CSS Muscogee

---

title: "CSS Muscogee" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["ironclad-warships-of-the-confederate-states-navy", "georgia-(u.s.-state)-in-the-american-civil-war", "shipwrecks-on-the-national-register-of-historic-places-in-georgia-(u.s.-state)", "ships-built-in-georgia-(u.s.-state)", "1864-ships", "maritime-incidents-in-april-1865", "scuttled-vessels", "shipwrecks-in-rivers", "shipwrecks-of-the-american-civil-war", "national-register-of-historic-places-in-muscogee-county,-georgia"] description: "Confederate river warship of American Civil War" topic_path: "history/military" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Muscogee" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Confederate river warship of American Civil War ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox ship"]

Field	Value
section1	{{Infobox ship/image
image	CSS Muscogee.jpg
image_caption	The incomplete CSS Jackson on the Chattahoochee River, shortly after December 22, 1864
section2	{{Infobox ship/career
country	Confederate States of America
flag
name	Muscogee
namesake	Muscogee people
renamed	Jackson, sometime in 1864
builder	Columbus Navy Yard, Columbus, Georgia
laid_down	1862
launched	December 22, 1864
fate	Burned, April 17, 1865
status	Wreck salvaged, 1962–1963; on display at the National Civil War Naval Museum, Columbus, Georgia
section3	{{Infobox ship/characteristics
type	Casemate ironclad
tonnage	1,250 tons
length	223 ft
beam	59 ft
draft	8 ft
power	4 × boilers
propulsion	2 × propellers; 2 × direct-acting steam engines
armament	*4 × 7 in Brooke rifles
armor	Casemate: 4 in
section4	{{Infobox NRHP
embed	yes
name	CSS Muscogee and Chattahoochee
added	May 13, 1970
refnum	70000212
::

::callout[type=note] the ironclad ram that operated on the Chattahoochee River ::

|section1={{Infobox ship/image |image=CSS Muscogee.jpg |image_caption=The incomplete CSS Jackson on the Chattahoochee River, shortly after December 22, 1864

|section2={{Infobox ship/career |hide_header= |country=Confederate States of America |flag= |name=Muscogee |namesake=Muscogee people |renamed=Jackson, sometime in 1864 |awarded= |builder=Columbus Navy Yard, Columbus, Georgia |original_cost= |laid_down=1862 |launched=December 22, 1864 |sponsor= |christened= |captured= |fate=Burned, April 17, 1865 |status=Wreck salvaged, 1962–1963; on display at the National Civil War Naval Museum, Columbus, Georgia |notes= |badge=

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header= |header_caption= |type=Casemate ironclad |tonnage=1,250 tons |length=223 ft |beam=59 ft |draft=8 ft |depth= |power=4 × boilers |propulsion=2 × propellers; 2 × direct-acting steam engines |speed= |range= |complement= |crew= |armament=*4 × 7 in Brooke rifles

• 2 × 6.4 in Brooke rifles |armor= Casemate: 4 in

|section4={{Infobox NRHP | embed = yes | name = CSS Muscogee and Chattahoochee | nrhp_type = | added = May 13, 1970 | refnum = 70000212

'*CSS Muscogee''' was an casemate ironclad built in Columbus, Georgia for the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War. Her original paddle configuration was judged a failure when she could not be launched on the first attempt in 1864. She had to be rebuilt to use dual propeller propulsion. Later renamed CSS *Jackson'' and armed with four 7-inch (178 mm) and two 6.4-inch (163 mm) cannons. She was captured while still fitting out and was set ablaze by Union troops in April 1865. Her wreck was salvaged in 1962–1963 and turned over to the National Civil War Naval Museum in Columbus for display. The ironclad's remains were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

Background and description

Muscogee was originally built as a sister ship to the casemate ironclad paddle steamer CSS Missouri, to a rough design by the Chief Naval Constructor, John L. Porter, as a sternwheel-powered ironclad. She proved to be too heavy to be launched on January 1, 1864, and had to be reconstructed and lengthened to a modified CSS Albemarle-class design, based on Porter's advice during his visit to the ironclad on January 23.

As part of the reconstruction, the ironclad was lengthened to 223 ft overall after a new fantail was built on the stern. She had a beam of 59 ft and a draft of 8 ft. The removal of her sternwheel allowed her casemate to be shortened by 54 ft, which saved a considerable amount of weight. The ironclad had a gross register tonnage of 1,250 tons.

As originally designed, Muscogee was propelled by a sternwheel that was partially enclosed by a recess at the aft end of the casemate; the upper portion of the paddle wheel protruded above the casemate and would have been exposed to enemy fire. The sternwheel was probably powered by a pair of inclined two-cylinder direct-acting steam engines taken from the steamboat Time using steam provided by four return-flue boilers to the engines. As part of her reconstruction, Times engines were replaced by a pair of single-cylinder, horizontal direct-acting steam engines from the adjacent Columbus Naval Iron Works, each of which drove a single 7 ft propeller; the original boilers appear to have been retained.

Muscogees casemate was built with ten gun ports, two each at the bow and stern and three on the broadside. The ship was armed with four 7 in and two 6.4 in Brooke rifles. The fore and aft cannons were on pivot gun mounts. The 7-inch guns weighed about 15300 lb and fired 110 lb shells. The equivalent statistics for the 6.4-inch gun were 10700 lb with 95 lb shells. The casemate was protected by 4 in of wrought-iron armor, and the armor plates on the deck and sides of the fantail were 2 in thick.

History

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/NH_45769_CSS_Muscogee.jpg" caption="The hull of ''Jackson'' after recovery"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/21-18-103-propeller.jpg" caption="CSS ''Jackson''{{'}}s propeller at the [[National Civil War Naval Museum"] ::

Muscogee was laid down during 1862 at the Columbus Naval Yard at Columbus, Georgia, on the banks of the Chattahoochee River.

On April 17, 1865, after the Union's Wilson's Raiders captured the city during the Battle of Columbus, Georgia, Jackson was set ablaze by Union troops while still fitting out and had her moorings cut. The ship drifted downriver some 30 mi and ran aground on a sandbar. She was not thought to be worth salvaging because of the fire damage, but the Army Corps of Engineers dredged around her wreck in 1910 and salvaged her machinery. A Union cavalry officer's report of the ironclad's condition at the time of her capture said that she had four cannon aboard and had a solid oak ram 15 ft deep. The only detail about her armor that he recorded was that it curved over the edge of the deck and extended below the waterline.

Recovery

CSS Jacksons remains were raised in two pieces; the 106 ft stern section in 1962 and the 74 ft bow section the following year. They were then placed on exhibit at the National Civil War Naval Museum in Columbus. A thick metal white frame outline, indicating the various dimensions of Jacksons original fore and aft deck arrangements and armored casemate, is now erected directly above the hull's wooden remains to simulate for visitors the ironclad's original size and shapes. The ship's fantail, which was stored outside in a pole barn, was partially destroyed in a fire on 1 June 2020.

The ironclad was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 13, 1970.

References

Citations

Bibliography

References

1. Bisbee, pp. 162, 176; Holcombe, p. 213
2. "Save the Fantail". National Civil War Naval Museum.
3. Silverstone, p. 153
4. Bisbee, pp. 13–14, 18, 176
5. Silverstone, p. xx
6. The first attempt to launch her failed on January 1, 1864, despite the high water on the river and the assistance of the steamboat ''Mariana''. Porter came down afterwards to examine the ironclad and recommended that she be rebuilt with screw propulsion rather than the sternwheel. She was finally launched on December 22, having been renamed ''Jackson'' at some point during the year. A shortage of iron plate greatly hindered the ironclad's completion.Canney, p. 68
7. Bisbee, p. 177
8. Canney, p. 69
9. (16 April 2013). "Civil War Naval Museum". Auburn University School of Communication.
10. "CSS Jackson". National Civil War Naval Museum.
11. "C.S.S. Muscogee and Chattahoochee (gunboats)". [[National Park Service]].

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::