Coll

Quality 0.50 · 1 view · Updated 2 months ago

Island and parish in Scotland

title: "Coll" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["coll", "islands-of-the-inner-hebrides", "ramsar-sites-in-scotland", "special-protection-areas-in-scotland", "royal-society-for-the-protection-of-birds-reserves-in-scotland", "islands-of-argyll-and-bute", "parishes-in-argyll"] description: "Island and parish in Scotland" topic_path: "geography/united-kingdom" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Island and parish in Scotland ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox Scottish island"]

FieldValue
location_mapScotland Argyll and Bute
coordinates
captionColl shown within Argyll and Bute
GridReferenceNM207584
celtic nameCola
gaelic pronunciation
meaning of namePre-Celtic and unclear
ImageColl.jpg
ImageCaptionView of Arinagour
area7685 ha
area rank18
highest elevationBen Hogh 106 m
Population176
population rank37
population density2.3 PD/km2
main settlementArinagour
island groupMull
local authorityArgyll and Bute
references
embedyes
designation1Ramsar
designation1_date31 March 1995
designation1_number723}}
::

::callout[type=note] the Scottish island ::

|location_map=Scotland Argyll and Bute |coordinates = |caption=Coll shown within Argyll and Bute |GridReference=NM207584 |celtic name=Cola |gaelic pronunciation= |norse name= |meaning of name=Pre-Celtic and unclear |Image= Coll.jpg |ImageCaption= View of Arinagour |area= 7685 ha |area rank=18 |highest elevation=Ben Hogh 106 m |Population=176 |population rank=37 |population density =2.3 PD/km2 |main settlement=Arinagour |island group=Mull |local authority=Argyll and Bute |references= | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 31 March 1995 | designation1_number = 723}}

Coll (; ) is an island located west of the Isle of Mull and northeast of Tiree in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. Coll is known for its sandy beaches, which rise to form large sand dunes, for its corncrakes, and for Breacachadh Castle. It is in the council area of Argyll and Bute. Arinagour is the main settlement on Coll. There is a ferry terminal on the island which connects it with the mainland of Scotland. Coll also has a small airport. The island is rural in nature and has been awarded Dark Sky status.

Geology

Coll is formed largely from gneiss forming the Lewisian complex, a suite of metamorphic rocks of Archaean to early Proterozoic age. The eastern part of the island is traversed by numerous normal faults most of which run broadly northwest–southeast. Dolerite and camptonite dykes of Permo-Carboniferous or Tertiary age are also seen in the east of the island. Quaternary sediments include raised beach deposits which are frequent around Coll's coastline whilst stretches of alluvium occupy some low inland areas. There are considerable areas of blown sand in the west and along stretches of the north coast and of peat southwest from Arinagour.

Geography

Coll is about 13 mi long by 3 mi wide. It had a population of 176 according to the 2022 Census. This was a decline from 195 in 2011. Coll's sandy beaches rise to form large sand dunes. The highest point on Coll is Ben Hogh in the mid-west of the island, which is a ridge with two tops running northwest to southeast. It rises initially to a height of 104 m, with a triangulation pillar, and to 106 m 450 m to the southeast.

Settlements

Arinagour (), Other inhabited locations include:

  • Acha (), a crofting settlement located 5 km south-west of Arinagour.
  • Arileod (), located on the west coast; 7 km south-west of Arinagour.
  • Arnabost (),
  • Ballyhaugh (), located on the northern part of Hough Bay; 5 km west of Arinagour.
  • Bousd (), located 7 km north-east of Arinagour.
  • Clabhach (), located on the north-west coast; 5 km north-west of Arinagour.
  • Cornaigmore
  • Crossapol (), located on the south-west coast.
  • Grishipoll
  • Sorisdale
  • Totronald (), located on the west coast 7 km southwest of Arinagour.
  • Uig (), located 1 km north-east of the head of Loch Breachacha.

Etymology

It has been suggested that Coll is derived from Gaelic coll, meaning 'hazel'. However, the name is given as Colosus in the Life of St Columba by Adamnán, the seventh century abbot of Iona. As /s/ between vowels had been lost in Celtic before Adamnán's time, Watson suggests that Colosus may represent a pre-Celtic name. Richard Coates has proposed that the name may be related to Greek kolossós and may have referred to a humanoid standing stone located on the island, like those still seen on North Uist and Lewis. As Kolossós is not originally a Greek word, Coates suggests that the name could have been given to Coll at a time when the kolossói of Mediterranean culture were well-known, or named "by speakers of a language in which the ancestor of the word was the native term." In Icelandic, the word kollur (Old Norse: kollr, Norwegian: koll or kolle) means "a rounded protrusion, such as a rounded mountaintop, or a tussock".

History

Early history

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Dùn_Beic_(photo,_c.1900).jpg" caption="Dùn Beic (in about 1900), one of several Dùn on Coll traditionally claimed to have been Norse strongholds."] ::

In the 6th century, an Irish invasion led to the establishment of the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata, which included Coll. Dál Riata was divided into four kin-groups, of which the Cenél Loairn ruled Coll, Mull, and the adjacent mainland, which together consequently became known as Lorn, after them. Coll shared the history of Lorn for the next 1000 years, becoming part of the Kingdom of the Isles under Norwegian dominion, then the MacDougall subdivision of that kingdom after Somerled.

Coll, like other Hebridean islands, has several crannógs (artificial islands) located in some of its lochs, dating from this early period. It is difficult to estimate the exact age of these islands, but several are thought to date to the Norse period; local traditions describe three – Dùn Anlaimh, Dùn an Achaidh, Dùn Dubh – as having been Norse strongholds which survived until they were attacked by the Macleans.

The 1266 Treaty of Perth transferred the Norwegian crown dependency to the Scottish king. Following the MacDougall defeat in the dispute between king John Balliol and Robert de Bruys (they had backed the former), the position of sheriff of Argyll was created to have shrieval authority over Lorn, and the MacDougall lands were merged into the Lordship of the Isles. Though MacDougall authority was restored in 1357, by king David II, the MacDougall heir had 3 years previously, quitclaimed any rights to Mull (including Coll), which therefore remained with the Lord of the Isles.

In 1549 Dean Monro wrote of Coll that it was: :"ane mane fertile Ile inhabite and manurit, with an castell and ane paroch kirk in it, gude for fishing and fowlers, with ane utter fine Falcons nest in it". He wrote of Rum: :"It pertains to McKenabrey of Coll".

In the 15th century, the island came under the ownership of the MacLeans of Coll who constructed Breachacha Castle. The MacLeans exercised baronial control of the island until 1848. The Maclean ownership of the castle was sold in 1851.

Departure

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Derelict_house_at_Sorisdale_-geograph.org.uk-_808271.jpg" caption="Derelict house at Sorisdale"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Journal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Antiquaries_of_Ireland_(1899)_(14598330869).jpg" caption="Map of [[Tiree]] (bottom, southwest) and Coll (top, northeast), 1899."] ::

In the late 18th century there were about 1,000 people supported by agriculture and fishing. The process took place alongside the clearances where many were removed from their land. In Coll, overpopulation was cited as a factor.

Present day

In the 2011 census, the island's population was recorded as 195, representing an increase over the previous decade of nearly 19% During the same period Scottish island populations as a whole grew by 4% (to 103,702).

In December 2013, Coll secured 'dark skies' status, the second location in Scotland. The island has no street lights and little other light pollution, allowing unobstructed views of the night sky on clear nights. In winter the Northern Lights are often visible.

In January 2024, Coll experienced a 3.3 magnitude earthquake according to the British Geological Survey.

Transport

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Heathrow_it_ain't^_-geograph.org.uk-_1449133.jpg" caption="Coll airport"] ::

There are only two main roads on Coll. The main hub of the island is the island's largest settlement, Arinagour. Just over a kilometre (0.7 miles) south of Arinagour is the Caledonian MacBrayne ferry terminal. The ferry travels from Oban to Coll to Tiree; and a return trip from Tiree, to Coll, to Oban. The ferry between Oban and Castlebay on Barra goes via Coll and Tiree once a week.

The airport on the island, is located between Uig and Arileod. Highland Airways who originally operated the route to Oban went into administration in 2010, but a new operator, Hebridean Air Services now operates the route under a PSO with flights to Oban, Tiree and Colonsay. The aircraft used for the flights are a BN2 Islander (G-HEBS). Hebridean headquarters are at Cumbernauld Airport, North Lanarkshire.

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Project_Trust,The_Hebridean_Centre-geograph.org.uk-_30885.jpg" caption="Project Trust centre"] ::

Agriculture, primarily land owned farming as opposed to crofting is one of the major employment areas on the island. There are also a few fishing vessels that operate from the island.

The Isle of Coll's community centre, An Cridhe, and hostel, Coll Bunkhouse was opened in July 2012 by Princess Anne. Owned and managed by the community-led organisation Development Coll, the new facilities were built to provide much needed amenities on the island and a social hub for the local community. An Cridhe now hosts a series of annual events such as a half marathon, the Coll Show, a basking shark festival, a bird festival and a chamber music festival, as well as a range of music, comedy, theatre and dance throughout the year. The centre also has a film club, Screen Coll. A remote outdoor disco is also held on the island.

In September 2024, it was reported that the island had one shop, one restaurant, one hotel and a post office in operation.

The charity Project Trust, which organises overseas volunteering and gap-years, has been based on the island since 1974. The founder, Nicholas Maclean-Bristol, also restored Breacachadh Castle. The island also has several tourist businesses.

Wildlife

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Corncrake,near_Arnabost-geograph.org.uk-_1342580.jpg" caption="A corncrake, near Arnabost"] ::

There is an extensive RSPB reserve towards the west end of the island. One of the main attractions is the rare corncrake, as well as Skylarks. Traditional local farming practices have helped this once common British bird to survive.

In the 1970s, scientists released sand lizards on Coll. There is also a small population of sand lizards, as much of 39 individuals were introduced by scientists to test whether they can survive so far north in the 1970s and are still thriving today.

In 2010, a colony of short-necked oil beetles was found on the island. The beetle, thought to be extinct in the UK, is now known only to occur in southern England and Coll. It is parasitic on ground-dwelling bees, and is also flightless, raising the question of how it arrived on the island. It does not appear to be found on neighbouring Tiree, possibly because of a difference in terrain. Modern farming methods had partly caused its demise elsewhere.Ross, John (16 July 2010) "Beetle mania as 'extinct' insect found on Scots isle". The Scotsman. Retrieved 19 July 2010.

In fiction

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Island_on_Loch_Renard_-geograph.org.uk-_1449893.jpg" caption="heather]] and a [[rowan tree]]."] ::

Mairi Hedderwick, the illustrator and author, used to live on Coll and has used the island as the setting for her Katie Morag series of children's books. In the books, Coll is known by the fictional name of the Isle of Struay.

In Alexander McCall Smith's The Charming Quirks of Others the protagonist, Isabelle Dalhousie, discusses Coll as a place for a honeymoon.

Notes

References

Bibliography

  • Munro, R. W. (1961) Electronic Monro's Western Isles of Scotland and Genealogies of the Clans. Edinburgh and London. Oliver and Boyd.
  • Watson, W. J. (1994) The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland. Edinburgh; Birlinn. . First published 1926.

References

  1. Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 118-122
  2. {{RESAS
  3. {{Ordnance Survey}}
  4. "Coll".
  5. Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 31
  6. "Tiree and Coll, Scotland sheet 42 and 51W (Solid and Drift)". British Geological Survey.
  7. "Onshore Geoindex".
  8. (2024-05-21). "Children on 'Katie Morag island' sing in Gaelic to Duke and Duchess".
  9. {{NRS1C
  10. "Arinagour". Gazetteer for Scotland.
  11. Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 1
  12. "Acha". [[Gazetteer for Scotland]].
  13. Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 8
  14. "Arileod". Gazetteer for Scotland.
  15. Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 14
  16. "Ballyhaugh". Gazetteer for Scotland.
  17. Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 21
  18. "Bousd". Gazetteer for Scotland.
  19. Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 29
  20. "Clabhach". Gazetteer for Scotland.
  21. Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 34
  22. "Totronald". Gazetteer for Scotland.
  23. "Totronald". Gazetteer for Scotland.
  24. Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 116
  25. "Uig". [[Gazetteer for Scotland]].
  26. Broderick, George. (2013). "Some Island Names in the Former 'Kingdom of the Isles': a reappraisal". The Journal of Scottish Name Studies.
  27. Coates, Richard. (2013). "Names in Multi-Lingual, Multi-Cultural and Multi-Ethnic Contact: Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Onomastic Sciences: August 17‒22, York University, Toronto, Canada". York University.
  28. Coates, Richard. (2009). "Names in Multi-Lingual, Multi-Cultural and Multi-Ethnic Contact: Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Onomastic Sciences: August 17‒22, York University, Toronto, Canada". York University.
  29. Coates, Richard. (2009). "Names in Multi-Lingual, Multi-Cultural and Multi-Ethnic Contact: Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Onomastic Sciences: August 17‒22, York University, Toronto, Canada". York University.
  30. Munro (1961) p. 66
  31. {{Historic Environment Scotland
  32. "Information about the Isle of Coll".
  33. Richards, Eric. (2023-01-09). "A History of the Highland Clearances". Routledge.
  34. {{GRO10
  35. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-23711202 "Scotland's 2011 census: Island living on the rise"]. BBC News. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  36. (9 December 2013). "Isle of Coll secures 'dark isle' status". BBC News.
  37. Thomson, Andrew. (2012-04-30). "Residents of Coll in bid for first 'dark isle' status". BBC News.
  38. Grant, Rachel. (2024-01-30). "Earthquake on Mull felt like a 'car hit house'".
  39. (December 2023). "Isle of Coll Tourist Guide Inner Hebrides Scottish Islands". iknow-scotland.co.uk.
  40. "Coll: Getting there/around". Caledonian MacBrayne.
  41. "Coll and Tiree timetable (25 October 2009 to 25 March 2010)". Caledonian MaBrayne.
  42. (25 March 2010). "Highland Airways goes into administration". BBC News.
  43. "Agriculture and fishing on Coll".
  44. (2012-07-09). "Royal opening for new Hebridean bunkhouse".
  45. Smith, Anna. (2024-09-20). "'A perfect place to build a film community': a tour of Scotland's island movie clubs".
  46. "My night at the world's most remote disco".
  47. (2024-07-12). "'World's remotest disco' returns to Coll in aid of Doddie and MND".
  48. Kerr, Moira (17 March 2008) "Charity plays vital role in survival of remote island". Aberdeen. ''Press and Journal''.
  49. link. (14 April 2011 Project Trust. Retrieved 5 April 2008.)
  50. "Coll". Gazetteer for Scotland.
  51. "Guide to Coll". RSBP.
  52. (2023-05-25). "Coll Nature Reserve, Argyll & Bute, Scotland".
  53. (2022-02-28). "Scotland's Secret Lizards".
  54. "Random House – Mairi Hedderwick".
  55. (2010). "The Charming Quirks of Others". Anchor Books.

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

collislands-of-the-inner-hebridesramsar-sites-in-scotlandspecial-protection-areas-in-scotlandroyal-society-for-the-protection-of-birds-reserves-in-scotlandislands-of-argyll-and-buteparishes-in-argyll