 counties and 1 autonomous county.

::data[format=table] | Map | Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | | | | | | | | | Sartu District | 萨尔图区 | Sà'ěrtú Qū | 328,808 | 549 | 599 | | | Longfeng District | 龙凤区 | Lóngfèng Qū | 352,404 | 510 | 691 | | | Ranghulu District | 让胡路区 | Rànghúlù Qū | 564,534 | 1,394 | 405 | | | Datong District | 大同区 | Dàtóng Qū | 234,557 | 2,235 | 105 | | | Honggang District | 红岗区 | Hónggǎng Qū | 169,522 | 812 | 209 | | | Zhaozhou County | 肇州县 | Zhàozhōu Xiàn | 387,463 | 2,445 | 158 | | | Zhaoyuan County | 肇源县 | Zhàoyuán Xiàn | 388,828 | 4,198 | 93 | | | Lindian County | 林甸县 | Líndiàn Xiàn | 244,578 | 3,591 | 68 | | | Dorbod Mongol Autonomous County | 杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县 | Dù'ěrbótè Měnggǔzú Zìzhìxiàn | 233,838 | 6,427 | 36 | | ::

Climate

Located in the north temperate zone, Daqing has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa) and is affected by the Siberian high and the East Asian monsoon. Generally, winter is bitterly cold with occasional snowfalls, and spring and autumn are prevailed by monsoons. The vast majority of the annual rainfall occurs during summer. The diurnal temperature variation can be up to 14 C-change during the growing period. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −18.5 °C in January to 23.3 °C in July, and the annual mean is +4.2 °C. A majority of the annual precipitation falls in July and August alone. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 53% in July to 70% in February, the city receives 2,726 hours of bright sunshine annually. Extreme temperature ranges from -39.2 °C to 39.8 °C

Demographics

Daqing has a population of 2.9 million, mainly Han Chinese, with a small population of 31 minority ethnic groups, including Manchu, Mongolian, Korean, and Hui nationalities. The population density is 112.69/km2, in urban areas 205.07/km2.

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Iron_Man_First_Oil_Well_2017_summer.jpg" caption="Well Sa-55 first drilled by Wang Jinxi and his colleagues"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/大庆油田第三采油厂抽油机1-2017.jpg" caption="Wildcat in Daqing"] ::

Daqing's economy highly depends on petroleum and related industries. Daqing's oilfield is China's largest and the world's fourth most productive. Petroleum accounts for 60.8% of GDP. In 2011, Daqing's gross domestic product (GDP) was RMB374 billion yuan, representing a rise of 12.1% year on year. Primary industries output (including agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and the fisheries) increased by 13.5% to RMB13.29 billion. Secondary and value-added industries and construction output experienced an increase of 10.1%, reaching RMB307 billion, while the tertiary industry output increased 22.9% to RMB53.74 billion. In 2015 Daqing had a GDP of RMB 298.35 billion.

Foreign trade

Daqing exports over 10 million tons of crude oil each year. Over 160 varieties of paraffin wax, ethylene, tar oil and benzene are exported to more than 10 nations and regions including the US, the UK, Thailand and Hong Kong.

In 2011, total import and export volume in Daqing reached US$2.16 billion, up by 40.1%. Export volume was US$550 million and import volume was US$1.61 billion. Daqing's main exports include six categories of petrochemical products, construction materials, processed foodstuffs, office furniture and mechanical and electronic equipment.

Banking and insurance

There were 32 banking institutions in Daqing by the end of 2006; none were foreign-invested banks. In 2011, savings deposits in Renminbi and foreign exchange totaled 170.5 billion RMB. The local finance sector plays an important role in building up Daqing's Century Oilfield and in developing new industries.

The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Agricultural Bank, China Construction Bank, Bank of China, China Communications Bank, the Everbright Bank, Guangdong Development Bank, the Daqing Urban Commercial Bank, Daqing Rural Credit Cooperative Union and the County Urban Credit Cooperative are the major banks serving Daqing.

Transportation

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/大庆客运枢纽站2017夏.jpg" caption="Daqing Passenger Hub"] ::

Railway

Daqing is a major railway hub in western Heilongjiang province and is located on the junction of Harbin-Manzhouli Railway and Tongliao-Ranghulu Railway. Daqing has three major railway stations: Daqing station, Daqing West station (formerly Ranghulu railway station) and Daqing East station. Trains from Daqing connect the city with Beijing, Harbin, Dalian and several other cities in China. The newly built Harbin–Qiqihar Intercity Railway has stops at both Daqing West station and Daqing East station.

Airport

Main article: Daqing Sartu Airport

Daqing Sartu Airport was opened on 1 September 2009. There are flights to several large cities including Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Qingdao and Shanghai.

Highway

Daqing is linked to the national highway network through the G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway and G10 Suifenhe-Manzhouli Expressway.

Culture

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/大庆博物馆侧面2017夏.jpg" caption="Daqing Museum"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/大庆铁人王进喜纪念馆入口2017夏.jpg" caption="The Iron Man Wang Jinxi Memorial Hall"] ::

Daqing spirit

Generated by the history of the city, Daqing has a culture centering around the "Daqing Spirit, the Daqing People," which is said to represent deep personal commitment in pursuing national goals, self-sufficient and frugal living, and urban-rural integrated land use. Daqing's urban-rural landscape was said to embody the ideal communist society described by Karl Marx because it eliminated (1) the gap between town and country, (2) the gap between workers and peasants, and (3) the gap between manual and mental labor.

"Daqing Spirit, Daqing People" was the title of an April 20, 1964 article in People's Daily which extolled the success of Daqing oil field workers. The most influential of many articles praising Daqing that appeared in state media around that time, "Daqing Spirit, Daqing People" was the first text to compare Daqing to Yan'an, the revolutionary base area where the Communist Party re-grouped following the Long March before going on to win the Chinese Civil War.

Wang Jinxi (, known as "Iron Man" Wang), a petroleum worker on the Daqing Oilfield who led No. 1205 drilling team, was honored as a national hero due to his contributions to the petroleum industry of China. Daqing was established by the central government as a model for the secondary industry during the 1960s. In order to illuminate the entrepreneurial history of Daqing and its people, several films were made by companies in China.

In 1964, chief director of the Central Experimental Theater Sun Weishi and her husband, the actor Jin Shan, traveled to Daqing to live and work with the oil workers and their families. The next year, the Communist Party journal Red Flag published an article by Sun which praised the Daqing people. After living in Daqing for two years, Sun Weishi returned to Beijing to produce the play The Rising Sun, which was based on the experiences of people in Daqing, particularly Daqing women.

Sports

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Daqing_Olympic_Park_Stadium_cropped_01.jpg" caption="Daqing Olympic Park Stadium"] ::

The most popular sport in Daqing is association football. The largest sports venue by capacity is the 32,000-capacity Daqing Olympic Park Stadium. The city also has an indoor speed skating arena.

Sister Cities

Domestic

Dongying, Jinan
Karamay, Xinjiang

International

South Africa East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Canada Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Russia Tyumen, Tyumen Oblast, Russia
South Korea Chungju, North Chungcheong, South Korea

References

"China: Hēilóngjiāng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
Hou, Li. (2021). "Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State". [[Harvard University Asia Center]].
link. Netease. (16 September 2014)
"(黑龙江省)2024年大庆市国民经济和社会发展统计公报-红黑统计公报库".
link
Lin, Zhongjie. (2025). "Constructing Utopias: China's New Town Movement in the 21st Century". [[Oxford University Press]].
Meyskens, Covell F.. (2020). "Mao's Third Front: The Militarization of Cold War China". [[Cambridge University Press]].
Harrell, Stevan. (2023). "An Ecological History of Modern China". [[University of Washington Press]].
"The Industry Learns From Daqing...". Chineseposters.net.
[[Jonathan Spence. Spence]]'s ''[[The Search for Modern China]]''. 2nd Edition, pages: 563, 564, 605, 606, 619
Spence's "The Search for Modern China" 2nd Edition, p.562
link. [[China Meteorological Administration]]
link. Government of Daqing. (9 May 2011)
link. Daqing Municipal Bureau of Statistics
link
"Daqing Business Guide - Economic Overview". echinacities.com.
link
[http://www.hktdc.com/info/mi/a/mpcn/en/1X074ADT/1/Profiles-Of-China-Provinces-Cities-And-Industrial-Parks/Daqing-Heilongjiang-City-Information.htm Profiles of China Provinces, Cities and Industrial Parks]
"What do you know about Calgary's six sister cities? {{!}} News".

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::