Chlorellaceae

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title: "Chlorellaceae" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["chlorellaceae", "trebouxiophyceae-families"] description: "Family of algae" topic_path: "general/chlorellaceae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorellaceae" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Family of algae ::

| image = Chlorella vulgaris NIES2170.jpg | image_caption = Chlorella vulgaris | taxon = Chlorellaceae | authority = Brunnthaler | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See below

Chlorellaceae are a family of green algae in the order Chlorellales. About 250 species are currently accepted in the family. Members of the family are distributed worldwide and are common in a variety of freshwater, terrestrial and marine environments.

Members of the family Chlorellaceae are important ecologically, mainly as primary producers. Additionally, many members are rich in lipids, carbohydrates and vitamins, making them of interest in the field of biotechnology. Meanwhile, genera such as Prototheca are of clinical significance as pathogens of humans and other animals.

Description

Members of Chlorellaceae are morphologically diverse and include solitary and colonial forms. Traditionally, the family was circumscribed based on the mode of reproduction (production of autospores), and the family was defined around the type genus Chlorella, which is generally solitary and consists of spherical cells. However, based on molecular evidence, a number of genera have been moved into Chlorellaceae that differ significantly in morphology; these include Actinastrum (elongate cells in colonies), Micractinium (spherical cells with bristles), and Didymogenes (colonial cells with a thick mucilaginous envelope). Cells generally contain a single chloroplast with a pyrenoid.

In addition to autotrophic members that contain a chloroplast, the family includes genera which have lost the ability to photosynthesize are therefore heterotrophic. These genera, namely Prototheca and Helicosporidium, are colorless, single-celled organisms that resemble yeast, and are opportunistic pathogens of animals.

Genera

As of 2025, AlgaeBase includes the following genera:

• Acanthosphaera
• Actinastrum
• Apodococcus
• Auxenochlorella
• Ava
• Brachionococcus
• Carolibrandtia
• †Caryosphaeroides
• Catena
• Chlorella
• Chloroparva
• Closteriopsis
• Compactochlorella
• Coronacoccus
• Coronastrum
• Cylindrocelis
• Dicellula
• Dicloster
• Dictyosphaerium
• Didymogenes
• Endolithella
• Geminella
• Gloeotila
• Golenkiniopsis
• Hegewaldia
• Helicosporidium
• Heynigia
• Hindakia
• Hormospora
• Kalenjinia
• Keratococcus
• Laetitia
• Lewiniosphaera
• Marasphaerium
• Marinichlorella
• Marvania
• Masaia
• Meyerella
• Micractinium
• Mucidosphaerium
• Muriella
• Nannochloris
• Nanochlorum
• Nomia
• Palmellochaete
• Parachlorella
• Planktochlorella
• Podohedra
• Prototheca
• Pseudochloris
• Pseudosiderocelopsis
• Pumiliosphaera
• Siderocelis

Phylogeny

Higher-order relationships within Chlorellaceae are largely unresolved, with conflicting topologies; however, there are several well-supported clades:

• The Chlorella clade, containing Chlorella as well as other genera such as Actinastrum and Micractinium:
• The Parachlorella clade, containing Parachlorella and other genera such as Dictyosphaerium:
• The Nannochloris clade, containing genera such as Nannochloris, Marvania and Picochlorum
• The AHP clade, which contains the auxotrophic or heterotrophic members Auxenochlorella, Helicosporidium, and Prototheca.

In addition, several taxa form their own lineage not part of a larger clade, such as Muriella terrestris and Endolithella mcmurdoensis.

Current hypotheses on the phylogenetic relationships between taxa are as follows:

|style=font-size:90%;line-height:50%; |1= |label1=Chlorellaceae |1={{clade |1={{clade |label1=Chlorella clade |1= |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Chlorella |2=Micractinium |2=Actinastrum |2=Carolibrandtia |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Hindakia |2=Lewiniosphaera |2=Heynigia |2={{clade |1=Didymogenes |2=Brachionococcus (syn. Aliichlorella) |2=Meyerella |2=Hegewaldia |label2=Parachlorella clade |2= |1={{clade |1={{clade |1= |1=Parachlorella |2=Marasphaerium |3=Dictyosphaerium (polyphyletic) |4=Compactochlorella |5=Mucidosphaerium |6=Planktochlorella |2=Closteriopsis |3=Coronacoccus |4=Masaia |2=Marinichlorella |2=Dicloster |3=Kalenjinia |2=Muriella terrestris |label3=Nannochloris clade |3= |1={{clade |1=Picochlorum |2=Laetitia |3=Nannochloris |4=Edaphochloris |5=Pumiliosphaera |6=Koliella pro parte |7=Catena |8=Gloeotila contorta |9=Nomia |10=Ava |2={{clade |1=Chloroparva |2=Pseudochloris |4=Endolithella mcmurdoensis |5=AHP clade (Auxenochlorella, Helicosporidium, Prototheca) |2=Oocystaceae (outgroup)

Not all genera are included, as some (e.g. Cylindrocelis, Palmellochaete, etc.) have not been studied using molecular methods. In addition, some genera such as Geminella appear to cluster outside of Chlorellales.

References

References

1. "NCBI taxonomy resources". [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]].
2. (2023). "Assessing advances in taxonomic research on Chlorellaceae (Chlorophyta)". Biodiversity Science.
3. (2015). "''Chlorella'': 125 years of the green survivalist". Trends in Plant Science.
4. (2010). "Generic concept in ''Chlorella'' -related coccoid green algae (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae)". Plant Biology.
5. (2021). "A first insight into the genome of ''Prototheca wickerhamii'', a major causative agent of human protothecosis". BMC Genomics.
6. {{AlgaeBase taxon. Chlorellaceae
7. (2020). "Identification Problems and Cryptic Diversity of Chlorella-Clade Microalgae (Chlorophyta)". Microbiology.
8. (2023). "Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of two Antarctic strains within the genera Carolibrandtia and Chlorella (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae)". Algae.
9. (2024). "A description of ''Aliichlorella ignota'' gen. et sp. nov. and a comparison of the efficiency of species delimitation methods in the ''Chlorella'' -clade (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)". Phycological Research.
10. "''Aliichlorella'' Krivina, Portnov & Temraleeva, 2024".
11. (2018). "''Coronacoccus hengyangensis gen. et sp. nov.'', a new member of Chlorellaceae (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) with radiococcacean morphology". Phycologia.
12. (2022). "''Edaphochloris'', gen. nov.: A new genus of soil green algae (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) with simple morphology". Plant Systematics and Evolution.
13. (2024). "''Koliella bifissiva'' sp. nov (Chlorellaceae, Chlorophyta) and Analysis of its Organelle Genomes". Plants.
14. (2022). "Uncovering New Diversity of Photosynthetic Microorganisms from the Mediterranean Region". Microorganisms.
15. (2018). "''Autumnella lusatica'' ''gen. nov.'' and ''sp. nov.'' (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae), a new phytoplankton species in acidic lignite pit lakes". Phycologia.

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