Collemopsidium

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Genus of lichens

title: "Collemopsidium" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["xanthopyreniaceae", "dothideomycetes-genera", "taxa-named-by-william-nylander-(botanist)", "taxa-described-in-1881"] description: "Genus of lichens" topic_path: "general/xanthopyreniaceae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collemopsidium" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of lichens ::

| image = 2015-08-10 Collemopsidium foveolatum (A.L. Sm.) F. Mohr 545932.jpg | image_caption = Collemopsidium foveolatum on barnacles in Lourinhã, Portugal. The fungus is visible as black dots on the shell. | taxon = Collemopsidium | authority = Nyl. (1881) | type_species = Collemopsidium iocarpum | type_species_authority = (Nyl.) Nyl. (1881) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 18 species; see text | synonyms_ref = | synonyms = *Collemopsidiomyces Cif. & Tomas. (1953)

Collemopsidium is a genus of fungi in the family Xanthopyreniaceae. Some members of this genus are marine species, and described as "borderline lichens" or "algicolous" fungi.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1881, with Collemopsidium iocarpum assigned as the type species.

Description

Species of Collemopsidium form what are known as "borderline lichens" – relatively loose symbiotic associations between fungi and photosynthetic partners. The fungal portion develops an extremely thin thallus (body) that can either grow on the surface of the or be completely embedded within it. When growing on the surface, the thallus appears orange-brown, smooth, and shiny. Some species may develop black (blackened) ridges.

The photosynthetic partner is typically Hyella caespitosa, a type of cyanobacterium that contains an orange pigment. While this cyanobacterium normally grows as filaments when living freely on mollusk shells, within the lichen partnership it usually exists as single cells measuring 3–10 micrometres in diameter. These cells may be evenly scattered throughout the thallus or concentrated in clumps, giving the lichen a blotchy appearance. In some specimens growing on shells or limestone, the photosynthetic partner may be absent.

The fungal reproductive structures (ascomata) can occur either singly or in groups and feature a black carbonaceous protective covering (). Each reproductive structure contains spore-producing sacs (asci) with eight spores that are divided into two cells (one-septate). The internal structure includes intricately branched and persistent thread-like filaments (). The species also commonly produce smaller spore-containing structures called pycnidia, which externally resemble miniature versions of the main reproductive structures. No secondary metabolite have been detected in these lichens.

Habitat and distribution

Collemopsidium species are nearly cosmopolitan in distribution, occurring along tropical, subtropical, temperate, and arctic coastlines in both hemispheres. They display considerable tolerance to variations in temperature and salinity. These lichens can be found in the eulittoral (intertidal) and littoral fringe zones, growing on both siliceous and calcareous rock as well as on the shells of various marine organisms. Records show they colonise at least 61 different species of molluscs and barnacles, mostly in the intertidal zone, though some host species like periwinkles (Littorina) can live quite high in the littoral fringe.

The significantly influences their growth patterns. On siliceous rock, the thallus always grows on the surface, and the reproductive structures remain above the substrate. On calcareous rock and shells, the thallus may grow either on the surface or become embedded within the substrate, with reproductive structures that can be either surface-level or immersed. Different forms are commonly found growing side by side on the same substrate. While the lichens do not appear to harm their living substrates, they can alter the nature of shell matrices, sometimes affecting shell appearance to such an extent that it causes taxonomic confusion in limpet species.

Limestone shores typically show less distinct zonation of lichens in the eulittoral and littoral fringe zones compared to siliceous shores, and display lower species diversity. However, Collemopsidium species often achieve higher coverage on limestone shores due to their ability to grow within the substrate, allowing them to persist despite erosion.

Species

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Collemopsidium_sublitorale_62764706.jpg" caption="The perithecia of the "borderline lichen" species ''C. sublitorale'' appear as black dots on the surface of barnacle shells."] ::

, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept 18 species. of Collemopsidium:

References

References

  1. (1919). "Der Thallus der Kalkflechten mit ''Chroolepus''-, ''Scytonema''- und ''Xanthocapsa''-Gonidien". Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum.
  2. "''Collemopsidium''".
  3. (2008). "New species and combinations in The Lichens of the British Isles". The Lichenologist.
  4. (2020). "First checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Mauritius, with phylogenetic analyses and description of new taxa". Plant and Fungal Systematics.
  5. (1955). "Lichenological notes on the flora of the Antarctic Continent and the subantarctic islands. I-IV". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden.
  6. Grube, M.. (2005). "''Frigidopyrenia'' – a new genus for a peculiar subarctic lichen, with notes on similar taxa". Phyton.
  7. (2004). "A Checklist of Lichens and Lichen-allies of Japan". Lichenology.
  8. (2017). "''Collemopsidium kostikovii'' sp. nov., a new algicolous fungus on terricolous cyanobacteria crust from Ukraine". Ukrainskiy Botanichnyi Zhurnal.
  9. McCarthy, P.M.. (2009). "New combinations of Australian ''Collemopsidium'' Nyl. (Ascomycota, Xanthopyreniaceae)". Australasian Lichenology.
  10. (2004). "Evolution and taxonomy of the marine ''Collemopsidium'' species (lichenized Ascomycota) in north-west Europe". Mycological Research.
  11. (2002). "Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region". Lichens Unlimited.
  12. Nordin, A.. (2002). "''Collemopsidium angermannicum'', a widespread but rarely collected aquatic lichen". Graphis Scripta.
  13. (1881). "Addenda nova ad Lichenographiam europaeam. Contin. XXXV". Flora (Regensburg).
  14. (2010). "Additional lichen records from Subantarctica. 2. New taxa and combinations from Îles Kerguelen, Prince Edward Islands and Heard Island". Australasian Lichenology.
  15. (2016). "Hidden diversity of marine borderline lichens and a new order of fungi: Collemopsidiales (Dothideomyceta)". Fungal Diversity.
  16. "Synonymy. Current Name: ''Collemopsidium'' Nyl., Flora, Regensburg 64: 6 (1881)". [[Species Fungorum]].
  17. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere.

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xanthopyreniaceaedothideomycetes-generataxa-named-by-william-nylander-(botanist)taxa-described-in-1881