Christopher Busby

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British scientist

title: "Christopher Busby" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["british-chemists", "living-people", "1945-births", "alumni-of-the-university-of-london", "radiation-health-effects-researchers", "green-party-of-england-and-wales-politicians"] description: "British scientist" topic_path: "geography/united-kingdom" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Busby" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary British scientist ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Chris_Busby.jpg" caption="Busby in 2007"] ::

Christopher Busby (born 1 September 1945) is a British scientist primarily studying the health effects of internal ionising radiation. Busby was a director of Green Audit Limited, a now dissolved private company which published a number of his books and papers, and scientific advisor to the Low Level Radiation Campaign (LLRC).

Following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Busby established a television and internet presence where he discussed the risks of ionizing radiation and the Japanese Government's handling of the disaster. A Japanese language website marketed tests and a mineral supplement (dubbed an "anti-radiation" pill, and condemned by leading scientists as "useless") that Busby advised could mitigate the effects of ingested radioisotopes.

Career

Busby obtained a BSc in Chemistry with First Class Honours from the University of London. He later gained a PhD in chemical physics at the University of Kent, researching Raman spectro-electrochemistry. Busby was a member of the British government sponsored Committee Examining Radiation Risks from Internal Emitters (CERRIE), which operated from 2001 to 2004. He was thenn 2007/2008 he was Guest Researcher at The Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science of the Federal Agricultural Research Station in Braunschweig, Germany (FAL; from 2008 on JKI) and Jacobs University Bremen for a year and is currently Scientific Director of the private company Environmental Research SIA in Riga, Latvia. Busby is a former National Speaker on Science and Technology for the Green Party of England and Wales.

Second event theory and photoelectric effect controversy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Biphasic_Curve.gif" caption="mSv]]/year (diagram adapted by Busby from Burlakova ''et al.'' (1998)).{{Cite journal"] ::

Busby initially proposed the Second Event Theory in 1995, in his self-published book Wings of Death: Nuclear Pollution and Human Health{{Cite book| publisher = Green Audit Books | isbn = 978-1-897761-03-8 | last = Busby | first = Chris | title = Wings of Death: Nuclear Pollution and Human Health | date = October 1995 | url = http://nonuclear.se/busby-wings-of-death

SET was criticised by Cox & Edwards (2000){{Cite journal | issn = 0955-3002 | volume = 76 | issue = 1 | pages = 119–122 | last = Edwards | first = A A |author2=R Cox | title = Commentary on the Second Event Theory of Busby | journal = International Journal of Radiation Biology | date = January 2000 | pmid=10665965 | doi = 10.1080/095530000139087 | s2cid = 5916027 | volume = 143 | pages = 983–985 | last = Ribondeau | first = L. |author2=J Bergonié | title = De quelques résultats de la radiotherapie et essai de fixation d'une technique rationnelle | journal = Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences | year = 1906 | publisher = London: Committee Examining Radiation Risks of Internal Emitters | isbn = 978-0-85951-545-0 | last = Goodhead | first = D. | author2 = R. Bramhall | author3 = C. Busby | others = R. Cox, S. Darby, P. Day, J. Harrison, C. Muirhead, P. Roche, J. Simmons, others | title = Report of the Committee Examining Radiation Risks of Internal Emitters (CERRIE) | year = 2004 | url = http://www.cerrie.org/pdfs/cerrie_report_e-book.pdf | access-date = 23 July 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110725153420/http://www.cerrie.org/pdfs/cerrie_report_e-book.pdf | archive-date = 25 July 2011

The lack of biological plausibility for the basic preconditions of the SET
The paucity of supporting evidence in the proponents' reviews of the SET
The weakness of studies cited in support of the SET
The absence of supporting evidence found by the independent review commissioned by the Committee

CERRIE also considered and rejected by 10 to 2 consensus the biphasic (bimodal) curve of Burlakova et al. (1999), due to the study's "substantial shortcomings"; tables were so ambiguous that the risk-dose response could be interpreted as linear, biphasic or even promoting health (radiation hormesis).

In 2011, Busby began selling a minority report for £25 on his website, in which he claimed that cancer risk from internal exposures to low doses of radiation is 300 times greater than predicted under the LNT model, that the LNT model is meaningless, and that cancer incidence rates in Sweden and Belarus increased by 40% since Chernobyl.{{Cite web | last = Bramhall | first = Richard | author2 = Chris Busby | author3 = Paul Dorfman | title = Committee Examining Radiation Risk of Internal Emitters – MINORITY REPORT | work = Committee Examining Radiation Risk of Internal Emitters | date = 23 July 2011 | url = http://www.llrc.org/wobblyscience/subtopic/cerrie.htm | access-date = 23 July 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714001141/http://www.llrc.org/wobblyscience/subtopic/cerrie.htm | archive-date = 14 July 2011

Later work by Busby focused on the health effects of ingested depleted uranium particles and the photoelectric effect theory (PET).{{Cite book | publisher = Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim | isbn = 978-3-8236-1546-0 | pages = 11–22 | last = Busby | first = C. |author2=E. Schnug | title = In: Loads and Fate of Fertilizer-derived Uranium | chapter = Advanced biochemical and biophysical aspects of uranium contamination | chapter-url = http://www.fse.org.za/downloads/ADVANCED%20BIOCHEMICAL%20AND%20BIOPHYSICAL.pdf | year = 2008

Conflicts with other low-dose radiation researchers

Busby is the author of two self-published books on cancer incidence in Wales, Wings of Death and Wolves of Water.

The books were criticised in the Journal of Radiological Protection as "erroneous in consequence of various mistakes". According to Richard Wakeford, the editor-in-chief of the journal, a fellow CERRIE committee member representing the nuclear industry, and a specialist in the health effects of low-dose radiation (formerly with British Nuclear Fuels), Busby's work is "Deeply flawed".

Busby served on the UK Government's Committee Examining Radiation Risks of Internal Emitters (CERRIE), which operated between 2001 and 2004, and included medical professionals, scientists, delegates from Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth, and Richard Wakeford representing the nuclear industry. Busby ultimately disagreed with the committee's conclusions and published a "minority report" with another committee member from LLRC. On the LLRC website page selling the minority report, it's claimed (without citation) that north Sweden cancer rates have increased by 40% since Chernobyl.{{Cite web | title = Minority Report of CERRIE (flyer) | publisher = LLRC | url = http://www.llrc.org/health/subtopic/minorityflier.pdf | access-date = 18 April 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110705014606/http://www.llrc.org/health/subtopic/minorityflier.pdf | archive-date = 5 July 2011 | title = Increase in Cancer in Sweden Can Be Traced To Chernobyl | work = Science News | publisher = ScienceDaily.com | date = 30 May 2007 | url = https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070530080956.htm | access-date = 18 April 2011

Antone Brooks (former Technical Research Director of the US Department of Energy's Low Dose Radiation Research Program) has also had differences with Busby.

Televised comments on Fukushima I nuclear accidents

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Fukushima's_Harsh_Warning_-_Chris_Busby.webm" caption="Fukushima's Harsh Warning, Chris Busby's interview"] ::

In a 14 March broadcast on BBC, Busby was interviewed along with Ian Fells, and characterised the accident as "exactly the same scenario" as Chernobyl. While admitting that the containment structure for Fukushima Dai-ichi was more advanced than that at Chernobyl, he claimed there could be "nuclear explosion" rather than (as reported) a hydrogen explosion, if fuel elements had melted down and collected at the bottom of the vessel. He also asserted that radiation levels measured at a reactor north of Fukushima Dai-ichi (i.e. Onagawa) indicated that "up to 100 kilometers away, we are getting concentrations of plutonium, cesium and iodine" (sic – presumably radionuclides thereof) released from Fukushima Dai-ichi, making the releases comparable in his opinion to Chernobyl, in terms of human health impact. In response to Fells' characterisation of the worst immediate effects being loss of power to an advanced industrial society, Busby said "this is a radiological catastrophe already", asserting in particular that plutonium releases were a major cause of concern.

On 30 March 2011, Busby first appeared on RT (formerly known as Russia Today) stating that the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster was worse than being reported. During the follow-up interview on 13 April 2011, Busby stated that Fukushima radiation pollution could cause up to 400,000 added cancer cases among those living within 200 km of the reactor, with " reports of significant radiation ... even south of Tokyo".{{Cite news | last = Kondo | first = Dwight | title = Scientist: 400,000 Cancers Within 200 km of Fukushima Evacuation Zone | newspaper = Hawaiʻi News Daily | date = 14 April 2011 | url = http://hawaiinewsdaily.com/2011/04/scientist-predicts-400000-cancers-for-japanese-remaining-in-200-km-evacuation-zone/ | access-date = 17 April 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110418053303/http://hawaiinewsdaily.com/2011/04/scientist-predicts-400000-cancers-for-japanese-remaining-in-200-km-evacuation-zone/ | archive-date = 18 April 2011

Controversy regarding sale of "Anti-radiation" pills

Following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Busby established an internet presence discussing the risks of ionizing radiation and a conspiracy theory involving Japanese Government's efforts to spread radioactive contamination throughout the country. He also marketed online, services and a mineral supplement he claimed mitigate the dangers of ingested radioisotopes.

Busby claimed radioactive caesium-137 released from the nuclear disaster can cause heart muscle damage and heart attacks in children and a mineral supplement, sold on his Japanese language website via 4u-detox of San Pedro, California, could prevent these deleterious effects (labelled Busby Laboratories, Formula 1, Christopher Busby Foundation for The Children of Fukushima). Busby says he bases his cardiac claims on the work of husband-and-wife team Yury Bandazhevsky and Galina Bandazhevskaya; known for their controversial claims that arrhythmia and heart attacks occurred in children at caesium-137 levels as low as 50 Bqkg−1 and that oral apple pectin increases its excretion (by comparison banana contains ca. 3000 Bqkg−1 of natural potassium-40).

Busby later self-published a document that he claimed offered theoretical support for his supplement, namely an ability to block certain radioisotopes from binding to DNA. However, his document also explains that his supplement cannot block caesium-137, because it does not contain a protective dose of stable caesium:

Note that even if the pills contained stable cesium it is unlikely that the stable cesium would increase the rate at which radioactive cesium is lost from a person. It has been shown by Prochazka et al. that the addition of stable cesium to the diet of pigs fails to increase the rate at which radioactive cesium is lost from the pigs

Additionally, Busby alleges the Japanese Government is involved in a conspiracy to spread radioactive contamination throughout Japan, in an effort to hide cancer clusters from epidemiologists and thus hinder litigation (cancer clusters are typically statistically identified by comparison with an unexposed cohort).

In 2008, a research team at the Experimental Radio-TOXological Laboratory (LRTOX), France, independently investigated the effects of high level (500 Bqkg−1) caesium-137 exposure in animals (heart, testes, blood, cholesterol, immune system, foetus etc.). For example, Guéguen et al. (2008) investigated the possible cardiac effects of 500 Bqkg−1 caesium-137 exposure in rats over 3 months. They observed that, while caesium-137 exposure did not cause any damage to heart cells or arrhythmias, results indicated that quite subtle cardiac impairment might worsen in some sensitive individuals over time. Also, Le Gal et al. (2006) found that the excretion of caesium-137 was not increased by oral apple pectin, however prussian blue (the drug Radiogardase) enhanced faecal excretion of caesium-137 fivefold. Furthermore, the study of Bandazhevskaya (2004) involving oral apple pectin was criticised by Jargin (2010), who highlighted a number of serious flaws that meant the claims made could not substantiated.

Claiming that a supplement can be of use in the "cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease" renders it equivalent to a drug and subject to oversight by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Section 201(g)(1) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act). Specifically, drugs must be demonstrated to work and proven safe. In April 2011, the FDA sent warning letters to an unrelated company, Premier Micronutrient Corporation of Nashville, Tennessee, US, who similarly claim that its "anti-oxidant" supplements are capable of preventing illness caused by radiation (Bioshield-Radiation R1 and Bioshield Radiation R2). The FDA pointed out there was no scientific data demonstrating the drugs safety or effectiveness in treating radiation exposure. However, Bioshield Radiation R2 subsequently resumed sale with a legal waver, "These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease."; that it is a food supplement. The FDA approves three over-the-counter drugs for iodine-131 and one prescription drug (Radiogardase) for caesium-137 contamination.{{Cite web | last = U.S. FTC | title = FTC Warns Consumers About Scam Artists' Pitch for Potassium Iodide Treatment | work = Federal Trade Commission | format = Government | date = 21 March 2011 | url = http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2011/03/iodide.shtm

Research on weapons derived uranium

Busby has written and spoken about the potential health effects of depleted uranium. He has claimed that people have been exposed to uranium during the 2nd Gulf War (2003), the Bosnia campaign (1996), and in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon war. However, a study by the United Nations Environment Programme did not find any traces of depleted uranium in weapons used during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon war.

A review of past studies of birth defects in Iraq concluded that there was no clear increase in birth defects and no clear indication of a possible environmental exposure including depleted uranium.

In November 2012, Busby gave a talk in Geneva at the Human Rights Council about the failures of radiation protection as a human rights issue.

Arrest under the Explosives Substances Act (1883)

He was arrested in 2018 in Devon after the nerve agent attack on the Skripals when some police officers visited his home after reports that his 29-year-old housemate was acting in a strange manner. He was not arrested in connection with the nerve agent attack but after two police officers felt unwell in his house. He was arrested under the Explosive Substances Act 1883 before being released later. Chris Busby did state that he had a bottle of nitric acid somewhere in the house. Chris Busby expressed the view that his arrest and the search of his home were a retaliation against him for his work on nuclear matters. The possession of nitric acid is regulated by the Control of Poisons and Explosives Precursors Regulations 2015 when the concentration of the nitric acid is above 3%. An aqueous solution which is 3% nitric acid is circa 0.7 M.

Relocation to Latvia

Chris Busby has relocated to Latvia and the author information on his paper on the epidemiology of cancer risks associated with service aboard a nuclear powered ship (USS Ronald Reagan) indicates his address to be Riga. His paper argues that there is a higher rate of cancer in the workers on the ship than there are in other US Navy Personnel.

In recent times Chris Busby has published a paper on the origins of life where he considers entropy and Maxwell's demon, he argues that the phosphate mineral apaitite was involved in the creation of the first life forms.

Selected publications

Busby Chris and Schnug Ewald (2008). "Advanced biochemical and biophysical aspects of uranium contamination". In: (Eds) De Kok, L.J. and Schnug, E. Loads and Fate of Fertilizer Derived Uranium. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, .

Books

Busby, CC (1992). Low level radiation from the nuclear industry: the biological consequences. (Aberystwyth: Green Audit) .
Busby, CC (1994). Radiation and Cancer in Wales (Aberystwyth: Green Audit). .
Busby, CC (1995). Wings of Death: Nuclear Pollution and Human Health (Aberystwyth: Green Audit) .
Edited by Busby CC, Bertell R, Yablokov A, Schmitz-Feuerhake I, and Scott Cato M (2003). ECRR2003: 2003 recommendations of the European Committee on Radiation Risk: The health effects of ionizing radiation at low dose — Regulator's edition. (Brussels: ECRR-2003). .
Scott Cato M with Busby CC and Bramhall R (2000). I don't know Much about Science: political decision making in scientific and technical areas. Aberystwyth: Green Audit. .
Bramhall R with Busby CC and Dorfman P (2004). CERRIE Minority Report 2004: Minority Report of the UK Department of Health/ Department of Environment (DEFRA) Committee Examining Radiation Risk from Internal Emitters (CERRIE). Aberystwyth: Sosiumi Press. .
Busby CC and others (2004) Report of the Committee Examining Radiation Risk from Internal Emitters (CERRIE) Chilton, UK: National Radiological Protection Board. .
Busby C and Yablokov AV (2006) ECRR 2006. Chernobyl 20-year On. The Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident. Brussels: ECRR/ Aberystwyth: Green Audit. .
Busby C (2006) Wolves of Water. A Study Constructed from Atomic Radiation, Morality, Epidemiology, Science, Bias, Philosophy and Death. Aberystwyth: Green Audit
Busby C (2009) Our Mother who art in Everything: Poems 2004-8. Llandrinddod Wells, Wales: Sosiumi Press. .
Busby, C (ed.) &al. (2011). Fukushima and Health: What to Expect: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of the European Committee on Radiation Risk, Lesvos Greece 5/6 May 2009 (Documents of the ECRR) Green Audit. .
Also: Busby C (2004) Nuclear Cover-Ups Video DVD Aberystwyth: Green Audit Films Busby Christo (2009) Songs from a Cold Climate (CD) Aberystwyth: Green Audit.
Busby, C (2015) What is life? : on the origin and mechanism of living systems. ISBN 9780956513212

Book chapters

Busby, C. C. (1996a), ' in Bramhall, R. (ed.), The Health Effects of Low Level Radiation: Proceedings of a Symposium held at the House of Commons, 24 April 1996 (Aberystwyth: Green Audit).
Busby, C. C. (1998), 'Enhanced mutagenicity from internal sequentially decaying beta emitters from second event effects.' In 'Die Wirkung niedriger Strahlendosen- im kindes-und Jugendalter, in der Medizin, Umwelt ind technik, am Arbeitsplatz'. Proceedings of International Congress of the German Society for Radiation Protection. Eds: Koehnlein W and Nussbaum R. Muenster, 28 March 1998 (Bremen: Gesellschaft fur Strahlenschutz)
Busby C.C and Scott Cato M (1999) 'A Planetary Impact index' in Molly Scott Cato and Miriam Kennett eds. Green Economics – beyond supply and demand to meeting peoples needs. Aberystwyth: Green Audit
Busby C (2004) Depleted Science: the health consequences and mechanisms of exposure to fallout from Depleted Uranium weapons. In The Trojan Horses of Nuclear War Kuepker M and Kraft D eds. Hamburg: GAAA
Busby Chris (2007) New nuclear risk models, real health effects and court cases. pp 35–46 in- Updating International Nuclear Law Eds—Stockinger H, van Dyke JM et al. Vienna: Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag
Busby C (2008) Depleted Uranium. Why all the fuss? United Nations Disarmament Forum Journal UNIDIR, Nov 2008

References

chris. "NEWS".
Green Audit, [http://www.greenaudit.org/about_green_audit.htm About Green Audit] {{Webarchive. link. (5 August 2009)
Monbiot, George. (21 November 2011). "Post-Fukushima 'anti-radiation' pills condemned by scientists". The Guardian.
"Dr Chris Bubsy (CERRIE biography)". [[Committee Examining Radiation Risks from Internal Emitters]].
"Professor Chris Busby". University of Ulster.
confirmation by the then director [[Ewald Schnug]]
(23 October 2004). "Greens launch radiation activist network". Green Party of England and Wales.
(2 September 2002). "Far more spin than substance". Green Party of England and Wales.
Samartzis, Dino. (31 March 2011). "Exposure to Ionizing Radiation and Development of Bone Sarcoma: New Insights Based on Atomic-Bomb Survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki". J Bone Joint Surg Am.
(2017). "Risk of lung cancer mortality in nuclear workers from internal exposure to alpha particle-emitting radionuclides". Wolters Kluwer Health.
[http://www.pacifica.org/programs/dn/030131.html pacifica.org radio] {{Webarchive. link. (22 April 2003 , 31 January 2003 interview with Busby, Retrieved 10 February 2008)
[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/1422130.stm "Scientist raises new radiation fear"], news.bbc.co.uk, 5 July 2001
Pattison, John E.. (2013). "The interaction of natural background gamma radiation with depleted uranium micro-particles in the human body". Journal of Radiological Protection.
(July 2019). "Leukaemia incidence in Welsh children linked with low level radiation—making sense of some erroneous results published in the media". Journal of Radiological Protection.
Wakeford, Richard. (2008). "What to believe and what not to believe". Journal of Radiological Protection.
(2004). "Dr Richard Wakeford". CERRIE.
(2004). "Editorial: Reflections on CERRIE". Journal of Radiological Protection.
(September 2024). "Nuclear Experts Gagged". Times Online.
Brooks, Antone. "Dr". Nuclear Street.
(14 March 2011). "Professor Busby gives his assessment of radiation from Fukushima nuclear reactor". BBC News.
"Full meltdown in full swing? Japan maximum nuclear alert". RT News.
"Busby: 400,000 to develop cancer in 200 km radius of Fukushima".
"Christopher Busby Foundation for The Children of Fukushima".
Bandazhevskaya, GS. (2004). "Relationship between Caesium (137Cs) load, cardiovascular symptoms, and source of food in "Chernobyl" children-preliminary observations after intake of oral apple pectin". [[Swiss Medical Weekly]].
Blomfield, Adrian. (24 April 2006). "Chernobyl scientist warns of 'nuclear folly'". The Telegraph.
Busby, Chris. (7 November 2011). "Calcium and other supplements to protect against internal radiation".
Prochazka, H; Jandl, J; Novosad, J; [1] Neruda, O; Hejzlar, J; Spelda, S, Veterinarni Medicina (Prague), 1991, 341–348 https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/5321449
Monbiot, George. (22 November 2011). "Christopher Busby's wild claims hurt green movement and Green party". The Guardian.
Guéguen, Yann. (8 March 2008). "Chronic Contamination of Rats with 137Cesium Radionuclide: Impact on the Cardiovascular System". Cardiovascular Toxicology.
Le Gall, B.. (November 2006). "Comparison of prussian blue and apple-pectin efficacy on 137Cs decorporation in rats". Biochimie.
Jargin, Sergei V.. (17 July 2010). "Overestimation of Chernobyl consequences: poorly substantiated information published". Radiation and Environmental Biophysics.
"Warning Letters – Premier Micronutrient Corporation 4/28/11".
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. "Consumer Information – Overview of Dietary Supplements".
Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and. (May 2025). ["Bioterrorism and Drug Preparedness – FDA Approves First New Drug Application for Treatment of Radiation Contamination due to Cesium or Thallium (10/2/2003)"](https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/EmergencyPreparedness/BioterrorismandDrugPreparedness/ucm130335.htm}}{{dead link).
''Depleted Science: the health consequences and mechanisms of exposure to fallout from Depleted Uranium weapons'' in ''The Trojan Horses of Nuclear War'' M. Kuepker and D. Kraft eds. Hamburg, 2004
''Depleted Uranium Weapons, metal particles and radiation dose'' European J. Biology and Bioelectromagnetics 2005, 1(1) 82–93
''Does uranium contamination amplify natural background radiation dose to the DNA?'' European J. Biology and Bioelectromagnetics 2005, 1(2) 120–131
''Depleted Uranium. Why all the fuss?'' United Nations Disarmament Forum Journal UNIDIR, Nov 2008
"Science on Trial: On the Biological Effects and Health Risks following exposure to aerosols produced by the use of DU weapons" Invited presentation to the Royal Society, London 19 July 2000 (also given at the Int. Conference against DU, Manchester, 4 Nov.) and on "Health effects of Depleted Uranium (again)" in 2001
{{YouTube. dOI-wpMlq28. Dr Chris Busby at the Royal Society: Scientific Dishonesty
[http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/2006/DU-Europe-Contamination1jan06.htm Did the use of uranium weapons in Gulf War 2 result in contamination of Europe?] {{Webarchive. link. (10 August 2012 Chris Busby and Saoirse Morgan; 1 March 2006, ''European J. Biology and Bioelectromagnetics'')
[http://www.euradcom.org/publications/ecrruraniumrept.pdf Uranium and Health: The Health Effects of Exposure to Uranium and Uranium Weapons Fallout] {{webarchive. link. (4 November 2011 Chris Busby; Documents of the ECRR 2010 No 2)
Ballardie FW, Cowley R, Cox A, Curry A, Denley H, Denton J, Dick J, Gerquin-Kern J-L, Redmond A, ''A man who brought the war home with him'' The Lancet, Vol. 372 No. 9653 p 1926
[http://www.llrc.org/du/subtopic/lebanrept.pdf Busby C, Williams D, ''Evidence of Enriched Uranium in guided weapons employed by the Israeli Military in Lebanon in July 2006''] {{Webarchive. link. (26 April 2012 Research Note 6/2006 Aberystwyth: Green Audit (accessed 20 September 2014))
[http://www.llrc.org/du/subtopic/ambulance.pdf Busby, Chris and Williams, Dai, ''Further Evidence of Enriched Uranium in guided weapons employed by the Israeli Military in Lebanon in July 2006: Ambulance Air Filter Analysis''] {{webarchive. link. (24 December 2012 Green Audit Research Note 7/2006. 3 November 2006)
[https://news.un.org/en/story/2006/11/198902-israel-did-not-use-depleted-uranium-during-conflict-hizbollah-un-agency-finds United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): "Israel did not use depleted uranium during conflict with Hizbollah, UN agency finds" 8 November 2006]
Al-Hadithi, T.. (2012). "Birth defects in Iraq and the plausibility of environmental exposure: a review". Conflict and Health.
[http://www.canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/49520 Obama-backed UN "Human Rights" Council Facilitates US-bashing Meet] by Anne Bayefsky
[http://justiceforiraq.blogspot.co.at/2012/09/press-release.html Birth Defects study in Fallujah Iraq] (Press release)
(13 September 2018). "Bideford radiation expert held over home chemicals". BBC News.
(14 September 2018). "Inside the backroom chemical lab that sparked a bomb scare - in Devon".
C. Busby, Cancer Investigation, 2020, volume 38, issue 3, pages 143-149
Christopher Busby and Charles Vyvyan Howard, Advances in Biological Chemistry, 2017, volume 7, pages 170-181.

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